[Cell engineering in the treatment of diabetes mellitus: current state and prospectives].

The article is dedicated to the current state and prospectives of cell engineering in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. The material is based on the analysis of clinical trials in which cell engineering has been applied for the treatment of diabetes mellitus and its complications. It has been shown that despite the decade of intensive research the clinically significant results have not been achieved yet. At the same time the fast growth of the number of publications in the field testified to intensity of basic and applied research and the large quantity of ongoing clinical trials on the topic make it possible to. look at the prospectives of the employment of cell engineering in the treatment of diabetes mellitus with a certain optimism.

[Medical Service of the Lithuanian Armed Forces].

The article is a brief description of the current state of Lithuanian Armed Forces medical service and is based on the study of the open access foreign sources. At the beginning, the general information about Lithuania, its Armed Forces, and their, medical service is presented. Then the medical service particular features are described, with more detail, namely, the organization of the inpatient and outpatient treatment, medical supply, scientific research, combat medicine, medical staff education and training, medical service personnel income.

[Electronic textbooks and libraries abroad].

Electronic textbooks and libraries abroad. - The current article presents a brief analysis of the modern state and perspectives of electronic textbooks and libraries abroad. The material is based on the open access foreign internet sources. Using particular examples it has been shown that despite a long history of electronic textbooks and libraries development, the latter remains at the very early stage. The bureaucratic attempts to speed up this process result in costly failures. It is necessary a painstaking and cautious work in the mode of scientific practical experiment to give electronic textbooks and libraries a chance to make worthy contribution into the progress of training, education and culture.

[Medical provision in the Arctic: 2015].

The current article is a brief review of the, 2015 foreign scientific publications dedicated to medical provision in the Arctic. The review begins from the problem of water supply. Then the publications from the field offood supply, epidemiology and infectious diseases, suicide, and telemedicine are reviewed in a shorter manner. In conclusion it is pointed out that diversity and uniqueness of the Arctic medicine problems require complex approach for' the problems solution which can be accomplished by establishing a specialized scientific practical center.

Medical Service of the Polish Armed Forces.

The article is a brief description of the current state of Polish Armed Forces medical service and is based on the study of open access foreign sources. At the beginning, general information about Poland, its Aimed Forces, and their medical service is presented. Then the medical service particular features are described with more detail, namely, the organization of the inpatient and outpatient treatment, medical supply, scientific research, combat medicine, medical staff education and training, medical service personnel income.

Effectiveness of infrared-terahertz radiation with acupuncture in the initial period of ischemic stroke.

Effectiveness of infrared-terahertz radiation with acupuncture in the initial period of ischemic stroke. This article presents the data of observational retrospective clinical investigation aiming at generalization of the experience of usage of infrared terahertz radiation combined with acupuncture for treatment of the patients in the initial period of ischemic stroke. The experimental group contained 30 patients which had various clinical problems at the initial period of hospitalization. The attempts to dissolve these problems within the acceptable period of time employing domestic and international standard treatment approaches failed. The control group consisted of 31 patients with uncomplicated course of stroke. The patients of the experimental group in addition to the standard treatment received infrared terahertz treatment (device ) combined with acupuncture. Despite the fact that the condition of the patients in the experimental group at admission was much serious than in the control group, at the time of discharge the level of functioning of the first group was definitely higher than the second. In 6 months that superiority increased and has been retained during two years of following up. Despite the fact that the employed in the current investigation method has been used for dissolving different clinical problems, it has been resulted in increase of the general level of functioning proved by the dynamics of such an integral criterion as index Barthel. This means that employment of infrared terahertz radiation in the stroke patients possesses the systemic effect. To recommend the discussed method for treatment of all patients in the initial period of stroke as well as its repeated employment during rehabilitation the separate prospective randomized clinical trials should be undertaken.

[Cell engineering in nephrology: The current state and prospectives from the point of view of military medicine].

This article is dedicated to the current state and prospectives of cell engineering in nephrology from the point of view of military medicine. The review is based on publications from January 1, 2014, to June 1, 2015, and consists of two parts. In the first part the main directions of the cell engineering development are mentioned. The only two clinical trials existed in the field are discussed in more detail. The second part deals with prospectives of cell engineering in nephrology. It is shown that currently this field is in the stage of preclinical experimentation. Of the two known clinical trials the first has failed to demonstrate any effectiveness of cell engineering, the second--will be completed only at the end of 2016. Also, the review notes an extraordinary cost of cell engineering experiments in nephrology. The analysis of publications allows to come to a conclusion that the future progress in prevention and treatment of acute kidney injury could go not in the direction of cell engineering but rather non-cell technologies. One of. the practical consequence of such a conclusion is a necessity to continue the improvement of already existing methods of machine renal replacement therapy.

[Medical Service of the Estonian Defense Forces].

The article is a brief description of the current state of the Estonian Defense Forces medical service and is based on the study of the open access foreign sources. At the beginning, the general information about Estonia, its Defense Forces, and their medical service is presented. Then the medical service particular features are described with more detail, namely, the organization of the inpatient and outpatient treatment, medical supply, scientific research, combat medicine, medical staff education and training, medical service personnel income.

[The modern state and improvement prospects of community-acquired pneumonia and pulmonary tuberculosis differential diagnostics].

The current article is dedicated to the modem state and improvement prospects of community-acquired pneumonia and pulmonary tuberculosis differential diagnostics. According to the official domestic statistics pulmonary tuberculosis continues to be a serious problem for the Russian Federation. One of the tuberculosis prevention most important factors is its early diagnostics. Unrecognized pulmonary tuberculosis is the leading factor of the in-hospital tuberculosis dissemination. On the basis of the current international and domestic guidelines it is shown that in order to improve the community-acquired pneumonia and pulmonary tuberculosis differential diagnostics it is necessary to introduce mandatory sputum specimens light-emitting diode microscopy and Xpert-testing of all patients admitted with pulmonary tuberculosis suspecion with airspace opacity/consolidation on chest x-ray as well as their isolation until tuberculosis exclusion.

[The current conceptions of non-pharmacological therapeutic methods capabilities and mechanism of their action].

The current conceptions of non- pharmacological therapeutic methods capabilities and mechanism of their action. The current article demonstrates the modern capabilities of non-pharmacological therapeutic methods on the example of effective use of infrared-terahertz radiation and acupuncture in cases when the standard treatments failed. The first clinical presentation describes the case of successful intervention in the stroke patient on his 18 day of staying in coma. The second presentation dedicates to rehabilitation of a post-stroke patient with hemiparesis and wheelchair use for five years. Then the modern approaches to understanding the employed methods are proposed. The developing concept is based on the idea that the applied therapeutic modalitiy forms an afferent matrix-challenge in the central nervous system to which the latter elaborates the reciprocal efferent matrix-response. In the process of reaction the central nervous system performs a kind of reboot of its system functional connections thus eliminating stagnant pathological dominants and inhibitions. It is proposed to employ the accumulated experience in the conditions of increasing restriction of drugs and medical devices import.

[Medical Service of the Finnish Defence Forces].

Thee article is a brief description of the current state of the Finnish Defence Forces medical service and is based on the study of the open access foreign sources. At the beginning, the general information about Finland, the Finnish Defence Forces, and their medical service is presented. Then some particular features are described with more detail, namely, the organization of the inpatient and outpatient treatment, medical supply, scientific research, combat medicine, medical staff education and training, medical , service personnel income.

[Combined burn trauma in the array of modern civilian and combat burns].

The current article positions the combined burn and non-burn injuries in the general array of civilian and combat burns. For that purpose the official state statistics and scientific medical publications, domestic as well as foreign, have been analyzed. It has been shown that in peace time the combined burn/trauma injuries are infrequent. But the same type of injury becomes routine especially among the civilian population in the conditions of the modern so called "hybrid war". And the medical service should be prepared for it.

[Medical Service of the Latvian National Armed Forces].

The article is a brief description of the current state of the Latvian National Armed Forces medical service and is based on the study of the open access foreign sources. At the beginning, the general information about Latvia, its Armed Forces, and their medical service is presented. Then the medical service particular features are described with more detail, namely, the organization of inpatient and outpatient treatment, medical supply, scientific research, combat medicine, medical staff education and training, medical service personnel income.

[Clinical and organizational way of innovative development of regenerative medicine in security agencies].

The article covers organizational aspects of development of innovative technologies in the field of regenerative medicine. It is shown that for the effective design and implementation into medical practice of regenerative medicine requires a united complex of military health care, military medical research and education. The main goal is to formate a biological insurance of personnel to treat different consequences of radiological incidents, burn disease, identification of the remains of the victims; the maximum returning to action after disturbed as a result of health services. Proposes the creation of "Interdepartmental Clinical Research and Education Center for Regenerative Medicine", combining research, clinical, industrial and educational potential of the leading institutions of various departments that will enhance the national security of the Russian Federation.

[The current state and development prospectives of military nephrology].

This article is dedicated to the current state and prospectives of military nephrology. Using as examples the nephrology services of the armed forces of Serbia, France, Great Britain and USA it is shown that this branch of military healthcare plays an important role abroad. The brief review of military nephrology formation and development history demonstrates the growing significance of military nephrology in the general system of medical care at the battlefield.

[The current state and prospectives of military endocrinology].

The article is dedicated to the current state and prospectives of military endocrinology demonstrated on the examples of the endocrinology services of armed forces of Serbia, Poland, France, and USA. It is shown that this branch of military healthcare receives much attention abroad. The prospectives of military endocrinology are demonstrated in the context of two nosological forms which dominate in this section of military medicine, namely, primary hypothyroidism an diabetes mellitus.

[Medical control over physical training in the US Armed Forces].

The current article elucidates some novel trends in the field of medical control over the physical training process in the US Armed Forces. The high rate of injuries attributed to physical training calls for scientific medical research intensification of the physical training process. The main innovations are the following: avoidance of overtraining, personalization, gradual increase of loading.

[Combat burn injury. The Afghanistan and Iraq military campaign experience].

The current article briefly reviews the experience of combat burns care obtained in the course of 2001-2013 military campaign in Afghanistan and Iraq as it has been covered in the foreign scientific medical publications. The following topics are covered: statistics, the prehospital medical care, aeromedical evacuation, the Burn Center of the US Army Institute of Surgical Research. The new method.of the .initial intravenous infusion rate estimation, so called the "Rule of 10 formula, is marked: At the end, the list of freely available publications summarized the modern combat burns care experience is presented.

[Medical Service of the Norwegian Armed Forces].

The article is a brief description of the current state of the Norwegian Armed Forces medical service and is based on the study of the open access foreign sources. At the beginning, the general information about Norway, the Norwegian Armed Forces, and their medical service is presented: Then some particular features are described with more detail, namely, the organization of the inpatient and outpatient treatment, medical supply, scientific research, combat medicine, medical staff education and training, medical service personnel income.

[Prospective methods of combat burn injury treatment].

The current article briefly reviews the projects of development of combat burn injury treatment as they have been presented in the US Armed Forces Institute of Regenerative Medicine 2013 annual report. Eleven projects have been reviewed, in particular: P12 polypeptide for limiting burn injury progression, gamma keratose gelfor enhancement skin cell survival, starch-polyurethane iodophor dressing effective against the most common burn infection, microorganisms, autologous stem and progenitor cells for single cell cytotransplantation by "skin gun" spray device or 3D skin bioprinting, a bioreactor for skin autotransplant expansion.