Sudden unexpected intrapartum death and left ventricular noncompaction involving the right ventricle.

Left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC), involving mainly the right ventricle, is a rare form of congenital heart disorder characterized by a developmental arrest in myocardial compaction, resulting in a spongy appearance of the myocardium, mainly of the right ventricle, rarely detected in fetuses. We report the case of a female fetus with a gestational age of 41+4 weeks who came to our attention for intrapartum sudden unexpected death, resulting in stillbirth. The ventricular walls, particularly the right ventricular wall, appeared thick, hypertrabeculated and spongy, leading to the diagnosis of LVNC involving mainly the right ventricle. The atrioventricular node and His bundle presented areas of fetal dispersion and resorptive degeneration; islands of conduction tissue were detected in the central fibrous body. Arcuate nucleus of the brainstem showed bilateral severe hypoplasia. The right bundle branch was hypoplastic. The final cause of death was an electrical conduction disfunction in an LVNC involving mainly the right ventricle. To the best of our knowledge, the herein described case is the first reported observation of sudden intrapartum death from LVNC involving mainly the right ventricle well documented post-mortem with cardiac conduction and brainstem studies. Our findings confirm the need of an accurate post-mortem examination including the study of the cardiac conduction system on serial section in every case of sudden unexpected fetal death, although there are no universally recognized guidelines.

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome "Gray Zone" in Newborn with Pneumonia.

Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) "gray zone" or borderline cases are those in which it is challenging to define whether the pathological findings are sufficiently severe to lead to death. We report a case of a 17-day old male newborn who came to our attention for unexplained death. A complete autopsy was performed, including close examination of the cardiac conduction system. Lungs presented diffuse alveolar damage and chronic interstitial inflammation, the cardiac conduction system showed fetal dispersion, resorptive degeneration, junctional tissue islands and cartilaginous hypermetaplasia of the central fibrous body. The final cause of death was a "gray zone" SIDS. This case report will highlight the intersection of SIDS and pneumonia in newborns, exploring the challenges and controversies surrounding the diagnosis and management of this complex condition.

Fatal hemorrhage from peripheral varicose vein rupture

ABSTRACT Varix of the lower extremities is a common entity that eventually presents fatal outcome. Fatal massive bleeding due to rupture of a peripheral varicose vein is rare. The estimated incidence of these cases is 1/1000 autopsies. The case we present is unique among 26,054 autopsies performed in Milan from 1993 to 2020. It describes the investigations carried out in the suspicion of a non-natural event in an elderly woman. She was found dead at home with a large volume of blood near her feet that drained from the right leg. Pathological examination disclosed that the hemorrhage occurred by the rupture of a venous varix of the lower limb. Cases of fatal hemorrhage from peripheral variceal rupture are insidious and require proper characterization. The bloodstain pattern analysis, careful autopsy dissection by layers to demonstrate the rupture, and histologic examination of the lesion are the essential elements to find out the actual cause of death.

Fatal hemorrhage from peripheral varicose vein rupture

Varix of the lower extremities is a common entity that eventually presents fatal outcome. Fatal massive bleeding due to rupture of a peripheral varicose vein is rare. The estimated incidence of these cases is 1/1000 autopsies. The case we present is unique among 26,054 autopsies performed in Milan from 1993 to 2020. It describes the investigations carried out in the suspicion of a non-natural event in an elderly woman. She was found dead at home with a large volume of blood near her feet that drained from the right leg. Pathological examination disclosed that the hemorrhage occurred by the rupture of a venous varix of the lower limb. Cases of fatal hemorrhage from peripheral variceal rupture are insidious and require proper characterization. The bloodstain pattern analysis, careful autopsy dissection by layers to demonstrate the rupture, and histologic examination of the lesion are the essential elements to find out the actual cause of death.