RESUMEN
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The purpose of this meta-analysis is to compare the effects of moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on blood pressure of hypertensive individuals. RECENT FINDINGS: Continuous aerobic training programs are successful in health promotion and are effective in systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) modulation. However, HIIT seems to be superior to MICT to improvement of cardiorespiratory fitness. PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar were searched for randomized clinical trials that compared chronic effects of HIIT and MICT on BP in hypertensive subjects. Pre- and post-intervention changes in maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) between MICT and HIIT were analyzed. Both interventions presented significant differences in SBP (MICT: mean difference (MD), 3.7 mmHg [95% CI = 2.57, 4.82], p < 0.00001; and HIIT: MD, 5.64 mmHg [95% CI = 1.69, 9.52], p = 0.005) and in DBP (MICT: MD, 2.41 mmHg [95% CI = 1.09, 3.72], p = 0.0003; and HIIT: MD, 4.8 mmHg [95% CI = 2.9, 6.7], p < 0.00001) compared with the control group. No differences were found in the SBP values (MD, 1.13 mmHg [95% CI = - 0.01, 2.27], p = 0.05); however, differences were found between groups in DBP (MD, 1.63 mmHg [95% CI = 0.83, 2.44], p = 0.0001). In the secondary outcome, both interventions increased VO2max in comparison with control groups (MICT: MD, 1.30 ml/kg/min [95% CI = 0.92, 1.68], p < 0.00001; and HIIT: MD, 4.90 ml/kg/min [95% CI = 3.77, 6.04], p < 0.00001), and HIIT promoted greater improvement than MICT (MD, 2.52 ml/kg/min [95% CI = 1.90, 3.13], p < 0.0001). In conclusion, HIIT and MICT promote reduction in SBP in adults with hypertension, and HIIT showed a greater magnitude in DBP reduction. For hypertensive patients, HIIT may be associated with a greater improvement in VO2max than MICT might.
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Entrenamiento de Intervalos de Alta Intensidad , Hipertensión , Adulto , Presión Sanguínea , Humanos , Hipertensión/terapia , Pruebas de Función RespiratoriaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Binge eating (BE) is associated with gestational weight gain, which is a risk factor for gestational diabetes (GDM). Little is known about this association in women with GDM. To evaluate the relationship of BE in pregnancy with gestational weight gain, BE at postpartum and postpartum weight retention in women with GDM. METHOD: Lifestyle INtervention for Diabetes prevention After pregnancy (LINDA-Brasil) is a multicenter cohort study with 1,958 women with GDM. BE was assessed by interview during recruitment in pregnancy and at a phone interview at ~4 months postpartum. Gestational weight gain was classified according to the 2009 Institute of Medicine (IOM) recommendations. Poisson regression with robust variance was used to estimate adjusted relative risks (RR). RESULTS: Prevalence of BE was 31.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 29.5-33.6%) during pregnancy and 30.0% (95% CI 28.0-32.1%) at postpartum. The risk of exceeding the IOM's recommendation for gestational weight gain was 45% higher (RR 1.45, 95% CI 1.29-1.63) in women who had BE during pregnancy compared to those who did not. The risk of having postpartum weight retention above the 75th percentile was 33% higher (RR 1.33, 95% CI 1.10-1.59) among those with BE compared to those without. DISCUSSION: Among these women with GDM, BE was frequent and was associated with excessive gestational weight gain and weight retention at postpartum. Thus, given the vulnerability of these periods of the life cycle, tracking this eating behavior is important for the management of gestational weight gain and for the prevention of excessive postpartum retention.
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Trastorno por Atracón/complicaciones , Diabetes Gestacional/epidemiología , Ganancia de Peso Gestacional/fisiología , Adulto , Estudios de Cohortes , Femenino , Humanos , Estilo de Vida , Embarazo , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
Long COVID has been linked to a decline in physical activity and functional capacity. However, it remains unclear which physical symptoms are associated with specific aspects of movement behaviors and functional capacity. We aimed to investigate the associations of fatigue, dyspnea, post-exertional malaise, myalgia, and the co-occurrence of symptoms with movement behaviors and functional capacity in individuals with Long COVID. A cross-sectional multicenter study was conducted. Questionnaires were used to assess fatigue, dyspnea, post-exertional malaise, and myalgia. Accelerometry was employed to assess sedentary time, steps per day, light physical activity, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. The six-minute walk test, 30-s chair stand test, and timed up and go were used to assess functional capacity. One hundred and two community-dwelling individuals who had been living with Long COVID for 15 ± 10 months participated in the study. Fatigue, post-exertional malaise, and the co-occurrence of physical symptoms showed a negative association with step count, while post-exertional malaise was also negatively associated with moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. Dyspnea showed a negative association with the functional score, including all tests. Our findings suggest that fatigue, post-exertional malaise, and the co-occurrence of physical symptoms are negatively associated with physical activity, while dyspnea is negatively associated with functional capacity in individuals with Long COVID.
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Acelerometría , COVID-19 , Disnea , Ejercicio Físico , Fatiga , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , COVID-19/fisiopatología , COVID-19/complicaciones , Estudios Transversales , Persona de Mediana Edad , Fatiga/fisiopatología , Anciano , Disnea/fisiopatología , Síndrome Post Agudo de COVID-19 , SARS-CoV-2/aislamiento & purificación , Movimiento , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Mialgia/fisiopatología , AdultoRESUMEN
PURPOSE: The present study aims to estimate the minimum number of accelerometer measurement days needed to estimate habitual physical activity (PA) among 6- (2010), 18- (2011) and 30- (2012) year-old participants, belonging to three population-based Brazilian birth cohorts. METHOD: PA was assessed by triaxial wrist-worn GENEActiv accelerometers and the present analysis is restricted to participants with at least 6 consecutive days of measurement. Accelerometer raw data were analyzed with R-package GGIR. Description of PA measures (overall PA, moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA), light PA (LPA)) on weekdays and weekend days were conducted, and statistical differences were tested with chi-squared and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Spearman Brown Formulae was applied to test reliability of different number of days of accelerometer use. RESULTS: Differences between week and weekend days regarding LPA, MVPA and overall PA, were only observed among 30-year-olds. Higher levels of MVPA (p = 0.006) and overall PA (p<0.001) were identified on weekdays. For overall PA, to achieve a reliability coefficient >0.70, two and three days of measurement were needed in adults and children, respectively. For LPA, a reliability coefficient >0.70 was achieved with five days in 6-year-old children, three days in 18-year-old young adults, and four days in 30-year-old adults. Considering MVPA, four days would be necessary to represent a week of measurement among all cohort groups. CONCLUSION: Our results show that four and five measurement days are needed to estimate all habitual PA constructs, for children and adults, respectively. Also, among 30-year-old adults, it is important to make efforts towards weekend days measurement.
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Ejercicio Físico/fisiología , Actividad Motora/fisiología , Conducta Sedentaria , Acelerometría/métodos , Adolescente , Adulto , Brasil/epidemiología , Niño , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Factores de Tiempo , Muñeca/fisiología , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar as recomendações de atividade física para gestantes e mu-lheres no pós-parto desenvolvidas para o Guia de Atividade Física para a População Brasileira. Para isso, utilizou-se uma abordagem de métodos mistos que incluiu quatro etapas: 1) levantamento das diretrizes internacionais mais recentes; 2) revisão narrativa de literatura sobre efeitos da prática de atividade física durante a gestação para a saúde da mulher e do bebê; 3) escuta com gestantes, mu-lheres no pós-parto, profissionais e pesquisadores; 4) consulta pública. As evidências sumarizadas suportam que a prática de atividade física durante a gestação e no período pós-parto é segura, traz be-nefícios à saúde da mãe e do bebê, e reduz os riscos de algumas complicações relacionadas à gestação. Gestantes devem ser incentivadas a realizar pelo menos 150 minutos por semana de atividade física de intensidade moderada. Gestantes com contraindicações devem procurar auxílio de profissionais qualificados. Em alguns casos, a prática de atividade física durante a gestação não é recomendada. Este documento servirá como ferramenta para nortear profissionais de saúde que atuam com ges-tantes e mulheres no pós-parto e irá orientar a população-alvo quanto a prática de atividade física
This manuscript aims to present the recommendations of physical activity for pregnant and postpartum women developed for the Physical Activity Guidelines for the Brazilian Population. A mixed-method ap-proach that included four steps was used: 1) review of the most recent international guidelines for physical activity during pregnancy; 2) narrative literature review on the effects of physical activity during pregnancy on the health of the woman and the baby; 3) consultation with pregnant women, postpartum women, pro-fessionals and researchers; 4) public consultation. The summarized evidence supports that physical activity during pregnancy and in the postpartum is safe, has benefits to the health of the mother and baby, and reduces the risks of some complications related to pregnancy. Pregnancy should be encouraged to do at least 150 min-utes a week of moderate intensity physical activity. Pregnancy women with contraindications should seek help from qualified professionals. In some cases, physical activity during pregnancy is not recommended. This document will be used as a tool to guide health professionals who work with pregnant women and women in the postpartum period. Also, it will inform and guide women during pregnancy and postpartum about the benefits of physical activity
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Población , Embarazo , Ejercicio FísicoRESUMEN
Abstract The production of systematic reviews and meta-analysis increased substantially. In this sense, we highlight those comparing Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training (MICT) and High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT). It is known that meta-analyses of well-conducted studies are considered as a superior level of scientific evidence; therefore, it is relevant to critically analyze all those articles, especially speaking about the absence of differences between MICT and HIIT reported in previous studies. Widely, analyzing studies included in a meta-analysis frequently is possible to identify a lack of crucial information to the understanding of the exercise intervention, and this can skew readers interpretation and may conduct an equivocate comprehension of the results. In meta-analysis regarding the effects of MICT and HIIT in body composition, the relativization of the full length of training time of each intervention is frequently lacking. Data from previously published meta-analysis was reanalyzed, verifying higher relative reductions of body fat percentage to the HIIT group in comparison to the MICT group when considered the duration of interventions. In this sense, we suggest that all meta-analysis about this subject need not only to provide complete analysis in body composition but also consider analysis relativized of time spent training.
Resumo Verifica-se substancial aumento na produção de revisões sistemáticas e metanálises, inclusive sobre os efeitos do exercício na composição corporal. Destacam-se aqui aqueles comparando Treinamento Contínuo de Intensidade Moderada (MICE) e Treinamento Intervalado de Alta Intensidade (HIIT). Observando que metanálises bem conduzidas apresentam maior nível de evidência científica, torna-se relevante analisar criticamente os trabalhos sobre a temática, a despeito da possível ausência de diferença entre MICE e HIIT previamente relatada. Isto deriva do impacto que protocolos e relatos adequados dos estudos primários exercem no resultado da metanálise. Ao analisar estudos incluídos em metanálises, são identificadas ausências de informações relevantes, o que enviesa a interpretação crítica do leitor, podendo conduzir à interpretação equivocada dos resultados. Observando metanálises sobre os efeitos do MICE e HIIT na composição corporal, questiona-se a carência de relativização do tempo total do treinamento para atingir os resultados. Ao reanalisarmos os dados de metanálise previamente publicada, verificamos maior redução relativa do percentual de gordura no grupo HIIT em comparação ao grupo MICE quando consideradas as durações das intervenções. À vista disto, indica-se que todas as metanálise acerca do tema deveriam concernir não somente análises absolutas da mudança de composição corporal, mas relativizá-las ao tempo treinado.
RESUMEN
Objetivou-se apresentar o modelo conceitual e desafios de uma intervenção de educação em saúde, incluída por meio do Sistema Único de Saúde. Todos moradores de Dona Francisca, Rio Grande do Sul, de 50-80 anos de idade, atendidos pelos oito agentes comunitários de saúde (ACS) foram considerados elegíveis para a intervenção, que abrangeu: i) encontro individual; ii) contatos motivacionais; iii) encontros educacionais relacionados à atividade física, alimentação e controle de estresse. A intervenção foi conduzida pelos ACS previamente treinados. Foram realizadas três coletas de dados: i) linha de base (2014; n = 649); ii) intermediária (2015; n = 544) e; iii) final (2016; n = 555). Os principais desafios foram relacionados a pactuação dos ACS, baixa participação nos encontros educacionais e coleta de dados, especialmente em áreas rurais. Porém, houve capacitação dos ACS, maior acesso às informações de saúde para a população e coletas de dados que possibilitam traçar o perfil de uma população de município de pequeno porte
The aim of this study is to present the rationale and challenges of a health education intervention, which occurred through the unified health system. All residents of Dona Francisca/Rio Grande do Sul, aged 50-80 years and serviced by community health workers (CHW ) were elegible for the intervention, which consisted of: i) individual meeting; ii) motivational contacts; iii) educational meetings related to physical activity, nutrition and stress control. The intervention was handled by CHW, previously trained. Data were collected for: i) baseline (2014; n = 649); ii) intermediate (2015; n = 544); and iii) final (2016; n = 555) periods. The main challenges were related to CHW performance, low participantion in educational meetings and data collection, particulary among rural areas. However, there was training of CHW, greater access to health information for the population and data collection that make it possible to know the profile of a population of a small city
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Población Rural , Educación en Salud , Agentes Comunitarios de Salud , Participación de la Comunidad , Actividad MotoraRESUMEN
O objetivo do presente trabalho foi realizar revisão sistemática com metanálise dos estudos sobre efeitos fisiológicos da prática de exergames, a fim de compará-las quando realizadas de maneira convencional. As buscas foram realizadas nas bases eletrônicas: PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar e a revista Games For Health Journal, utilizando os seguintes descritores ou termos: "health video game" OR "active video game" AND "energy expenditure"; exergam* AND "physical activity"; exergam* AND comparison; exergam* compared to real; exergam* AND "real game"; exergam* AND "real sports". Para serem incluídos, além de serem originais, os artigos também deveriam comparar a realização das atividades convencionais igualmente efetivadas com exergame (EXG). Foram encontrados 2.928 estudos que abordaram a temática. Após avaliação por títulos, 13 artigos foram excluídos por serem duplicatas. No total foram lidos 20 resumos, no entanto, selecionamos apenas sete para entrar na revisão. Além disso, três estudos localizados nas listas de referências foram incluídos. Os estudos que passaram pelos filtros de análise acabaram submetidos à escala PEDro, para mensuração de qualidade metodológica. A metanálise apontou não haver diferença significativa, entre atividades com EXG e atividades convencionais, para frequência cardíaca (p = 0,248), percepção subjetiva de esforço (p = 0,295), gasto energético (p = 0,664) e consumo de oxigênio (p = 0,455). Desta maneira, conclui-se que não há diferença para as variáveis apresentadas em ambas as atividades propostas.
The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review and metanalysis on the physiological effects of exergames practice compared to the same activities performed in a conventional manner. Therefore, a search was made in the databases PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar and Games For Health magazine using the following descriptors or terms "health video game" oR "active video game" AND "energy expenditure"; exergam * AND "physical activity"; exergam * AND comparison; exergam * Compared to real; exergam * AND "real game"; exergam * AND "real sports". To be included in the review, studies should be original articles and rely on activities performed with active videogames, namely exergames (EXG), which should be compared with the same conventional activities. An amount of 2928 studies were found. After title evaluation, 13 studies were excluded for duplication, lasting 20 titles. After abstract's evaluation, 7 titles were selected for entering this study. Besides, 3 other studies were found in reference lists and were included.Studies passed by search filters were submitted to PEDro scale for methodological quality evaluation. Metanalysis showed no significant differences for heart rate (p=0.248), rating of perceived exertion (p=0.295), energy expenditure (p=0.664) and oxygen uptake (p=0.455) between EXG and conventional activities. In conclusion, there are no differences between activities with EXG and the same activities realized in a conventional manner on heart rate, rate of perceived exertion, energy expenditure and oxygen consumption.
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Consumo de Oxígeno , Metaanálisis , Juegos de Video , Metabolismo Energético , Actividad MotoraRESUMEN
O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a aptidão física de competidoras de ginástica rítmica (GR), e comparar o desempenho segundo categoria competitiva, considerando maturação e tempo de treinamento. A amostra foi composta por 33 ginastas, sendo 12 pré-infantis, 14 juvenis e 7 adultas, das quais foram coletadas informações sobre maturação, tempo de treinamento e antropometria. Ainda, aplicaram-se testes de i) flexibilidade para extensão de coluna, cintura escapular, flexão e extensão coxo-femoral; ii) equilíbrio estático e dinâmico, iii) potência de membros superiores (PMMSS) e de membros inferiores (PMMII). Em relação às características gerais de treino, as atletas pré-infantis praticam GR há 2,83±1,57 anos, as juvenis há 6,43±2,41 anos e as adultas há 10±3,37 anos, com diferenças entre o primeiro grupo e os demais (p<0,05). Em referência à quantidade de treinos semanais, as pré-infantis treinam 3,25±0,75 vezes por semana, as juvenis 5,07±1,07 dias e as adultas, 4,71±0,76 treinos. Neste contexto, 92% das pré-infantis cumprem entre 2 e 4 horas por treino. Entre as juvenis, 43% treinam entre 2 e 4 horas e 57% fazem mais de 4 horas. Já na categoria adulta, 85% treinam entre 2 e 4 horas e 15% treinam mais de 4 horas. Dentre os principais resultados, destacam-se menores valores da PMMII e equilíbrio na categoria pré-infantil e valores superiores de PMMSS na categoria adulta. O grupo pré-infantil obteve resultados inferiores de equilíbrio e flexibilidade ao ser comparado com as demais categorias. Quanto ao somatotipo, as categorias pré-infantil e juvenil tiveram suas maiores médias encontradas para ectomorfia, enquanto entre adultas, destacou-se o componente mesomórfico.
The aim of this study was to assess physical fitness of competing rhythmic gymnasts and to compare the performance according to competitive category considering maturation and training time. The study comprised 33 gymnasts, including 12 junior, 14 juvenile and 7 senior and information was collected about maturation, training time and anthropometry. In addition, tests were applied regarding i) flexibility of lumbar spine extension, shoulder girdle, hip flexion and extension; ii) static and dynamic balance, iii) lower and upper limbs power. In this context 92% of junior between 2 and 4 hours per session. 43% of juvenile athletes train between 2 and 4 hours and 57% more than 4 hours. In the adult category 85% train between 2 and 4 hours and 15% train more than 4 hours. The main results showed lower values of lower limbs power and balance to the junior category and high values in upper limbs power to the senior category. Regarding the general characteristics of training, junior athletes practice rhythmic gymnastics for 2,83±1,57, juvenile for 6,43±2,41 years and seniors for 10±3,37 years with differences between the first group and the others (p<0,05). About the amount of weekly training, younger athletes train 3,25±0,75, juvenile 5,07±1,07 days and seniors 4,71±0,76 times per week. The junior group showed lower results of balance and flexibility when compared to other categories. Considering somatotype, junior and juvenile categories showed their highest mean values for the ectomorphy while the mesomorphic component was highlighted among adults.