RESUMEN
Patient-specific fabrication of scaffold/implant requires an engineering approach to manufacture the ideal scaffold. Herein, we design and 3D print scaffolds comprised of polyether-ether-ketone (PEEK) and sodium-carboxymethyl cellulose (Na-CMC). The fabricated scaffold was dip coated with Zn and Mn doped bioactive glass nanoparticles (Zn-Mn MBGNs). The synthesized ink exhibit suitable shear-thinning behavior for direct ink write (DIW) 3D printing. The scaffolds were crafted with precision, featuring 85% porosity, 0.3 mm layer height, and 1.5 mm/s printing speed at room temperature. Scanning electron microscopy images reveal a well-defined scaffold with an average pore size of 600 ± 30 µm. The energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis confirmed a well dispersed/uniform coating of Zn-Mn MBGNs on the PEEK/Na-CMC scaffold. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy approved the presence of PEEK, CMC, and Zn-Mn MBGNs. The tensile test revealed a Young's modulus of 2.05 GPa. Antibacterial assays demonstrate inhibition zone against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia Coli strains. Chick Chorioallantoic Membrane assays also present significant angiogenesis potential, owing to the antigenic nature of Zn-Mn MBGNs. WST-8 cell viability assays depicted cell proliferation, with a 103% viability after 7 days of culture. This study suggests that the PEEK/Na-CMC scaffolds coated with Zn-Mn MBGNs are an excellent candidate for osteoporotic fracture treatment. Thus, the fabricated scaffold can offer multifaceted properties for enhanced patient outcomes in the bone tissue regeneration.
Asunto(s)
Benzofenonas , Carboximetilcelulosa de Sodio , Vidrio , Cetonas , Manganeso , Nanopartículas , Polietilenglicoles , Polímeros , Impresión Tridimensional , Staphylococcus aureus , Andamios del Tejido , Zinc , Porosidad , Benzofenonas/química , Vidrio/química , Cetonas/química , Cetonas/farmacología , Andamios del Tejido/química , Staphylococcus aureus/efectos de los fármacos , Carboximetilcelulosa de Sodio/química , Nanopartículas/química , Zinc/química , Zinc/farmacología , Polímeros/química , Manganeso/química , Polietilenglicoles/química , Antibacterianos/química , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Animales , Escherichia coli/efectos de los fármacos , Ensayo de Materiales , HumanosRESUMEN
Additive manufacturing can develop regenerative scaffolds for wound healing. 3D printing offers meticulous porosity, mechanical integrity, cell adhesion and cost-effectiveness. Herein, we prepared ink composed of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), collagen, and oregano extract for the fabrication of tissue constructs. The blend was optimized to form a homogeneous ink and rheological characterization demonstrated shear thinning behavior. The scaffolds were printed using Direct Ink Write (DIW) at a flow speed of 4â¯mm3/s and a layer height of 0.18â¯mm. The fabricated scaffolds demonstrated an ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and toughness of 730â¯KPa and 2.72â¯MJ/m3, respectively. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) revealed an average pore size of 300⯱â¯30⯵m. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis confirmed that all materials were present. The contact angle of the composite scaffold was 68o⯱â¯1o. Moreover, the scaffolds presented 82â¯% mass loss (degradation) in phosphate buffer saline (PBS) over 14â¯days. The composite scaffold exhibited inhibition zones of 9â¯mm and 12â¯mm against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, respectively. The PVP/CMC/collagen/oregano 3D printed scaffolds exhibited excellent biocompatibility with the mesenchymal stem cells confirmed by water-soluble tetrazolium - 8 (WST-8) ass (test conducted for 7â¯days). Thus, confirming suitability for the potential wound healing application.