Effect of weight-loss diet combined with taurine supplementation on body composition and some biochemical markers in obese women: a randomized clinical trial.

Taurine (Tau), an endogenous non-protein and sulfuric-amino acid, is involved in various biological pathways including anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidation, insulin resistance inhibition, and lipid profile improvement. According to some experimental and clinical studies, insulin resistance and excess body weight are associated with reduced serum level of Tau. Therefore, this study was aimed to evaluate Tau supplementation and a diet-induced weight-loss intervention on body composition and some biochemical indices of obese women. Participants were divided randomly into the intervention (standard weight-loss group + cap Tau 3 g/day for 8 weeks, n = 20) and control (standard weight-loss group + cap placebo for 8 weeks, n = 18) groups. To achieve weight loss, all participants received an individualized diet that included a 30% reduction in their total energy intake. Chi-square test was applied to compare categorical variables between two groups at baseline. Paired t test and independent-sample t test were also used to analyze the parametric continuous data within and between the two groups, respectively. Analysis of covariance was run for controlling the confounding variables. At the post-intervention, the mean changes of total cholesterol (p = 0.03), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p = 0.03), leptin (p = 0. 006), total adiponectin (p = 0.04), and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (p = 0.03) decreased significantly in Tau group compared with the control group. No significant results were found in the mean changes of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, anthropometric measurements, glycemic indices, and liver enzymes between the two groups (p > 0.05). The findings showed that Tau supplementation along with a weight-loss diet may be more effective in improving the lipid profile and metabolic risk factors compared with a weight-loss diet alone.

Effects of Vitamin D and Omega-3 Fatty Acids Co-Supplementation on Inflammatory Factors and Tumor Marker CEA in Colorectal Cancer Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effects of vitamin D and omega-3 fatty acids co-supplementation on inflammatory factors and tumor marker CEA in colorectal cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.Methods: In this study, 81 patients with stage ӀӀ or ӀӀӀ colorectal cancer were randomly assigned into four groups: (1) control: receiving a vitamin D placebo, weekly + two omega-3 fatty acid placebo capsules, daily; (2) omega-3 fatty acid, receiving two omega-3 fatty acid capsules (each capsule containing 330 mg of omega-3 fatty acids), daily + a vitamin D placebo, weekly; (3) vitamin D, receiving a 50,000 IU vitamin D soft gel, weekly + two omega-3 fatty acid placebo capsules, daily; (4) co-supplementation, receiving a 50,000 IU vitamin D soft gel, weekly + two omega-3 fatty acids capsules, for 8 weeks. Before and after the intervention, serum levels of 25(OH)D, TNF-α, IL-1ß, IL-6, IL-8, NF-kB activity, and tumor marker CEA, were measured.Results: After 8 weeks of intervention, patients who received combined vitamin D and omega-3 fatty acids supplements compared with omega-3, vitamin D, and placebo had significantly decreased TNF-α, and IL-1ß (P < .05). In addition, serum levels of TNF-α, IL-1ß, IL-6, IL-8, and tumor marker CEA were decreased significantly in omega-3, vitamin D, and co-supplementation of them, compared with baseline. NF-kB activity was decreased significantly in vitamin D and co-supplementation groups, compared with baseline. Regarding CEA, there was no significant difference between the four groups at the end of intervention (P > .05).Conclusion: Results show that co-supplementation of vitamin D and omega-3 fatty acids co-supplementation, in colorectal cancer patients have beneficial impacts on inflammation and tumor marker CEA.

A hypocaloric high-protein diet supplemented with ß-cryptoxanthin improves non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Despite promising animal data, there is no randomized controlled trial (RCT) on the effects of high protein (HP)-diet and/or ß-cryptoxanthin in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). AIMS: Safety and efficacy assessment of a hypocaloric HP-diet supplemented with ß-cryptoxanthin in NAFLD. METHODS: Ninety-two Iranian NAFLD outpatients were recruited for this 12-week, single-center, parallel-group, double-blind RCT and randomized into 4 arms (n = 23): HP-diet and ß-cryptoxanthin (hypocaloric HP-diet + ß-cryptoxanthin), HP-diet (hypocaloric HP-diet + placebo), ß-cryptoxanthin (standard hypocaloric diet + ß-cryptoxanthin), and control (standard hypocaloric diet + placebo). Serum levels of liver enzymes and grade of hepatic steatosis were assessed at baseline and study endpoint as outcome measures. RESULTS: In the intention-to-treat population (N = 92), HP-diet and ß-cryptoxanthin group experienced greater 12-week reductions in serum levels of liver enzymes than control group (mean difference for alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and gamma-glutamyl transferase: - 27.2, - 7.2, - 39.2, and - 16.3 IU/L, respectively; all p < 0.010). Clinical remission rate (achieving grade 0 hepatic steatosis) in HP-diet and ß-cryptoxanthin group (82.6%) was also higher than other groups (13.0%, 17.4%, and 0.0% in HP-diet, ß-cryptoxanthin, and control groups, respectively; p < 0.001). Sixteen patients reported minor adverse events. CONCLUSION: A hypocaloric HP-diet supplemented with ß-cryptoxanthin safely and efficaciously improves NAFLD. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: This trial was registered at https://www.irct.ir as IRCT2017060210181N10.

The effects of flaxseed supplementation on metabolic status in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized open-labeled controlled clinical trial.

BACKGROUND: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is known as the most common endocrine disorder of women in reproductive ages. With the increasing prevalence of PCOS in different countries, the use of herbal medicine as an alternative treatment is growing in these patients. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of flaxseed powder supplementation on metabolic biomarkers of patients with PCOS. METHODS: This randomized open-labeled controlled clinical trial was conducted on 41 patients with PCOS. The participants were randomized to take either flaxseed powder (30 g/day) plus lifestyle modification or only lifestyle modification for 12 weeks. Anthropometric and biochemical evaluations were performed for all patients at the beginning and end of the study. RESULTS: The flaxseed group showed a significant reduction in body weight, insulin concentration, Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), Triglycerides (TG), high-sensitivity C-Reactive Protein (hs-CRP), and leptin and an increase in Quantitative Insulin-Sensitivity Check Index (QUICKI), High Density Lipoprotein (HDL), and adiponectin compared to the baseline (p < 0.05). Flaxseed supplementation also led to a significant reduction in insulin concentration, HOMA-IR, TG, hs-CRP, Interleukin 6 (IL- 6), and leptin and an increase in QUICKI, HDL, and adiponectin compared to the control group (p < 0.05). No significant changes were observed in other parameters. CONCLUSIONS: Flaxseed supplementation plus lifestyle modification was more effective compared to lifestyle modification alone in biochemical and anthropometric variables in patients with PCOS. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The trial protocol was approved by the Ethics Board at Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences and was registered at Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (code: IRCT20120704010181N11).

The Effects of UVB and Vitamin D on Decreasing Risk of Colorectal Cancer Incidence and Mortality: A Review of the Epidemiology, Clinical Trials, and Mechanisms.

The solar ultraviolet B-vitamin D-cancer hypothesis was first suggested in 1980 based on a geographical ecological study. Since then, several ecological and observational studies, as well as researches of mechanisms have supported the hypothesis. Also, the association between vitamin D condition and cancer risk has been assessed in a number of epidemiologic studies, while data from interventional studies remain scant. In regard of cancer locations, the body of evidence is most substantial for colorectal cancer, for which support comes from studies of 25(OH)D, vitamin D intake, and region of residence in a sunny weather. Collectively evidence demonstrates that vitamin D has a potent and beneficial effect at antagonizing and blocking several mitogenic mechanisms related to tumorigenesis. Taken together with the epidemiological studies and limited clinical trials, individuals may need to consider elevating 25(OH)D levels via sun exposure and/or vitamin D supplementation to decrease risk of colorectal cancer, in addition to standard care, treat cancer.

Blood pressure lowering and anti-inflammatory effects of hesperidin in type 2 diabetes; a randomized double-blind controlled clinical trial.

Elevated levels of reactive oxygen species under diabetic condition lead to vascular complications and inflammation. This study aimed to examine the effects of hesperidin supplement on blood pressure and inflammatory markers in type 2 diabetes. In this research, 64 patients were randomly allocated to receive 500 mg/day hesperidin or placebo capsules for 6 weeks. Data on systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure, serum total antioxidant capacity (TAC), tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 6 (IL-6), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were collected at the baseline and at the end of the study. In the hesperidin group, SBP (122.7 ± 8.5 vs. 119.0 ± 7.4; p = .005), mean arterial blood pressure (94.2 ± 5.5 vs. 91.8 ± 5.5; p = .009), IL-6 (8.3 ± 2.1 vs. 7.4 ± 1.8; p = .001), and hs-CRP (1.9 ± 1.2 vs. 1.1 ± 0.9; p < .000) decreased whereas TAC increased (0.74 ± 0.1 vs. 0.82 ± 0.1; p < .000) in comparison to the baseline values. There was a significant difference in mean percent change of SBP, diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial blood pressure, serum TAC, and inflammatory markers (tumor necrosis factor alpha, IL-6, and hs-CRP) between hesperidin and control groups following intervention in adjusted models (p < .05). These results suggest that hesperidin may have antihypertensive and anti-inflammatory effects in type 2 diabetes.

Effect of whey protein supplementation on levels of endocannabinoids and some of metabolic risk factors in obese women on a weight-loss diet: a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Besides the effects of dietary long chain PUFA on circulating endocannabinoids concentrations, the impact of other nutrients on these system is not known and, whether changes in plasma endocannabinoids levels correlated with changes in body composition and biochemical metabolic risk factors in obese individuals, however, still remains to be characterized. METHODS: We will conduct a 2 months' open label, parallel-group, randomized controlled trial to determine the effect of whey protein supplementation on levels of endocannabinoids, glycemic and lipid profile, inflammatory factors, adipocytokines and body composition in 60 premenopausal obese women on a weight-loss diet. CONCLUSION: Due to strong relationship between endocannabinoids level and insulin resistance and obesity, in this trial, we will illustrate the other benefits of weight loss diet on health and metabolic risk factors. Also for the first, the effects of simultaneous weight loss diet and whey protein supplementation on these variables will be determined. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials IRCT2017021410181N8 .

Hesperidin Supplementation Alleviates Oxidative DNA Damage and Lipid Peroxidation in Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial.

This study aimed to examine the effects of hesperidin supplement on the glycemic parameters, oxidative DNA damage, and lipid peroxidation in patients with type 2 diabetes. Sixty-four patients were randomly allocated to receive 500 mg/day hesperidin or placebo capsules for 6 weeks. Data on glycemic parameters, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHDG), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were collected at the baseline and at the end of the study. In hesperidin group, TAC increased (0.74 ± 0.16 vs. 0.82 ± 0.18), while serum froctoseamin (5.79 ± 5.86 vs. 5.01 ± 4.95; p = 0.001), 8-OHDG (14.32 ± 6.4 vs. 11.00 ± 7.0; p = 0.000), and MDA (5.78 ± 1.76 vs. 4.60 ± 0.75; p = 0.000) decreased in comparison with the baseline values. There was a significant difference in percent change of TAC (13.35 ± 19.21 vs. 3.13 ± 10.02; p = 0.043), froctoseamin (-10.10 ± 16.84 vs. 4.27 ± 34.646), 8-OHDG (-25.11 ± 28.23 vs. 8.69 ± 35.41; p = 0.000), and MDA (-16.46 ± 18.04 vs. -1.82 ± 22.63; p = 0.007) between hesperidin and control groups following intervention in adjusted models. These results suggest that hesperidin may improve TAC and alleviate serum froctoseamin, 8-OHDG, and MDA levels in type 2 diabetes. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Association between Serum Vitamin D Level and Glycemic and Inflammatory Markers in Non-obese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.

BACKGROUND: Low serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D) has been shown to correlate with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The objective of this study was to investigate the association between serum 25(OH)D and glycemic and inflammatory markers in non-obese patients with T2DM. METHODS: Eighty-four non-obese patients with T2DM were recruited in this cross-sectional study. Demographic, anthropometric, and dietary information was obtained from all the participants. The serum concentrations of glucose, HbA1C, insulin, 25(OH)D, and inflammatory markers including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were measured. A homeostatic model of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was also evaluated. RESULTS: The mean serum concentration of 25(OH)D was 11.01±5.55 ng/mL. Severe deficiency, deficiency, and insufficiency of vitamin D were detected in 60.71%, 35.72%, and 3.57% of the participants, respectively. The results showed that those in the lowest group of serum 25(OH)D had significantly higher TNF-α than did those in the highest group (P=0.026). Although the association between serum 25(OH)D and fasting blood sugar and TNF-α was statistically significant (P=0.049 and P=0.044, respectively), the other glycemic markers and hs-CRP did not have any significant relationships with 25(OH)D. CONCLUSION: According to the high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in the diabetic patients and the inverse relationship between serum 25(OH)D and fasting blood sugar and TNF-α in this study, vitamin D status may be a determining factor of systemic inflammation in patients with T2DM. Further studies with larger sample sizes are suggested in this regard.

Effects of Sesame Butter (Ardeh) versus Sesame Oil on Metabolic and Oxidative Stress Markers in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats.

BACKGROUND: Diabetes is one of the most common metabolic disorders and is related to oxidative-stress-induced diseases. Given the role of dietary antioxidants in the control and prevention of diabetes, this study aimed to examine the effects of sesame butter versus sesame oil on the serum levels of glucose, lipid profile, and oxidative stress biomarkers in diabetic rats. METHODS: Forty male albino rats of Wistar strain were randomly divided into 4 groups (i.e., nondiabetic control rats, diabetic rats, diabetic rats treated with sesame butter, and diabetic rats treated with sesame oil). Experimental diabetes was induced with an intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (55 mg/kg). Sesame butter (1.25 g/kg) and sesame oil (0.5 g/kg) were given by oral gavage to the diabetic rats for 6 weeks. Finally, serum glucose, lipid profile, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured and analyzed statistically. RESULTS: Our data showed that the diabetic groups treated with sesame butter and sesame oil had significantly lower levels of glucose and higher levels of high-density lipoprotein than did the diabetic control group at the end of the study (P<0.05). Sesame butter supplementation also increased TAC and decreased MDA concentrations significantly in the diabetic rats (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The antihyperglycemic, antioxidative, and partly lipid-lowering effects of sesame butter make it an excellent candidate for future human studies on diabetes, although further research is needed to determine the exact dose and duration of supplementation.

Effects of probiotic yogurt consumption on lipid profile in type 2 diabetic patients: A randomized controlled clinical trial.

BACKGROUND: Alteration in plasma lipid and lipoprotein profile has been documented in diabetic patients. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of probiotic and conventional yogurt on lipid profile in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 44 patients with type 2 diabetes aged 30-60 years old who had low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) ≥100 mg/dl enrolled in this randomized, double - blind controlled trial and were assigned to two intervention and control groups. The subjects in the intervention group consumed 300 g/d probiotic yogurt containing Lactobacillus acidophilus La-5 and Bifidobacterium lactis Bb-12 and subjects in the control group consumed 300 g/d conventional yogurt for 8 weeks. Anthropometric indices, dietary intake, and serum lipid profile were evaluated at the beginning and end of the intervention. Independent-sample t-test, paired sample t-test, ANCOVA, and repeated measures were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The consumption of probiotic yogurt caused significant decrease in LDL-c/high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) ratio (3.13 ± 1.00-2.07 ± 0.71, P = 0.016). The levels of HDL-c were increased significantly (43.66 ± 6.80-50.42 ± 6.64, P = 0.023) in the intervention group postintervention. However, there were no significant differences in triglyceride and total cholesterol levels between two groups postintervention (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: It is suggested that probiotic yogurt consumption may be used as an alternative prevention approach and treatment method to improve dyslipidemia in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Whey Protein Intervention and Inflammatory Factors and Oxidative Stress: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

CONTEXT: Whey protein (WP), a high-biological-value protein contained in milk, may have anti-inflammatory properties and can reduce proinflammatory cytokines; however, the current evidence is inconclusive. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to further investigate the effects of whey protein supplementation on inflammatory factors and oxidative stress in adults. DATA SOURCES: We conducted a comprehensive search up to March 2022 using relevant key words in databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, focusing on randomized controlled trials (RCTs). DATA EXTRACTION: RCTs that examined the impact of WP on C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-6, glutathione, malondialdehyde, and total antioxidant capacity were selected independently by 2 authors. Results were pooled using a random-effects model as weighted mean differences and 95% CIs. DATA ANALYSIS: The results of the present study demonstrated that WP supplementation had no significant effect on the modulation of inflammation and oxidative stress compared with the control. None of the predefined subgroup analyses explained the differences in the effects of WP supplementation on inflammatory factors and oxidative stress. CONCLUSION: This research suggests that WP supplementation had no significant effect on inflammatory factors and oxidative stress. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: PROSPERO registration no. CRD42022325855.

Milk protein concentrate supplementation improved appetite, metabolic parameters, adipocytokines, and body composition in dieting women with obesity: a randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Dairy consumption is associated with many health benefits. However, to our knowledge, no clinical trials examined the effects of milk protein concentrate (MPC) on metabolic health in overweight and obese adults. This study investigated the effect of supplementation with MPC on glycaemic status, lipid profile, biomarkers of inflammation, and anthropometric measurements in women with obesity under a weight loss diet. METHODS: This is a single-blind, open-labelled, parallel-group, randomized trial. Forty-four healthy women with obesity were randomized into a control (n = 22) or MPC (n = 22) group. Participants in the MPC group were supplemented with 30 g of MPC per day for 8 weeks. Both groups were on a calorie-restricted diet plan with 800 Kcal lower intakes than their needs. Blood samples, dietary intake, and body composition were assessed before and after the intervention. RESULTS: MPC group had a significantly lower body mass index (P = 0.009), waist circumference (P = 0.013), fat mass (P = 0.021), appetite score (P = 0.002), fasting blood sugar (P < 0.001), insulin (P = 0.027), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P = 0.025), and leptin (P = 0.014) levels and higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P = 0.001) and adiponectin (P = 0.032) compared to the control group after supplementation. Lean body mass, total cholesterol, and triglyceride did not differ significantly (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Daily intake of 30 g of MPC for 8 weeks may improve several anthropometric and metabolic markers in women with obesity under a hypocaloric diet.

Effects of Soy Bread on Cardiovascular Risk Factor, Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Women With Active Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Randomized Double-Blind Controlled Trial.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic inflammatory autoimmune disorder with widespread synovitis. Isoflavones, the main active component of soy, have been reported to have potent anti-inflammatory effects; the previous RA animal models showed the promising effect of soy supplementation. We aimed to evaluate the effect of soy bread on inflammatory markers and lipid profiles in RA patients. The present study was designed as a randomized controlled trial. RA patients were randomly allocated to obtain soy bread (n = 22) or placebo bread (n = 22) for 8 weeks. Fasting serum levels of lipid profile, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), C-reactive protein (CRP), and DAS28 were checked. Findings showed that there were no significant differences between the two groups in physical activity and dietary intake at the beginning of the study and the end of the study. There were no significant differences between the two groups in measured lipid profile markers, including high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and very low-density lipoprotein, at the end of the trial. In addition, TAC and CRP also were not significant at the end of the trial between the 2 groups (0.66 and 0.12, respectively). However, the serum levels of TNF-α reduced significantly in the soy bread group at the end of the intervention (p < 0.000) and compared with the control group (p < 0.019). Soy bread consumption only decreased circulating TNF-α serum concentration. Other outcome measures were not changed following supplementation. Future long-term, well-designed studies are needed to confirm these findings. Trial Registration: Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials Identifier: IRCT20181021041396N1.

Assessing the predictive value of insulin resistance indices for metabolic syndrome risk in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.

Limited research has explored the effectiveness of insulin resistance (IR) in forecasting metabolic syndrome (MetS) risk, especially within the Iranian population afflicted with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The present investigation aimed to assess the efficacy of IR indices in predicting the risk of MetS among T2DM patients. Convenient sampling was utilized to select four hundred subjects with T2DM. Metabolic factors and IR indices, including the Waist Circumference-Triglyceride Index (WTI), Triglyceride and Glucose Index (TyG index), the product of TyG index and abdominal obesity indices, and the Metabolic Score for Insulin Resistance (METS-IR), were evaluated. Logistic regression, coupled with modeling, was employed to explore the risk of MetS. The predictive performance of the indices for MetS stratified by sex was evaluated via receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and estimation of the area under the curve (AUC) values. The TyG-Waist Circumference (TyG-WC) index exhibited the largest AUCs in both males (0.91) and females (0.93), while the TyG-Body Mass Index (TyG-BMI) demonstrated the smallest AUCs (0.77 in males and 0.74 in females). All indices significantly predicted the risk of MetS in all subjects before and after adjustment (p < 0.001 for all). The TyG-WC index demonstrated the highest odds ratios for MetS (8.06, 95% CI 5.41-12.00). In conclusion, all IR indices assessed in this study effectively predicted the risk of MetS among Iranian patients with T2DM, with the TyG-WC index emerging as the most robust predictor across both genders.

Protective effect of soy protein on collagen-induced arthritis in rat.

To evaluate preventive and therapeutic effects of soy protein on collagen-induced arthritis rats. Sprague-Dawley rats immunized with bovine type II collagen emulsified in adjuvant and treated with soy protein (7 g/kg), dexamethasone (1 mg/kg), and casein (in control groups) by daily gavages feedings for 30 days. Score of arthritis recorded every day for each paws of animal. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin6, leptin, and adiponectin were measured in serums. Treatment with soy protein resulted in significant delay in time to onset of arthritis as well as significantly decreased arthritis incidence, clinical arthritis severity score, histopathological arthritis severity score, and in vivo cell-mediated immunity to collagen (P < 0.05). Administration of soy protein significantly suppressed the progression of collagen II-induced arthritis and inhibited the production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin6, leptin, and adiponectin. Soy protein appeared to be a potent immunomodulatory inhibitor of collagen II-induced arthritis in rats. It could delay onset of RA and reduced cartilage erosion and synovitis inflammation. Therefore, it may be a useful protein in the prevention and treatment of rheumatoid arthritis patient.

The Effect of Nutrition Education Using MyPlate on Lipid Profiles, Glycemic Indices, and Inflammatory Markers in Diabetic Patients.

As a result of a nutrition transition, chronic diseases, including diabetes, have increased in Iran. Nutrition education is a cost-effective method for modifying diet and controlling diabetes. This study aimed to examine the effect of nutrition education using MyPlate recommendations on glycemic and lipid profiles and inflammatory markers in Iranian adults diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. A 12-week randomized clinical trial was conducted on 44 adults aged 30-50 years from Ahvaz, Iran. The participants were divided into education and control groups. The education participants were taught the MyPlate recommendations. Serum levels of fasting blood sugar (FBS), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), lipid profiles, and inflammatory markers, including high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), tumor necrosis factor-α, and adiponectin, were measured at the baseline and the end of the study. The results showed that serum levels of FBS (p = 0.014) and HbA1c (p < 0.001) decreased significantly in the education group at the end of the study. The serum level of low-density lipoprotein in the education group declined significantly at the end of the study (p = 0.043). Furthermore, the serum level of hs-CRP (p = 0.005) declined significantly while the level of adiponectin (p = 0.035) increased in the education group at the end of the study. The evidence of this study showed that nutrition education using MyPlate recommendations is an effective method for controlling diabetes complications. A longitudinal analysis with a larger sample size is recommended to confirm the evidence of this study. Trial Registration: Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials Identifier: IRCT2015031921443N2.

Association Between Dietary Quality Indices and Atherosclerosis Risk: A Case-Control Study.

Background: Several diet quality scores have been developed to evaluate the health benefits of individual diets such as Healthy Eating Index (HEI), Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension (DASH), and Mediterranean diet score (Med). This study aims to determine the relationship between dominant dietary health scores with the risk of atherosclerosis in Iranian adults. Methods: This case-control study was conducted on 323 patients with atherosclerosis and 334 individuals without atherosclerosis as control group. Food Frequency Questionnaire was used for obtaining dietary intakes; then HEI, DASH score, and Med score was calculated. Logistic regression models were used to calculate Odds Ratios (OR) and 95% Confidence intervals (CI) between quartiles of the HEI, DASH and Med and atherosclerosis risk. Results: The results showed that total scores for HEI, DASH, and Med in control group was higher than the atherosclerosis group. The results also indicated that higher adherence to HEI (OR: 0.43; CI: [0.24, 0.76], P-trend = .006), DASH (OR: 0.48; CI: [0.3, 0.78], P-trend = .003), and Mediterranean pattern (OR: 0.4; CI: [0.21, 0.76]) decreased odds ratio of atherosclerosis. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that adherence to HEI, DASH, and Mediterranean diet might be associated with a lower risk of Atherosclerosis and can have a positive effect on general health and prevention of chronic diseases in people.

Effects of milk protein concentrate supplementation on metabolic parameters, adipocytokines and body composition in obese women under weight-loss diet: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.

INTRODUCTION: Obesity impairs metabolic function and increases the risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Evidence suggests that high-protein diets help to increase weight loss and protect against weight gain. Milk protein concentrate (MPC) is a dairy product with a high protein content with a ratio of casein and whey protein similar to skim milk. This trial aims to evaluate the effect of MPC supplementation in obese women under a weight-loss diet. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: We will conduct a 2-month open-label, parallel-group, randomised controlled trial to determine the effect of MPC supplementation on levels of glycaemic and lipid profile, leptin, adiponectin, appetite, waist circumference, body mass index and body composition in 44 premenopausal obese women on a weight-loss diet. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This protocol, approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Ahvaz University of Medical Sciences, is in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki (approval number: IR.AJUMS.REC.1399.795). The trial results will be published in peer-reviewed journals. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT20201223049804N1).

Testing the Effects of Cinnamon Extract Supplementation on Inflammation and Oxidative Stress Induced by Acrylamide.

We investigated the effects of cinnamon water extract supplementation on inflammation and oxidative stress induced by acrylamide in rats. This revealed acrylamide-intoxicated control group had significant higher levels of malondialdehyde, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), leptin and alanine transaminase, and lower levels of total antioxidant capacity compared to the negative control group. In contrast, cinnamon extract administration remedied the levels of total antioxidant capacity, malondialdehyde, TNF-α, hs-CRP, and leptin in the treatment groups. However, there was no significant effect on adiponectin or liver enzymes. This chapter presents a protocol involving production of the acrylamide-induced oxidative stress model, the aqueous extraction of cinnamon powder, and measurement of inflammatory and oxidative stress markers.