Cryopreservation of seeds of Neonotonia wightii Wight and Arn: a strategy for conservation, dormancy breaking and preservation of nutritional status.

BACKGROUND: N. wightii (Leguminosae) is valued as a cover crop and as a potential source of protein in food insecure countries. However, plantlet establishment is limited by physical dormancy. Our previous work has shown that exposure of N. wightii seeds to cryogenic temperatures is able to overcome physical dormancy. OBJECTIVE: The current study is an extension of that work where the field performance and nutritional composition of plants regenerated from N. wightii seeds was investigated. RESULTS: It was evident that plants regenerated from cryopreserved seeds displayed faster growth rates than those from control seeds. In addition, cryopreservation did not alter the nutritional profile of plants produced from cryo-stored seeds. CONCLUSION: Collectively, the results indicate that cryopreservation serves as a suitable strategy for the preservation of seeds of N. wightii with the added benefit of also serving as a dormancy breaking mechanism upon retrieval from cryogenic temperatures. Doi.org/10.54680/fr23510110712.

Maternal protein restriction affects cardiovascular, but not respiratory response to L-glutamate microinjection into the NTS of conscious rats.

Purpose: Dysregulation of glutamatergic neurotransmission (GN) is linked to sympathetic-respiratory overactivity and hypertension. We investigated whether maternal protein restriction is able to alter GN into the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) in adult offspring.Methods: Wistar rat dams were fed with control (NP; 17% protein) or low-protein (LP; 8% protein) diet during pregnancy and lactation, and their offspring were evaluated at 70-90d old. Direct measurements of mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), respiratory frequency (RF) and respiratory (RV) and cardiac (CV) variabilities were assessed in consciousness. The evaluation of GN into NTS over cardiovascular system were assessed by microinjections of unilateral glutamate (L-glu 0.5 nmol/100nL) and bilateral kynurenic acid (Kyn 2.5 nmol/50nL). The NP and LP groups were compared using unpaired Student's t-test where p < 0.05 was considered significant.Results: The LP exhibited higher MAP at rest (p = 0.03) and after L-glu microinjection (p = 0.04), as well as an increase over HR after Kyn microinjection when compared to the NP (p = 0.049). In the RV, the LP group showed an increase of the component-standard deviation 1 (p = 0.037) at rest. In the CV, the LP presented an increase of the low frequency (LF) component of the pulse interval (PI) (p = 0.034), a decrease of high frequency (HF) of the PI (p = 0.034), beyond an increased LF/HF ratio of the PI (p = 0.027) when compared to the NP. The kynurenic acid microinjection did not produce changes in RV or CV (p > 0.05).Conclusions: Altered GN into the NTS may contribute to augmented blood pressure in protein-restricted offspring.

Exposure of Teramnus labialis (L.F.) Spreng Seeds to Liquid Nitrogen Does Not Affect Nutritional Status of Field Grown Adult Plants.

BACKGROUND: Teramnus labialis (L.f.) Spreng is a potentially important legume species, and can be used as an animal feed and to enhance soil physicochemical characteristics. Despite the biological and agricultural importance, the low availability of seeds, their small size and the low percentage germination limit their large-scale use by farmers. We previously reported a method to cryopreserve seeds of T. labialis which also allowed for the breaking of seed dormancy. OBJECTIVE: The current study reports on the nutritional status of 5 month old field grown plants regenerated from cryostored and control seeds. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Biomass (fresh and dry mass of leaves and stems) and contents of ash, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, lignin, cellulose, crude protein, P, Ca, Mg and K were measured. RESULTS: Seeds germinated and emerged faster following immersion in liquid nitrogen (LN) which was supported by quantitative evaluations of fresh and dry weights per m2. However, the ratio of leaf:stem mass were not altered by seed exposure to LN. CONCLUSION: The results showed that exposure of seeds to cryogenic temperatures did not alter the nutritional composition of regenerated plants.

Seed Cryostorage Enhances Subsequent Plant Productivity in the Forage Species Teramnus Labialis (L.F.) Spreng.

BACKGROUND: Teramnus labialis is an herbaceous legume that serves as a source of carbohydrates and proteins for animals and humans, and is valued for its nitrogen contribution to soil. The benefits of this species are, however, limited by low seed availability, small seed size and low in situ seed germination levels, due to physical dormancy. Cryostorage has been shown to be beneficial for both seed storage and breaking physical dormancy in seeds of various species. However, its potential effects on subsequent seedling emergence, plant growth and seed production need to be studied before large-scale implementation for T. labialis. OBJECTIVE: To record agricultural traits of T. labialis after seed exposure to liquid nitrogen. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seeds were maintained at 5 degree C (control) or stored in LN before sowing. Seedling emergence percentage and traits related to plant growth and seed production were evaluated for 6 months. RESULTS: Except for seed weight, all traits differed significantly between seedlings generated from cryostored and control seeds. Except for pod number, seedling emergence and plant growth traits were enhanced by cryostorage to a greater extent than seed production traits. Cryostorage resulted in cracks and breaks in the seed coat which were absent in control seeds (scanning electron microscopy), and in breaking physical dormancy may have facilitated more rapid seedling emergence than for control seeds. CONCLUSION: Seed cryostorage enhances subsequent plant productivity in terms of growth and to a lesser extent seed production in Teramnus labialis, validating its use for commercial growth of this species.

Intra-uterine growth retardation affects birthweight and postnatal development in pigs, impairing muscle accretion, duodenal mucosa morphology and carcass traits.

The present study investigated the occurrence of intra-uterine growth retardation (IUGR) in newborn (n=40) and 150-day-old (n=240) pigs of different birthweight ranges (high, HW: 1.8-2.2kg; low, LW: 0.8-1.2kg) from higher-parity commercial sows and its impact on their subsequent development and carcass traits in a Brazilian commercial production system. HW newborn pigs had heavier organs than LW pigs (P<0.01), and all brain:organ weight ratios were higher (P<0.01) in LW compared with HW offspring, providing strong evidence of IUGR in the LW piglets. HW pigs had higher bodyweights and average daily gain (ADG) in all phases of production (P<0.05), but ADG in the finisher phase was similar in both groups. Additionally, LW newborn and 150-day-old pigs showed a lower percentage of muscle fibres and a higher percentage of connective tissue in the semitendinosus muscle, greater fibre number per mm(2) and a lower height of the duodenal mucosa (P<0.05). On the other hand, HW pigs had higher hot carcass weight, meat content in the carcass and yield of ham, shoulder and belly (P<0.01). Hence, lower-birthweight piglets may suffer from IUGR, which impairs their growth performance, muscle accretion, duodenal mucosa morphology and carcass traits.

Hamatolunate impingement syndrome in golfers: results of arthroscopic burring of the apex of the hamate.

Hamatolunate impingement syndrome is an uncommon cause of ulnar-sided wrist pain in the general population. Often misdiagnosed and untreated by non-specialized physicians, it is an important source of chronic ulnar wrist pain in golfers. The purpose of this retrospective study was to report results of arthroscopic burring of the apex of the hamate for hamatolunate impingement, whether isolated or not, in golf players, with a minimum of six months follow-up. Fifteen golf players (10 amateur, 2 semi-professional and 3 professional players), aged 40-61 years, with ulnar carpal pain implicating hamatolunate impingement with Viegas type-II carpal configuration, were included. Treatment consisted in arthroscopic burring of the apex of the hamate. At an average follow-up of 11 months (range, 6-24 months), all patients were satisfied with functional results, except 1 with persistent pain and stiffness; 93% returned to sport to their prior level. Mean range of motion was improved by 17 ° for wrist flexion (range, 15 ° to 30 °) and 15 ° for wrist extension (range, 10 ° to 25 °). All patients except 1 recovered grip strength, improving from 27 kg (range, 12-53) preoperatively to 35 kg (range, 17-61) at last-follow-up, and ulnar-sided pain was alleviated during golf practice. Return to prior sport level was possible by 5.5 months for professional players and by 9 months for amateurs. Arthroscopic burring of the apex of the hamate provided good clinical results for function and pain, with fairly rapid return to sport. Hamatolunate chondritis does not always mean pathology but represents the natural progression of Viegas type II wrists.

Basal joint arthroscopy indications in first CMC joint arthritis.

Basal joint arthroscopy is one of the more recent evolutions of small joint arthroscopy in upper limb surgery. Conventional arthroscopy equipment is generally sufficient to perform these procedures without any specific adaptation. Arthroscopic exploration of the trapeziometacarpal joint is performed through 1R, 1U portals with the addition of a thenar portal in some indications. In the context of basal joint arthritis, we can distinguish diagnostic, preventive and therapeutic indications for arthroscopy. Diagnostic indications are the assessment of painful post-traumatic basal joint lesions of cartilage and ligaments, and the evaluation of chondromalacia and ligament attenuation to help classify basal joint osteoarthritis to provide additional clinical information, which can influence further treatment depending on the stage of the disease. Preventive indications are reduction of Bennett's fracture, basal joint dislocation management to avoid post-traumatic instability and chondromalacia; it can also be indicated after decompensation of hyperlaxity. Therapeutic indications are debridement, ligament augmentation procedures or shrinkage ± interposition ± partial or total trapeziectomy, ligamentoplasty, etc. Basal joint arthroscopy appears to be the seat of advances in arthroscopic procedures with clinical results at least as effective as classical open surgery, but this technique still requires long-term evaluation.

Plane of nutrition during gestation affects reproductive performance and retention rate of hyperprolific sows under commercial conditions.

Defining a maternal plane of nutrition during gestation is pivotal for improving sow productivity and the cost-effectiveness of feeding. The benefits of increasing the amount of feed during late gestation have been controversial. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of different planes of nutrition during gestation on reproductive performance of hyperprolific sows and pre-weaning litter performance. One hundred and thirty-five gestating sows were randomly assigned to one of three planes of nutrition throughout parities three and four (P4), as follows: Req - plane designed to meet requirements of prolific sows (2.3 kg per day from day 1 to 21; 1.8 kg per day from day 22 to 75; 2.3 kg per day from day 76 to farrowing); Bump - plane designed as the Req, with increased feed intake during late gestation (3.0 kg per day from day 91 to farrowing); and Maintenance - plane designed to closely meet maintenance requirements of sows (1.8 kg per day from day 1 to farrowing). All treatments were fed the same gestation diet (2.50MCal NE/kg; 0.67% SID Lysine; 15.17% CP). Sow biometrical parameters at farrowing and at weaning, and litter characteristics were recorded. Also, blood samples were collected for pre- and post-prandial serum glucose and plasma insulin, as well as triglycerides, calcium, and phosphorus analyses. Culling, stratified by cause, and retention rates were recorded in all treatments for each parity. Over two parities, Bump sows had higher weight gain and, at P4, had a higher number of piglets born alive (P < 0.05). Bump sows lost more weight between the end of gestation and weaning over two parities (P < 0.05). Maintenance sows showed reduced body condition score with a higher percentage of piglets removed throughout lactation (due to inappetence and inability to reach the udder) at P4 (P = 0.03). Pre- and post-prandial glucose levels were higher in Bump sows, as well as post-prandial insulin and phosphorus levels at P4 (P < 0.05). Bump sows also showed increased plasma triglycerides compared to the other treatments (P = 0.03). Retention rate was reduced in Maintenance compared to Bump and Req sows at parity 5 (P = 0.02). Taken together, our results indicate that higher feed intake allowance during late gestation may improve the sow's nutritional status triggering positive results on litter size of hyperprolific sows (e.g., more than 17 total born). However, body condition score must be carefully evaluated to prevent excessive weight gain during successive parities.

A study of fluid dynamics and human physiology factors driving droplet dispersion from a human sneeze.

Recent studies have indicated that COVID-19 is an airborne disease, which has driven conservative social distancing and widescale usage of face coverings. Airborne virus transmission occurs through droplets formed during respiratory events (breathing, speaking, coughing, and sneezing) associated with the airflow through a network of nasal and buccal passages. The airflow interacts with saliva/mucus films where droplets are formed and dispersed, creating a route to transmit SARS-CoV-2. Here, we present a series of numerical simulations to investigate droplet dispersion from a sneeze while varying a series of human physiological factors that can be associated with illness, anatomy, stress condition, and sex of an individual. The model measures the transmission risk utilizing an approximated upper respiratory tract geometry for the following variations: (1) the effect of saliva properties and (2) the effect of geometric features within the buccal/nasal passages. These effects relate to natural human physiological responses to illness, stress, and sex of the host as well as features relating to poor dental health. The results find that the resulting exposure levels are highly dependent on the fluid dynamics that can vary depending on several human factors. For example, a sneeze without flow in the nasal passage (consistent with congestion) yields a 300% rise in the droplet content at 1.83 m (≈6 ft) and an increase over 60% on the spray distance 5 s after the sneeze. Alternatively, when the viscosity of the saliva is increased (consistent with the human response to illness), the number of droplets is both fewer and larger, which leads to an estimated 47% reduction in the transmission risk. These findings yield novel insight into variability in the exposure distance and indicate how physiological factors affect transmissibility rates. Such factors may partly relate to how the immune system of a human has evolved to prevent transmission or be an underlying factor driving superspreading events in the COVID-19 pandemic.

[Endoscopic repair of distal biceps brachii tendon avulsion: a new technique. Report of 25 cases]. / Réparation endoscopique des avulsions du biceps distal : une nouvelle technique. A propos de 25 cas.

INTRODUCTION: Acute avulsion of the distal biceps brachii tendon requires urgent surgical reattachment. The usual open surgical techniques carry significant risks of local complications, mostly neurovascular injuries but also interosseous membrane synostosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We have developed a mini-invasive method with endoscopic control, that is simple and reproducible, allowing anatomical repair of acute lesions using a suture anchor. This new technique was used in 23 consecutive patients (among them, 11 professional sportsmen), with a median age of 46 years, and a median postoperative follow-up of 26 months. RESULTS: In these 23 patients, 22 had satisfactory or very satisfactory outcomes, and 20 recovered their previous level at sport and professional activities after 6 months. There was a mean loss of 2,9 degrees in flexion and extension, of 8,6 degrees in pronation and 5 degrees in supination. Only one severe neurological complication requiring revision surgery was noted. Three other minor complications were reported: two cases of heterotopic ossification, and one transient radial nerve palsy. CONCLUSION: Compared to the techniques previously described in the scientific literature, our technique seems to be a simple, reproducible and secure method to repair recent avulsions of the distal biceps brachii tendon.

The effects of immunization against gonadotropin-releasing hormone on growth performance, reproductive activity and carcass traits of heavy weight gilts.

Heavy weight gilts commonly show signs of oestrus during the late finishing phase, which results in a period of reduced feed intake and growth rate. Immunization against gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) (IM, immunocastration) was developed for finishing boars and recently extrapolated to females. Immunocastration acts by suppressing reproductive activity and improving the growth potential. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of IM on growth performance, reproductive activity and carcass characteristics of late finishing gilts. Seventy-two gilts (63.49 ± 0.39 kg) were either injected with saline (Intact) or immunized against GnRH (Immunized). The study consisted of three experimental periods: between the first to second immunization (V1 to V2, 15 to 19 weeks of age), from the second immunization to the beginning of daily boar exposure (DBE) (V2 to DBE, 19 to 21 weeks of age) and from the beginning of DBE to slaughter (S) (DBE to S, 21 to 25 weeks of age). Immunized gilts showed an overall increase (from 15 to 25 weeks) of 3.90 kg (P 0.05). Immunized gilts showed 4.4% increased cold carcass weight (P 0.05). Immunocastration reduced ovarian and uterine weights by 82% (P < 0.001) and 93% (P < 0.001), respectively, and suppressed oestrus manifestation in all gilts in the immunized group (P < 0.001). These results indicate that immunization against GnRH is a promising tool for stimulating growth performance with no detrimental effects on carcass quality of heavy weight finishing gilts, by means of oestrus suppression.

Small for gestational age very preterm infants present a higher risk of developing bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

INTRODUCTION: Several studies assessed the influence of a low birth weight on bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), but not all could find a significant association. Our aim was to assess the association between low birth weight and BPD in preterm infants, prospectively recruited at 11 level III Portuguese neonatal centers. METHODS: Obstetrical and neonatal data on mothers and preterm infants with gestational ages between 24 and 30 weeks, born during 2015 and 2016 after a surveilled pregnancy, were analyzed. Neonates were considered small for gestational age (SGA) when their birthweight was below the 10th centile of Fenton's growth chats and BPD was defined as the dependency for oxygen therapy until 36 weeks of corrected age. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS® statistics 23 and a p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Out of 614, a total of 494 preterm infants delivered from 410 women were enrolled in the study; 40 (8.0%) infants with SGA criteria. SGA were more often associated with a single pregnancy, had greater use of antenatal corticosteroids, increased prevalence of gestational hypertensive disorders, C-section, rupture of membranes below 18 hours, rate of intubation in the delivery room, use of surfactant treatment, oxygen therapy, mechanical ventilation need, BPD, cystic periventricular leukomalacia, nosocomial sepsis and pneumonia; had lower prevalence of chorioamnionitis, and lower Apgar scores. The multivariate analysis by logistic regression, adjusted for BPD risk factors revealed a significant association between SGA and BPD: OR = 5.2 [CI: 1.46-18.58]; p = 0.01. CONCLUSION: The results of this study increase the scientific evidence that SGA is an independent risk factor for BPD.

A multivariate approach to determine the factors affecting response level of growth, carcass, and meat quality traits in finishing pigs fed ractopamine.

The effect of ractopamine (RAC) supplementation on growth, carcass, and meat quality traits of finishing pigs was studied using a meta-analytical approach. The database was composed of 57 studies published from 2004 to 2016. The dependent variables extracted for the meta-analysis included final BW, ADG, ADFI, feed:gain ratio, HCW, dressing percentage, carcass length, lean yield, back fat thickness, loin muscle area, loin depth, postmortem pH, meat brightness, redness, and yellowness. The studies were grouped by similarity in 3 clusters (C1, C2, and C3) by hierarchical clustering on principle components. The main differences observed between clusters were those of animal initial weight, which increased from C1 through C3. Linear mixed models were used to analyze the data, where studies were assumed as random effect, whereas the total amount of RAC in the diet, cluster, and sex category were considered fixed effects. The interactions between cluster and sex category (barrows, gilts, and mixed sex) and RAC level were also evaluated. Dietary RAC was effective in improving final weight ( < 0.0001), ADG ( < 0.0001), and feed:gain ratio ( < 0.0001) and had a positive effect on HCW ( < 0.0001), lean yield ( = 0.0081), loin muscle area ( = 0.0190), and loin depth ( < 0.0001). In addition, a relatively limited effect on pork quality was observed in the current study. The RAC supplementation was more effective, mainly when pigs started supplementation with higher initial weight, although different responses were observed according to sex category ( < 0.05). There is ample indication that growth and carcass traits could be improved by dietary RAC supplementation. Ractopamine supplementation did not influence the pork quality.

[Historical developments of upper limp arthroscopy]. / Histoire de l'arthroscopie du membre supérieur.

The fathers of arthroscopy are without any doubt Kenji Takagi and his disciple Masaki Watanabe. They initiated these procedures and allowed the developments at the origin of the hardware used at our time. Not without difficulty, professional societies were organized on the different continents and at the international level. The shoulder then the elbow, the wrist and the hand profited from considerable projections these last years to become techniques impossible to circumvent of the osteoarticular surgery.

[Arthroscopic management of recent or chronic lesions of triangular fibrocartilage complex of the wrist]. / Traitement arthroscopique des lésions traumatiques récentes et chroniques du complexe triangulaire du poignet.

Lesions of the triangular fibrocartilage complex of the wrist (TFCC) have perfectly been dismembered by Andrew Palmer and have largely benefited from progress of arthroscopy of the wrist. One distinguishes thus traumatic lesions (class 1) individualized according to their localization, central (1-A), ulnar (1-B), radial (1-D) or distal (1-C). Central lesions are classically associated to a positive ulnar variance. The clinical symptomatology evokes a meniscal like syndrome of the wrist. In case of failure of the medical treatment, it will be necessary to propose a surgical procedure guided by histopathology of the triangular complex. Thus, ulnar peripheral richly vascularized lesions (1-B) could therefore potentially heal and will have to benefit by an attempt of surgical reattachment (arthroscopic technique of Whipple, Poehling or other techniques) or by an osteosynthesis in case of fracture on the basis on the ulnar styloid process. Central fibrocartilage lesions (1-A) or radial avulsions (1-D) are less vascularized and have therefore little probability to heal; they will benefit then ideally from the endoscopic debridement of unstable flaps of the central portion of TFCC. No immobilization is required and rehabilitation is immediately undertaken. Less frequent class 1-C lesions justify in our practice a simple arthroscopic regularization, alone complete ruptures could have necessitate a direct suture. Class 2 degenerative lesions are graduated (A to E) according to evolution of the chondromalacia of the ulnar head and carpal bone, perforation of the central disc and lunotriquetral ligament degeneration. They are usually associated with a constitutional or an acquired ulnar plus variance syndrome, for example after a distal radius fracture malunion. The clinical symptomatology needs to differentiate them from the simple frequent physiological perforations after the age of 50 years. Arthroscopy will allow to regularize unstable non-vascularized lesions and to perform a wafer procedure through the large hole of the central disc. Alone lesions with very positive ulnar variance or fail of minimally invasive procedures, justify, in our experience, a shortening osteotomy of the ulna.

[Complication and prevention of upper limb joints arthroscopy]. / Complication et prevention de l'arthroscopie du membre supérieur.

Arthroscopy for upper limb joints disorders has been used increasingly over the past two decades, and is often considered by population as minor surgery. It would be a mistake to mask potential complications, even if they are less important than equivalent conventional technique. Complications depend on the joint, and despite the relative lack of experience for wrist and small joints, elbow arthroscopy seems to be the arthroscopic technique with most important complication rate. However, most of these complications remain minor and curable. Teaching of anatomy and arthroscopic techniques, respect of elementary prudence rules, should allow to control the risk and the learnig curve. Clear and honest information about potential complications provided to patient is certainly the best way to reduce consequences of these complications.

[Pathology of the triangular fibrocartilaginous complex in distal radius fractures]. / Pathologie du complexe fibrocartilagineux triangulaire dans le cadre des fractures de l'extrémité distale du radius.

Distal radius fracture is actually quite rarely isolated and triangular fibrocartilaginous complex (TFCC) is often involved with the same mechanism of injury. A contemporary management of the treatment of the initial fracture is ideal and so benefits from a routine arthroscopic management. Nevertheless, in the absence of diagnosis and therefore early treatment, the symptoms may be located at the ulnar crossroads and justify specific treatment of TFCC. It is generally conducted after an accurate arthroscopic lesion classification guiding a procedure, depending on the lesion vascularization as well as its possible destabilization potential (debridement, capsular suture or foveal reattachment). Unfortunately, too often the radius fracture is insufficiently stabilized by an inadequate fixation process or inappropriate orthopedic management with a positive ulnar variance consequence and an ulnar plus syndrome. A "wafer procedure" may then sometimes be proposed if a shortening of less than 3mm is needed and that the distal radio-ulnar joint is not too disorganized.

Mid-term results of arthroscopic Bankart repair: A review of 31 cases.

INTRODUCTION: The goal of this study was to assess the overall function (Walch-Duplay score), stability, time and because it is time of return to sport and level of return to sport, and satisfaction of patients who underwent an arthroscopic Bankart repair for chronic anterior shoulder instability at 5 years' follow-up. In addition, the potential correlation between the postoperative Walch-Duplay score and the presence of risk factors for recurrence, the ISIS score, associated labral lesions discovered intraoperatively and clinical presentation was determined. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This was a retrospective, single-centre study of 30 patients (31 arthroscopic Bankart procedures) operated between January 2003 and December 2012. The Walch-Duplay score, recurrence rate (dislocation or subluxation), return to sports and subjective satisfaction were evaluated. RESULTS: The mean postoperative Duplay score was 77.4 points (100-15)±30.6. At review, 25.8% of patients had recurrence of the preoperative symptoms, including 16.1% glenohumeral dislocation and 9.7% subluxation. Patients requiring revision surgery (Bristow-Latarjet procedure) had no additional instability episodes. Among the athletes, 16 (66.6%) returned to their pre-injury level, four (16.6%) changed to a different sport and four stopped participating (16.6%). The subjective evaluation of the procedure was satisfactory in 75% of cases. No risk factors for recurrence were significantly related to the Walch-Duplay score. CONCLUSION: Despite satisfactory Walch-Duplay scores and subjective results, this mid-term follow-up study revealed a significant number of patients with recurrent instability after arthroscopic Bankart repair, confirming published data. Careful patient selection is essential prior to proposing this procedure and patients should be informed of the potential risk of revision surgery. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV, retrospective study.

[The value of early ligament repair in severe sprains of the trapezoid-metacarpal joint. Apropos of 10 cases]. / Intérêt d'une ligamentoplastie précoce dans les entorses graves de l'articulation trapézo-métacarpienne. A propos de 10 cas.

The diagnosis of ligamentous injuries of the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb is too often missed or imprecise. Inadequate treatment may cause chronic instability and secondary rhizarthrosis. The important range of motion of the thumb arises from this joint, which is stabilized by ligaments that are liable to injury. The authors report the results of 10 ligament plasties, performed acutely on recent sprains, of which 8 were caused by sports injuries. Ball sports are usually responsible for radial instability from rupture of the strong ulnar ligament by sudden radial hyperabduction; this is treated by a plasty with the flexor carpi radialis, according to Eaton and Littler. Contact sports usually are the cause of ulnar instability by sudden retropulsion of the thumb; this is treated by a plasty with the abductor pollucis longus, according to Brunelli. These sports may also cause axial compression of the flexed thumb, resulting in radial instability from rupture of the capsuloligamentous structures; this lesion is treated by an augmentation plasty as proposed by Péquignot et al. (extensor carpi radialis brevis and abductor pollicis longus).

[Bone allografts revascularized by autogenous endosseous flap. Experimentation in rats]. / Allogreffes osseuses revascularisées par lambeau autogène endostal. Expérimentation chez le rat.

The experimentation was based on the analysis of revascularization phenomenons and reossification of cross allografts of Wistar rat femoral diaphysis firstly canalized with an epigastric subcutaneous intramedullar autogenous flap. An endosteal revascularization has been observed in addition to the periosteal one which is usually the sole characteristic of classic allografts. The bone transplant, quickly vascularized after a short period of creeping substitution, had normal histomechanical properties which were never observed without the addition of a vascular pedicule. The use of such cortical allografts seems to be useful in human surgery.