Antithrombotic treatment during coronary angioplasty after failed thrombolysis: strategies and prognostic implications. Results of the RESPIRE registry.

BACKGROUND: Thrombolysis is still used when primary angioplasty is delayed for a long time, but 25%-30% of patients require rescue angioplasty (RA). There are no established recommendations for antithrombotic management in RA. This registry analyzes regimens for antithrombotic management. METHODS: A retrospective, multicenter, observational registry of consecutive patients treated with RA at 8 hospitals. All variables were collected and follow-up took place at 6 months. RESULTS: The study included 417 patients. Antithrombotic therapy in RA was: no additional drugs 22.3%, unfractionated heparin (UFH) 36.6%, abciximab 15.5%, abciximab plus UFH 10.5%, bivalirudin 5.7%, enoxaparin 4.3%, and others 4.7%. Outcomes at 6 months were: mortality 9.1%, infarction 3.3%, definite or probable stent thrombosis 4.3%, revascularization 1.9%, and stroke 0.5%. Mortality was related to cardiogenic shock, age > 75 years, and anterior location. The stent thrombosis rate was highest with bivalirudin (12.5% at 6 months). The incidence of bleeding at admission was high (14.8%), but most cases were not severe (82% BARC ≤2). Variables independently associated with bleeding were: femoral access (OR 3.30; 95% CI 1.3-8.3: p = 0.004) and post-RA abciximab infusion (OR 2.26; 95% CI 1.02-5: p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: Antithrombotic treatment regimens in RA vary greatly, predominant strategies consisting of no additional drugs or UFH 70 U/kg. No regimen proved predictive of mortality, but bivalirudin was related to more stent thrombosis. There was a high incidence of bleeding, associated with post-RA abciximab infusion and femoral access.

Primary Angioplasty in Patients Older Than 75 Years. Profile of Patients and Procedures, Outcomes, and Predictors of Prognosis in the ESTROFA IM+75 Registry.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: The proportion of elderly patients undergoing primary angioplasty is growing. The present study describes the clinical profile, procedural characteristics, outcomes, and predictors of outcome. METHODS: A 31-center registry of consecutive patients older than 75 years treated with primary angioplasty. Clinical and procedural data were collected, and the patients underwent clinical follow-up. RESULTS: The study included 3576 patients (39.3% women, 48.5% with renal failure, 11.5% in Killip III or IV, and 29.8% with>6hours of chest pain). Multivessel disease was present in 55.4% and nonculprit lesions were additionally treated in 24.8%. Radial access was used in 56.4%, bivalirudin in 11.8%, thromboaspiration in 55.9%, and drug-eluting stents in 26.6%. The 1-month and 2-year incidences of cardiovascular death were 10.1% and 14.7%, respectively. The 2-year rates of definite or probable thrombosis, repeat revascularization, and BARC bleeding>2 were 3.1%, 2.3%, and 4.2%, respectively. Predictive factors were diabetes mellitus, renal failure, atrial fibrillation, delay to reperfusion>6hours, ejection fraction<45%, Killip class III-IV, radial access, bivalirudin, drug-eluting stents, final TIMI flow of III, and incomplete revascularization at discharge. CONCLUSIONS: Notable registry findings include frequently delayed presentation and a high prevalence of adverse factors such as renal failure and multivessel disease. Positive procedure-related predictors include shorter delay, use of radial access, bivalirudin, drug-eluting stents, and complete revascularization before discharge.

Effectiveness and safety beyond 10 years of percutaneous transluminal septal ablation in hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Percutaneous transluminal septal ablation is an alternative treatment in patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy. However, due to the relatively new introduction of this technique, there is no information on its very long term results (>10 years). METHODS: The present study included consecutive patients treated in 5 centers between 1998 and 2003. We analyzed clinical, hemodynamic, and echocardiographic data at baseline and follow-up. RESULTS: A total of 45 patients were included; there were 31 (69%) women, the mean age was 62.4 (14) years, and 39 patients (86.6%) showed functional class III or IV. Septal thickness was 21.8 (3.5) mm, the peak resting gradient on echocardiography was 77 (39) mmHg, and mitral regurgitation was at least moderate in 22 patients (48.8%). During hospitalization, permanent pacemaker implantation was required in 3 patients and ventricular perforation (by pacing lead) occurred in 1 patient, requiring surgery. After a follow-up of 12.3 years (11.0-13.5 years), 2 patients (4.4%) died from cardiac causes (heart failure and posttransplantation), 3 patients required an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (1 for primary prevention and 2 due to sustained ventricular tachycardia after cardiac surgery), and 2 underwent cardiac surgery (due to endocarditis and mitral regurgitation). In the last clinical review, functional class was I-II in 39 patients (86.6%) (P<.0001), the peak resting gradient was 16 (23) mmHg (P<.0001), and mitral regurgitation was absent or mild in 34 patients (75.5%) (P<.03). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study suggest that septal ablation is safe and effective in the very long term. The procedure was not associated with a significant incidence of sudden death or symptomatic ventricular arrhythmias.

Initial experience of percutaneous treatment of mitral regurgitation with MitraClip® therapy in Spain.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Symptomatic mitral regurgitation has an unfavorable prognosis unless treated by surgery. However, the European registry of valvular heart disease reports that 49% of patients with this condition do not undergo surgery. Percutaneous treatment of mitral regurgitation with MitraClip® has been proved a safe, efficient adjunct to medical treatment in patients with this profile. The objective of the present study is to describe initial experience of MitraClip® therapy in Spain. METHODS: Retrospective observational study including all patients treated between November 2011 and July 2013 at the 4 Spanish hospitals recording the highest numbers of implantations. RESULTS: A total of 62 patients (77.4% men) were treated, mainly for restrictive functional mitral regurgitation (85.4%) of grade III (37%) or grade IV (63%), mean (standard deviation) ejection fraction 36% (14%), and New York Heart Association functional class III (37%) or IV (63%). Device implantation was successful in 98% of the patients. At 1 year, 81.2% had mitral regurgitation ≤ 2 and 90.9% were in New York Heart Association functional class ≤ II. One periprocedural death occurred (sepsis at 20 days post-implantation) and another 3 patients died during follow-up (mean, 9.1 months). Two patients needed a second implantation due to partial dehiscence of the first device and 2 others underwent heart transplantation. CONCLUSIONS: In Spain, MitraClip® therapy has principally been aimed at patients with functional mitral regurgitation, significant systolic ventricular dysfunction, and high surgical risk. It is considered a safe alternative treatment, which can reduce mitral regurgitation and improve functional capacity.

Clinical impact of intravascular ultrasound guidance in drug-eluting stent implantation for unprotected left main coronary disease: pooled analysis at the patient-level of 4 registries.

OBJECTIVES: This study sought to investigate the clinical impact of the use of intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) during revascularization of patients with left main coronary artery (LM) disease with drug-eluting stents (DES). BACKGROUND: Whether the use of IVUS during the procedure adds a clinical benefit remains unclear. There is only 1 previous observational study, with relevant limitations, supporting the value of this strategy. METHODS: We performed a patient-level pooled analysis of 4 registries of patients with LM disease treated with DES in Spain. A propensity score-matching method was used to obtain matched pairs of patients with and without IVUS guidance. RESULTS: A total of 1,670 patients were included, and 505 patients (30.2%) underwent DES implantation under IVUS guidance (IVUS group). By means of the matching method, 505 patients without the use of IVUS during revascularization were selected (no-IVUS group). Survival free of cardiac death, myocardial infarction, and target lesion revascularization at 3 years was 88.7% in the IVUS group and 83.6% in the no-IVUS group (p = 0.04) for the overall population, and 90% and 80.7%, respectively (p = 0.03), for the subgroups with distal LM lesions. The incidence of definite and probable thrombosis was significantly lower in the IVUS group (0.6% vs. 2.2%; p = 0.04). Finally, IVUS-guided revascularization was identified as an independent predictor for major adverse events in the overall population (hazard ratio: 0.70, 95% confidence interval: 0.52 to 0.99; p = 0.04) and in the subgroup with distal lesions (hazard ratio: 0.54, 95% confidence interval: 0.34 to 0.90; p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this pooled analysis show an association of IVUS guidance during percutaneous coronary intervention with better outcomes in patients with LM disease undergoing revascularization with DES.

Angioplastia primaria en mayores de 75 años. Perfil de pacientes y procedimientos, resultados y predictores pronósticos en el registro ESTROFA IM + 75 / Primary angioplasty in patients older than 75 years. profile of patients and procedures, outcomes, and predictors of prognosis in the ESTROFA IM + 75 registry

Introducción y objetivos: La proporción de pacientes de edad avanzada que se someten a angioplastia primaria está creciendo. Este estudio describe el perfil clínico, las características de los procedimientos, la evolución y los predictores pronósticos. Métodos: Registro en 31 centros de pacientes consecutivos mayores de 75 años tratados con angioplastia primaria. Se recogieron variables clínicas y del procedimiento y se efectuó seguimiento clínico. Resultados: Se incluyó a 3.576 pacientes (el 39,3% mujeres, el 48,5% con insuficiencia renal, el 11,5% en Killip III o IV y el 29,8% con más de 6 h de dolor). El 55,4% presentaba enfermedad multivaso y al 24,8% se les trató además lesiones no culpables. Se utilizó vía radial en el 56,4%, bivalirudina en el 11,8%, aspiración de trombo en el 55,9% y stents farmacoactivos en el 26,6%. La incidencia de muerte cardiaca al mes era del 10,1% y a los 2 años, del 14,7%. A los 2 años la trombosis definitiva o probable era del 3,1%; la revascularización de lesión tratada, del 2,3% y las hemorragias BARC > 2, del 4,2%. Los predictores pronósticos fueron: diabetes mellitus, insuficiencia renal, fibrilación auricular, retraso > 6 h, fracción de eyección < 45%, clase Killip III-IV, vía radial, bivalirudina, stents farmacoactivos, flujo final TIMI III y revascularización incompleta al alta. Conclusiones: En este registro destaca el frecuente retraso en la presentación y la alta prevalencia de factores adversos como la insuficiencia renal o la enfermedad multivaso. Se identificaron como factores protectores relacionados con el procedimiento el menor retraso, el uso de vía radial, la bivalirudina, los stents farmacoactivos y la revascularización completa antes del alta (AU)

Introduction and objectives: The proportion of elderly patients undergoing primary angioplasty is growing. The present study describes the clinical profile, procedural characteristics, outcomes, and predictors of outcome. Methods: A 31-center registry of consecutive patients older than 75 years treated with primary angioplasty. Clinical and procedural data were collected, and the patients underwent clinical follow-up. Results: The study included 3576 patients (39.3% women, 48.5% with renal failure, 11.5% in Killip III or IV, and 29.8% with > 6 hours of chest pain). Multivessel disease was present in 55.4% and nonculprit lesions were additionally treated in 24.8%. Radial access was used in 56.4%, bivalirudin in 11.8%, thromboaspiration in 55.9%, and drug-eluting stents in 26.6%. The 1-month and 2-year incidences of cardiovascular death were 10.1% and 14.7%, respectively. The 2-year rates of definite or probable thrombosis, repeat revascularization, and BARC bleeding > 2 were 3.1%, 2.3%, and 4.2%, respectively. Predictive factors were diabetes mellitus, renal failure, atrial fibrillation, delay to reperfusion > 6 hours, ejection fraction < 45%, Killip class III-IV, radial access, bivalirudin, drug-eluting stents, final TIMI flow of III, and incomplete revascularization at discharge. Conclusions: Notable registry findings include frequently delayed presentation and a high prevalence of adverse factors such as renal failure and multivessel disease. Positive procedure-related predictors include shorter delay, use of radial access, bivalirudin, drug-eluting stents, and complete revascularization before discharge (AU)

Eficacia y seguridad a más de 10 años de la ablación septal percutánea en la miocardiopatía hipertrófica obstructiva / Effectiveness and Safety Beyond 10 Years of Percutaneous Transluminal Septal Ablation in Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy

Introducción y objetivos La ablación septal percutánea es una alternativa terapéutica en la miocardiopatía hipertrófica obstructiva. Debido a su introducción relativamente reciente, no hay información sobre eficacia y seguridad a muy largo plazo. Este estudio multicéntrico evalúa sus resultados en seguimiento superior a 10 años. Métodos Se incluyó consecutivamente a pacientes tratados con ablación septal en cinco centros entre 1998 y 2003. Se han analizado datos clínicos, hemodinámicos y ecocardiográficos basales y de seguimiento. Resultados Se ha incluido a 45 pacientes (media de edad, 62,4 ± 14 años), de los que 31 eran mujeres y 39 (86,6%) estaban en clase funcional III - IV . El grosor del septo era 21,8 ± 3,5 mm; el gradiente máximo basal por ecocardiografía, 77 ± 39 mmHg, y la insuficiencia mitral era de grado al menos moderado en 22 pacientes (48,8%). Durante la hospitalización, 3 casos precisaron implante de marcapasos definitivo y 1 paciente sufrió perforación ventricular por electrodo de marcapasos, que requirió cirugía. Tras seguimiento de 12,3 (11,0-13,5) años, 2 pacientes (4,4%) sufrieron muerte cardiaca (insuficiencia cardiaca y postrasplante); 3, implante de desfibrilador automático implantable (1 caso por prevención primaria y 2 por taquicardia ventricular sostenida tras cirugía cardiaca), y 2, cirugía cardiaca (endocarditis e insuficiencia mitral). En la última evaluación clínica, la clase funcional era I - II en 39 (86,6%) (p < 0,0001); el gradiente máximo basal, 16 ± 23 mmHg (p < 0,0001), y la insuficiencia mitral, nula o ligera en 34 pacientes (75,5%) (p < 0,03).Conclusiones Estos resultados a más de 10 años indican seguridad y eficacia a muy largo plazo para la ablación septal. No hubo incidencia significativa de arritmias ventriculares sintomáticas o muerte súbita (AU)

Introduction and objectives: Percutaneous transluminal septal ablation is an alternative treatment in patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy. However, due to the relatively new introduction of this technique, there is no information on its very long term results (>10 years).Methods: The present study included consecutive patients treated in 5 centers between 1998 and 2003.We analyzed clinical, hemodynamic, and echocardiographic data at baseline and follow-up. Results: A total of 45 patients were included; there were 31 (69%) women, the mean age was62.4 (14) years, and 39 patients (86.6%) showed functional class III or IV. Septal thickness was 21.8 (3.5) mm, the peak resting gradient on echocardiography was 77 (39) mmHg, and mitral regurgitation was at least moderate in 22 patients (48.8%). During hospitalization, permanent pacemaker implantation was required in 3 patients and ventricular perforation (by pacing lead) occurred in 1 patient, requiring surgery. After a follow-up of 12.3 years (11.0-13.5 years), 2 patients (4.4%) died from cardiac causes (heart failure and posttransplantation), 3 patients required an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (1 for primary prevention and 2 due to sustained ventricular tachycardia after cardiac surgery), and 2 underwent cardiac surgery (due to endocarditis and mitral regurgitation). In the last clinical review, functional class was I-II in 39 patients (86.6%) (P<.0001), the peak resting gradient was 16 (23) mmHg (P<.0001), and mitral regurgitation was absent or mild in 34 patients (75.5%) (P<.03).Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that septal ablation is safe and effective in the very longterm. The procedure was not associated with a significant incidence of sudden death or symptomatic ventricular arrhythmias (AU)

Experiencia inicial del tratamiento percutáneo de la regurgitación mitral con dispositivo MitraClip ® en España / Initial experience of percutaneoust treatment of mitral regurgitation with mitraClip ® therapy in Spain

Introducción y objetivos. La regurgitación mitral sintomática tiene un pronóstico desfavorable sin tratamiento quirúrgico. Sin embargo, según el registro europeo de enfermedad cardiaca valvular, no se intervino al 49% de los pacientes en esa situación. El tratamiento percutáneo de la regurgitación mitral con MitraClip® se ha demostrado seguro y eficaz añadido al tratamiento médico en este perfil de pacientes. El objetivo de este trabajo es describir la experiencia inicial con MitraClip® en España. Métodos. Estudio observacional retrospectivo que incluye a todos los pacientes tratados desde noviembre 2011 hasta julio 2013 por los cuatro hospitales españoles con mayor número de implantes. Resultados. Se trató a 62 pacientes (el 77,4% varones), principalmente con regurgitación mitral funcional restrictiva (85,4%), de gravedad grado III (37%) o IV (63%), fracción de eyección media del 36 ± 14% y clase funcional de la New York Heart Association III (37%) o IV (63%). En el 98% de los pacientes, se implantó con éxito el dispositivo. Al año, el 81,2% tenía regurgitación mitral ≤ 2 y el 90,9% en clase funcional de la New York Heart Association ≤ II. Hubo un solo caso de mortalidad periprocedimiento (sepsis 20 días después del implante) y otros 3 fallecimientos en el seguimiento (media, 9,1 meses). Fue necesario implantar un nuevo dispositivo por dehiscencia parcial del previo a 2 pacientes y se sometió a trasplante cardiaco a otros 2. Conclusiones. El tratamiento con MitraClip® en España se ha dirigido principalmente a pacientes con insuficiencia mitral funcional, disfunción ventricular sistólica significativa y elevado riesgo quirúrgico, y se perfila como una opción segura de tratamiento con capacidad de reducir la regurgitación mitral y mejorar la capacidad funcional (AU)

Introduction and objectives. Symptomatic mitral regurgitation has an unfavorable prognosis unless treated by surgery. However, the European registry of valvular heart disease reports that 49% of patients with this condition do not undergo surgery. Percutaneous treatment of mitral regurgitation with MitraClip® has been proved a safe, efficient adjunct to medical treatment in patients with this profile. The objective of the present study is to describe initial experience of MitraClip® therapy in Spain. Methods. Retrospective observational study including all patients treated between November 2011 and July 2013 at the 4 Spanish hospitals recording the highest numbers of implantations. Results. A total of 62 patients (77.4% men) were treated, mainly for restrictive functional mitral regurgitation (85.4%) of grade III (37%) or grade IV (63%), mean (standard deviation) ejection fraction 36% (14%), and New York Heart Association functional class III (37%) or IV (63%). Device implantation was successful in 98% of the patients. At 1 year, 81.2% had mitral regurgitation ≤ 2 and 90.9% were in New York Heart Association functional class ≤ II. One periprocedural death occurred (sepsis at 20 days post-implantation) and another 3 patients died during follow-up (mean, 9.1 months). Two patients needed a second implantation due to partial dehiscence of the first device and 2 others underwent heart transplantation. Conclusions. In Spain, MitraClip® therapy has principally been aimed at patients with functional mitral regurgitation, significant systolic ventricular dysfunction, and high surgical risk. It is considered a safe alternative treatment, which can reduce mitral regurgitation and improve functional capacity (AU)