Seroprevalence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Among Skilled Nursing Facility Residents and Staff Members-Los Angeles County, August-September 2020.

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of current or past coronavirus disease 2019 in skilled nursing facility (SNF) residents is unknown because of asymptomatic infection and constrained testing capacity early in the pandemic. We conducted a seroprevalence survey to determine a more comprehensive prevalence of past coronavirus disease 2019 in Los Angeles County SNF residents and staff members. METHODS: We recruited participants from 24 facilities; participants were requested to submit a nasopharyngeal swab sample for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing and a serum sample for detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. All participants were cross-referenced with our surveillance database to identify persons with prior positive SARS-CoV-2 results. RESULTS: From 18 August to 24 September 2020, we enrolled 3305 participants (1340 residents and 1965 staff members). Among 856 residents providing serum samples, 362 (42%) had current or past SARS-CoV-2 infection. Of the 346 serology-positive residents, 199 (58%) did not have a documented prior positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR result. Among 1806 staff members providing serum, 454 (25%) had current or past SARS-CoV-2 infection. Of the 447 serology-positive staff members, 353 (79%) did not have a documented prior positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR result. CONCLUSIONS: Past testing practices and policies missed a substantial number of SARS-CoV-2 infections in SNF residents and staff members.

[Prevalence of anemia and iron deficiency in 12 year old school children from Jujuy]. / Prevalencia de anemia y deficiencia de hierro en escolares jujeños de 12 años.

Iron deficiency is highly frequent among adolescents. Its early detection can prevent the development of a ferropenic anemia, a serious condition. The problem has not been well studied in our country. The purpose of this work was to determine the frequency of iron deficiency and anemia in adolescents. The criteria considered were: hematocrit below 38%, b) saturation transferrin below 16%, c) ferritin below 15 ng/ml. The study was carried out in 2265 schoolchildren, 12 years old, of both sexes, in urban and periurban areas in the city of San Salvador de Jujuy (1250 a.s.l.). The following parameters were measured: hematocrit as well as serum iron and total iron binding capacity, both by colorimetric method. Ferritin was measured by ELISA. Anemia was not found. Iron deficiency as estimated by the iron functional component, was found in 25% of girls and 21% of boys and, through iron stores, in 28% of girls and 18% of boys. Iron deficiency stores in both sexes is the more relevant alteration, indicating that the population sample here studied constitutes a highly vulnerable group. The early detection of iron deficiency will help physical and intellectual development so that adequate sanitary policies are necessary for its prevention.

Reflexiones acerca de la Enfermería transcultural / Some thoughts about cross-cultural nursing

Madeleine Leininger, enfermera profesional y antropóloga, centró su teoría a partir de la creencia de que las culturas pueden determinar casi todos los cuidados que deseen o necesiten recibir y que las personas tienen derecho a que sus valores culturales sean conocidos, respetados, comprendidos y usados en los servicios de atención sanitaria y, por supuesto, de Enfermería. Estableció principios, suposiciones y premisas para la atención basada en la comunidad, partiendo de que la atención cultural es el objetivo de las acciones enfermeras para la curación y el bienestar de los individuos y grupos de cultura diversa. Tanto los valores, las creencias y las prácticas de atención cultural estarán influenciados por factores tales como el punto de vista del paciente sobre el mundo, su idioma, filosofía, religión, afinidad política, educación e historia étnica. Estableció como guía visual de su teoría el modelo del sol naciente(los cuidados) que facilitan a las enfermeras y enfermeros el modelo para ver las diferentes áreas que necesitan ser examinadas al valorar y planificar la atención a enfermos de culturas diferentes, concluyendo en que la dimensión transcultural es una alternativa para dar el toque humanístico al cuidado enfermero como etnicidad, religión, inmigración y las diferencias generacionales y regionales (AU)

Madeleine Leininger, professional nurse and anthropologist, focused her theory from the belief that cultures can determine almost all the care they want or need to receive and that people are entitled to have their cultural values made known, respected, understood and used in healthcare services and, of course, in nursing. She established principles, assumptions and premises for community-based care on the basis that cultural attention is the purpose of nursing actions for the healing and well-being of individuals and groups of a diverse culture. The values, beliefs and practices of cultural attention will be influenced by such factors as the patient's perspective on the world, language, philosophy, religion, political affiliation, education and ethnic history. She established as a visual model of her theory of the rising sun (care) that provide nurses with the model to see the different areas that need to be considered when assessing and planning care for patients of different cultures, concluding that the cultural dimension is an alternative to the humanistic touch to nursing care such as ethnicity, religion, immigration and generational and regional differences (AU)

Prevalencia de anemia y deficiencia de hierro en escolares jujeños de 12 años. / [Prevalence of anemia and iron deficiency in 12 year old school children from Jujuy]

Iron deficiency is highly frequent among adolescents. Its early detection can prevent the development of a ferropenic anemia, a serious condition. The problem has not been well studied in our country. The purpose of this work was to determine the frequency of iron deficiency and anemia in adolescents. The criteria considered were: hematocrit below 38

, b) saturation transferrin below 16

, c) ferritin below 15 ng/ml. The study was carried out in 2265 schoolchildren, 12 years old, of both sexes, in urban and periurban areas in the city of San Salvador de Jujuy (1250 a.s.l.). The following parameters were measured: hematocrit as well as serum iron and total iron binding capacity, both by colorimetric method. Ferritin was measured by ELISA. Anemia was not found. Iron deficiency as estimated by the iron functional component, was found in 25

of girls and 21

of boys and, through iron stores, in 28

of girls and 18

of boys. Iron deficiency stores in both sexes is the more relevant alteration, indicating that the population sample here studied constitutes a highly vulnerable group. The early detection of iron deficiency will help physical and intellectual development so that adequate sanitary policies are necessary for its prevention.