RESUMEN
HISTONE MONOUBIQUITINATION1 (HUB1) and its paralog HUB2 act in a conserved heterotetrameric complex in the chromatin-mediated transcriptional modulation of developmental programs, such as flowering time, dormancy, and the circadian clock. The KHD1 and SPEN3 proteins were identified as interactors of the HUB1 and HUB2 proteins with in vitro RNA-binding activity. Mutants in SPEN3 and KHD1 had reduced rosette and leaf areas. Strikingly, in spen3 mutants, the flowering time was slightly, but significantly, delayed, as opposed to the early flowering time in the hub1-4 mutant. The mutant phenotypes in biomass and flowering time suggested a deregulation of their respective regulatory genes CIRCADIAN CLOCK-ASSOCIATED1 (CCA1) and FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) that are known targets of the HUB1-mediated histone H2B monoubiquitination (H2Bub). Indeed, in the spen3-1 and hub1-4 mutants, the circadian clock period was shortened as observed by luciferase reporter assays, the levels of the CCA1α and CCA1ß splice forms were altered, and the CCA1 expression and H2Bub levels were reduced. In the spen3-1 mutant, the delay in flowering time was correlated with an enhanced FLC expression, possibly due to an increased distal versus proximal ratio of its antisense COOLAIR transcript. Together with transcriptomic and double-mutant analyses, our data revealed that the HUB1 interaction with SPEN3 links H2Bub during transcript elongation with pre-mRNA processing at CCA1 Furthermore, the presence of an intact HUB1 at the FLC is required for SPEN3 function in the formation of the FLC-derived antisense COOLAIR transcripts.
Asunto(s)
Proteínas de Arabidopsis , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas , Histonas , ARN de Planta , Ubiquitina-Proteína Ligasas , Ubiquitinación , Proteínas de Arabidopsis/genética , Proteínas de Arabidopsis/metabolismo , Relojes Circadianos/genética , Relojes Circadianos/fisiología , Flores/genética , Flores/fisiología , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas/genética , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas/fisiología , Histonas/genética , Histonas/metabolismo , Dominios Proteicos/genética , Precursores del ARN/genética , Precursores del ARN/metabolismo , ARN de Planta/genética , ARN de Planta/metabolismo , Proteínas de Unión al ARN/genética , Proteínas de Unión al ARN/metabolismo , Ubiquitina-Proteína Ligasas/genética , Ubiquitina-Proteína Ligasas/metabolismo , Ubiquitinación/genética , Ubiquitinación/fisiologíaRESUMEN
The circadian clock and cell cycle as separate pathways have been well documented in plants. Elucidating whether these two oscillators are connected is critical for understanding plant growth. We found that a slow-running circadian clock decelerates the cell cycle and, conversely, a fast clock speeds it up. The clock component TOC1 safeguards the G1-to-S transition and controls the timing of the mitotic cycle at early stages of leaf development. TOC1 also regulates somatic ploidy at later stages of leaf development and in hypocotyl cells. The S-phase is shorter and delayed in TOC1 overexpressing plants, which correlates with the diurnal repression of the DNA replication licensing gene CDC6 through binding of TOC1 to the CDC6 promoter. The slow cell-cycle pace in TOC1-ox also results in delayed tumor progression in inflorescence stalks. Thus, TOC1 sets the time of the DNA pre-replicative machinery to control plant growth in resonance with the environment.