Laser Precise Synthesis of Oxidation-Free High-Entropy Alloy Nanoparticle Libraries.

High-entropy alloy nanoparticles (HEA-NPs) show exceptional properties and great potential as a new generation of functional materials, yet a universal and facile synthetic strategy in air toward nonoxidized and precisely controlled composition remains a huge challenge. Here we provide a laser scribing method to prepare single-phase solid solution HEA-NPs libraries in air with tunable composition at the atomic level, taking advantage of the laser-induced metastable thermodynamics and substrate-assisted confinement effect. The three-dimensional porous graphene substrate functions as a microreactor during the fast heating/cooling process, which is conductive to the generation of the pure alloy phase by effectively blocking the binding of oxygen and metals, but is also beneficial for realizing accurate composition control via microstructure confinement-endowed favorable vapor pressure. Furthermore, by combining an active learning approach based on an adaptive design strategy, we discover an optimal composition of quinary HEA-NP catalysts with an ultralow overpotential for Li-CO2 batteries. This method provides a simple, fast, and universal in-air route toward the controllable synthesis of HEA-NPs, potentially integrated with machine learning to accelerate the research on HEAs.

Purification and Characterization of a Novel Fibrinolytic Enzyme from Marine Bacterium Bacillus sp. S-3685 Isolated from the South China Sea.

A novel fibrinolytic enzyme, BSFE1, was isolated from the marine bacterium Bacillus sp. S-3685 (GenBank No.: KJ023685) found in the South China Sea. This enzyme, with a molecular weight of approximately 42 kDa and a specific activity of 736.4 U/mg, exhibited its highest activity at 37 °C in a phosphate buffer at pH 8.0. The fibrinolytic enzyme remained stable over a pH range of 7.5 to 10.0 and retained about 76% of its activity after being incubated at 37 °C for 2 h. The Km and Vmax values of the enzyme at 37 °C were determined to be 2.1 µM and 49.0 µmol min-1 mg-1, respectively. The fibrinolytic activity of BSFE1 was enhanced by Na+, Ba2+, K+, Co2+, Mn2+, Al3+, and Cu2+, while it was inhibited by Fe3+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Zn2+, and Fe2+. These findings indicate that the fibrinolytic enzyme isolated in this study exhibits a strong affinity for fibrin. Moreover, the enzyme we have purified demonstrates thrombolytic enzymatic activity. These characteristics make BSFE1 a promising candidate for thrombolytic therapy. In conclusion, the results obtained from this study suggest that our work holds potential in the development of agents for thrombolytic treatment.

Black Phosphorus/Ferroelectric P(VDF-TrFE) Field-Effect Transistors with High Mobility for Energy-Efficient Artificial Synapse in High-Accuracy Neuromorphic Computing.

The neuromorphic system is an attractive platform for next-generation computing with low power and fast speed to emulate knowledge-based learning. Here, we design ferroelectric-tuned synaptic transistors by integrating 2D black phosphorus (BP) with a flexible ferroelectric copolymer poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) (P(VDF-TrFE)). Through nonvolatile ferroelectric polarization, the P(VDF-TrFE)/BP synaptic transistors show a high mobility value of 900 cm2 V-1 s-1 with a 103 on/off current ratio and can operate with low energy consumption down to the femtojoule level (∼40 fJ). Reliable and programmable synaptic behaviors have been demonstrated, including paired-pulse facilitation, long-term depression, and potentiation. The biological memory consolidation process is emulated through ferroelectric gate-sensitive neuromorphic behaviors. Inspiringly, the artificial neural network is simulated for handwritten digit recognition, achieving a high recognition accuracy of 93.6%. These findings highlight the prospects of 2D ferroelectric field-effect transistors as ideal building blocks for high-performance neuromorphic networks.

[A multi-center epidemiological study on pneumococcal meningitis in children from 2019 to 2020]. / 2019­2020å¹´160ä¾‹å„¿ç«¥è‚ºç‚Žé“¾çƒèŒè„‘è†œç‚Žä¸´åºŠæµè¡Œç— å­¦å¤šä¸­å¿ƒç ”ç©¶.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the clinical characteristics and prognosis of pneumococcal meningitis (PM), and drug sensitivity of Streptococcus pneumoniae (SP) isolates in Chinese children. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical information, laboratory data, and microbiological data of 160 hospitalized children under 15 years old with PM from January 2019 to December 2020 in 33 tertiary hospitals across the country. RESULTS: Among the 160 children with PM, there were 103 males and 57 females. The age ranged from 15 days to 15 years, with 109 cases (68.1%) aged 3 months to under 3 years. SP strains were isolated from 95 cases (59.4%) in cerebrospinal fluid cultures and from 57 cases (35.6%) in blood cultures. The positive rates of SP detection by cerebrospinal fluid metagenomic next-generation sequencing and cerebrospinal fluid SP antigen testing were 40% (35/87) and 27% (21/78), respectively. Fifty-five cases (34.4%) had one or more risk factors for purulent meningitis, 113 cases (70.6%) had one or more extra-cranial infectious foci, and 18 cases (11.3%) had underlying diseases. The most common clinical symptoms were fever (147 cases, 91.9%), followed by lethargy (98 cases, 61.3%) and vomiting (61 cases, 38.1%). Sixty-nine cases (43.1%) experienced intracranial complications during hospitalization, with subdural effusion and/or empyema being the most common complication [43 cases (26.9%)], followed by hydrocephalus in 24 cases (15.0%), brain abscess in 23 cases (14.4%), and cerebral hemorrhage in 8 cases (5.0%). Subdural effusion and/or empyema and hydrocephalus mainly occurred in children under 1 year old, with rates of 91% (39/43) and 83% (20/24), respectively. SP strains exhibited complete sensitivity to vancomycin (100%, 75/75), linezolid (100%, 56/56), and meropenem (100%, 6/6). High sensitivity rates were also observed for levofloxacin (81%, 22/27), moxifloxacin (82%, 14/17), rifampicin (96%, 25/26), and chloramphenicol (91%, 21/23). However, low sensitivity rates were found for penicillin (16%, 11/68) and clindamycin (6%, 1/17), and SP strains were completely resistant to erythromycin (100%, 31/31). The rates of discharge with cure and improvement were 22.5% (36/160) and 66.2% (106/160), respectively, while 18 cases (11.3%) had adverse outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Pediatric PM is more common in children aged 3 months to under 3 years. Intracranial complications are more frequently observed in children under 1 year old. Fever is the most common clinical manifestation of PM, and subdural effusion/emphysema and hydrocephalus are the most frequent complications. Non-culture detection methods for cerebrospinal fluid can improve pathogen detection rates. Adverse outcomes can be noted in more than 10% of PM cases. SP strains are high sensitivity to vancomycin, linezolid, meropenem, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, rifampicin, and chloramphenicol.

Unrevealing Temporal Mechanoluminescence Behaviors at High Frequency via Piezoelectric Actuation.

Mechanoluminescence (ML) materials present widespread applications. Empirically, modulation for a given ML material is achieved by application of programmed mechanical actuation with different amplitude, repetition velocity and frequency. However, to date modulation on the ML is very limited within several to a few hundred hertz low-frequency actuation range, due to the paucity of high-frequency mechanical excitation apparatus. The universality of temporal behavior and frequency response is an important aspect of ML phenomena, and serves as the impetus for much of its applications. Here, we push the study on ML into high-frequency range (∼250 kHz) by combining with piezoelectric actuators. Two representative ML ZnS:Mn and ZnS:Cu, Al phosphors were chosen as the research objects. Time-resolved ML of ZnS:Mn and ZnS:Cu, Al shows unrevealed frequency-dependent saturation and quenching, which is associated with the dynamic processes of traps. From the point of applications, this study sets the cut-off frequency for ML sensing. Moreover, by in-situ tuning the strain frequency, ZnS:Mn exhibits reversible frequency-induced broad red-shift into near-infrared range. These findings offer keen insight into the photophysics nature of ML and also broaden the physical modulation of ML by locally adjusting the excitation frequency.

Clinical characteristics and antibiotic resistance profile of invasive MRSA infections in newborn inpatients: a retrospective multicenter study from China.

BACKGROUND: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) can cause invasive infections with significant mortality in neonates. This study aimed to analyze the clinical characteristics and antibiotic resistance profiles of invasive MRSA infections and determine risk factors associated with invasive MRSA infections in newborn inpatients. METHODS: This multicenter retrospective study of inpatients from eleven hospitals in the Infectious Diseases Surveillance of Pediatrics (ISPED) group of China was performed over a two-year period (2018-2019). Statistical significance was calculated by applying the χ2 test or by Fisher's exact test in the case of small sample sizes. RESULTS: A total 220 patients were included. Among included cases, 67 (30.45%) were invasive MRSA infections, including two deaths (2.99%), while 153 (69.55%) were noninvasive infections. The invasive infections of MRSA occurred at a median age of 8 days on admission, which was significantly younger compared to 19 days in noninvasive cases. Sepsis (86.6%) was the most common invasive infection, followed by pneumonia (7.4%), bone and joint infections (3.0%), central nervous system infection (1.5%), and peritonitis (1.5%). Congenital heart disease, low birth weight infant (<2500 g), but not preterm neonates, and bronchopulmonary dysplasia, were more commonly found in invasive MRSA infections. All these isolates were susceptible to vancomycin and linezolid and were resistant to penicillin. Additionally, 69.37% were resistant to erythromycin, 57.66% to clindamycin, 7.04% to levofloxacin, 4.62% to sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, 4.29% to minocycline, 1.33% to gentamicin, and 3.13% were intermediate to rifampin. CONCLUSION: Low age at admission (≤8 days), congenital heart disease, and low birth weight were associated with invasive MRSA infections in neonates, and no isolates resistant to vancomycin and linezolid were found. Determining these risks in suspected neonates may help identify patients with imminent invasive infections who may require intensive monitoring and therapy.

GH2 family ß-galactosidases evolution using degenerate oligonucleotide gene shuffling.

OBJECTIVES: To improve the biochemical characteristics of the GH2 family ß-galactosidases using a family shuffling method based on degenerate oligonucleotide gene shuffling. RESULTS: Four ß-galactosidase genes from the genus Alteromonas were divided into 14 gene segments, and each included the homologous sequence in the adjacent segments. The gene segments were regenerated into complete ß-galactosidase genes and amplified by PCR. The obtained chimeric genes were cloned into a plasmid and screened for ß-galactosidase activity. Approximately 320 positive clones were observed on the screening plate, of which nine sequenced genes were chimera. Additionally, the M22 and M250 mutants were expressed, purified, and characterized. The optimal temperature and substrate specificity of the recombinant M22 and M250 were consistent with those of the wild-type enzymes. The catalytic efficiency of recombinant M22 enzyme was higher than that of the wild-type enzymes, and the recombinant M250 displayed weak transglycosylation activity. CONCLUSIONS: The chimeric genes of GH2 ß-galactosidase were obtained using a controlled family shuffling that will provide an enzyme evolutionary method to obtain the ß-galactosidases with excellent characteristics for laboratory and industrial purposes.

Polysaccharides from Paecilomyces hepiali Prevent Acute Colitis in Association with Modulating Gut Microbiota and Treg/Th17 Immune Balance in Mice.

Cordyceps exopolysaccharide (CEP) has shown emerging potential in adjustment of gut microbiota and immune cell function. In this study, a water-soluble CEP with a molecular weight of 58.14 kDa was extracted from the fermentation broth of Paecilomyces hepiali, an endophytic fungus of Cordyceps sinensis. Our results indicated that Paecilomyces hepiali polysaccharide (PHP) showed significantly preventive potential on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice, which can prevent colon shortening, reduce intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) destruction, suppress inflammatory cell infiltration, and regulate the balance between regulatory T (Treg) cells and T helper type 17 (Th17) cells. Meanwhile, the disturbed gut microbiota was partially restored after PHP treatment. Further Pearson correlation coefficient analyses exhibited that the alteration of the gut microbiota was significantly related to adjustment of the IEC barrier and Treg/Th17 balance. In conclusion, all findings proposed that purified PHP has the potential to develop into a promising agent for colitis prevention and adjuvant therapy via maintaining intestinal homeostasis of gut microbiota and immune system.

Large-scale growth of few-layer two-dimensional black phosphorus.

Two-dimensional materials provide opportunities for developing semiconductor applications at atomistic thickness to break the limits of silicon technology. Black phosphorus (BP), as a layered semiconductor with controllable bandgap and high carrier mobility, is one of the most promising candidates for transistor devices at atomistic thickness1-4. However, the lack of large-scale growth greatly hinders its development in devices. Here, we report the growth of ultrathin BP on the centimetre scale through pulsed laser deposition. The unique plasma-activated region induced by laser ablation provides highly desirable conditions for BP cluster formation and transportation5,6, facilitating growth. Furthermore, we fabricated large-scale field-effect transistor arrays on BP films, yielding appealing hole mobility of up to 213 and 617 cm2 V-1 s-1 at 295 and 250 K, respectively. Our results pave the way for further developing BP-based wafer-scale devices with potential applications in the information industry.

Nonvolatile modulation of luminescence in perovskite oxide thin films by ferroelectric gating.

Nonvolatile and giant modulation of luminescence can be realized by the ferroelectric gating effect in a Ga3+/Pr3+ co-doped BaTiO3 ultra-thin film epitaxially grown on a [Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3]0.7-[PbTiO3]0.3 single-crystallized substrate. The change behavior of the emission intensity matches that of the ferroelectric polarization hysteresis loop with a giant enhancement of over 13 times with negative polarization orientation. The interaction of O2- at the O2p orbital in the valence band and Pr3+ with injected holes by the ferroelectric gating effect promotes the formation of excited state O-, Pr4+, or Pr3+q. This ferroelectric gating method can promote the development of controllable photo-, electroluminescent, and other optoelectronic devices for display, sensing, communication, and so on.

Spatial variability of bacterial community compositions in the Mariana Trench.

Hadal microorganisms play an important role in the biogeochemical processes in marine ecosystems and act as a valuable resource for industrial applications. This paper presents the bacterial community analysis of samples taken from the Challenger Deep within the Mariana Trench, which is the deepest site in the ocean. High-throughput 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing was used to reveal that the vertically sampled bacterial populations at eight stations varied at the surface to 10 km depth. The surface water samples harbored a distinct bacterial assemblage, while the mesopelagic and bathyal samples manifested different bacterial community composition, which was not consistent with previous studies. Gammaproteobacteria was the most abundant bacteria in the bathyal and hadal waters. The hadal bacterial community consisted mostly of Alteromonadales and Oceanospirillales. The former was widely spread in the water column, which might suggest habitat partitioning at the genus and operational taxonomic unit levels, while the latter might represent hadal-enriched hydrocarbon degraders. The present work complements the current knowledge and understanding of the bathyal and hadal bacterial communities of the Mariana Trench.

Multiplexed detection of SARS-CoV-2 based on upconversion luminescence nanoprobe/MXene biosensing platform for COVID-19 point-of-care diagnostics.

Multiplexed detection is essential in biomedical sciences since it is more efficient and accurate than single-analyte detection. For an accurate early diagnosis of COVID-19, a multiplexed detection strategy is required to avoid false negatives with the existing gold standard assay. Nb2CTx nanosheets were found to efficiently quench the fluorescence emission of lanthanide-doped upconversion luminescence nanoparticles at wavelengths ranging from visible to near-infrared spectrum. Using this broad-spectrum quencher, we developed a label-free FRET-based biosensor for rapid and accurate detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA. To target ORF and N genes, two types of oligo-modified lanthanide-doped upconversion nanoparticles can be used simultaneously to identify-two sites in one assay via upconversion fluorescence enhancement intensity measurement with detection limits of 15 pM and 914 pM, respectively. Moreover, with multisite cross-validation, this multiplexed and sensitive biosensor is capable of simultaneous and multicolor analysis of two gene fragments of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant within minutes in a single homogeneous solution, which significantly improves the detection efficiency. The diagnosis result via our assay is consistent with the PCR result, demonstrating its application in the rapid and accurate screening of multiple genes of SARS-CoV-2 and other infectious diseases.

Rapid and ultrasensitive detection of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein based on upconversion luminescence biosensor for COVID-19 point-of-care diagnostics.

Here, we firstly introduce a detection system consisting of upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) and Au nanorods (AuNRs) for an ultrasensitive, rapid, quantitative and on-site detection of SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein based on Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) effect. Briefly, the UCNPs capture the S protein of lysed SARS-CoV-2 in the swabs and subsequently they are bound with the anti-S antibodies modified AuNRs, resulting in significant nonradiative transitions from UCNPs (donors) to AuNRs (acceptors) at 480 nm and 800 nm, respectively. Notably, the specific recognition and quantitation of S protein can be realized in minutes at 800 nm because of the low autofluorescence and high Yb-Tm energy transfer in upconversion process. Inspiringly, the limit of detection (LOD) of the S protein can reach down to 1.06 fg mL-1, while the recognition of nucleocapsid protein is also comparable with a commercial test kit in a shorter time (only 5 min). The established strategy is technically superior to those reported point-of-care biosensors in terms of detection time, cost, and sensitivity, which paves a new avenue for future on-site rapid viral screening and point-of-care diagnostics.

A novel salt-tolerant GH42 ß-galactosidase with transglycosylation activity from deep-sea metagenome.

ß-Galactosidase is a widely adopted enzyme in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Metagenome techniques have the advantage of discovering novel functional genes, particularly potential genes from uncultivated microbes. In this study, a novel GH42 ß-galactosidase isolated from a deep-sea metagenome was overexpressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) and purified by affinity chromatography. The optimal temperatures and pH of the enzyme for o-nitrophenyl-ß-D-galactopyranoside (oNPG) and lactose were 40 â„ƒ, 6.5 and 50 â„ƒ, 7, respectively. The enzyme was stable at temperatures between 4 and 30 â„ƒ and within the pH range of 6-9. Moreover, it was highly tolerant to salt and inhibited by Zn2+ and Cu2+. The kinetic values of Km and kcat of the enzyme against oNPG were 1.1 mM and 57.8 s-1, respectively. Furthermore, it showed hydrolysis and transglycosylation activity to lactose and the extra monosaccharides could improve the productivity of oligosaccharides. Overall, this recombinant ß-galactosidase is a potential biocatalyst for the hydrolysis of milk lactose and synthesis of functional oligosaccharides.

How Universal Is the Wetting Aging in 2D Materials.

Previous studies indicate that 2D materials such as graphene, WS2, and MoS2 deposited on oxidized silicon substrate are susceptible to aging due to the adsorption of airborne contamination. As a result, their surfaces become more hydrophobic. However, it is not clear how ubiquitous such a hydrophobization is, and the interplay between the specific adsorbed species and resultant wetting aging remains elusive. Here, we report a pronounced and general hydrophilic-to-hydrophobic wetting aging on 2D InSe films, which is independent of the substrates to synthesize these films (silicon, glass, nickel, copper, aluminum oxide), though the extent of wetting aging is sensitive to the layer of films. Our findings are ascribed to the occurrence and enrichment of airborne contamination that contains alkyl chains. Our results also suggest that the wetting aging effect might be universal to a wide range of 2D materials.

A General Wet Transferring Approach for Diffusion-Facilitated Space-Confined Grown Perovskite Single-Crystalline Optoelectronic Thin Films.

Hybrid perovskite single-crystalline thin films are promising for making high-performance perovskite optoelectronic devices due to their superior physical properties. However, it is still challenging to incorporate them into multilayer devices because of their on-substrate growth. Here, a wet transfer method is used in transferring perovskite single-crystalline films perfectly onto various target substrates. More importantly, large millimeter-scaled single-crystalline films can be obtained via a diffusion-facilitated space-confined growth method as thin as a few hundred nanometers, which are capable of sustaining excellent crystalline quality and morphology after the transferring process. The availability of these crystalline films offers us a convenient route to further investigate their intrinsic properties of hybrid perovskites. We also demonstrate that the wet transfer method can be used for scalable fabrication of perovskite single-crystalline film-based photodetectors exhibiting a remarkable photoresponsivity. It is expected that this transferring strategy would promise broad applications of perovskite single-crystalline films for more complex perovskite devices.

Universal Strategy for HF-Free Facile and Rapid Synthesis of Two-dimensional MXenes as Multifunctional Energy Materials.

Two-dimensional MXenes are promising for various energy-related applications such as energy storage devices and electrocatalysis of water-splitting. MXenes prepared from hydrofluoric (HF) acid etching have been widely reported. Nonetheless, the acute toxicity of HF acid impedes the large-scale fabrication of MXenes and their wide utilization in energy-related applications. It is thus greatly encouraging to explore a more innocuous protocol for MXenes synthesis. Thereby, a universal strategy based on thermal-assisted electrochemical etching route is developed to synthesize MXenes (e.g., Ti2CT x, Cr2CT x, and V2CT x). Furthermore, the cobalt ion doped MXenes show an exceptionally enhanced capability of hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity, demonstrating their multifunctionalities, which is comparable to the commercialized catalysts. Moreover, we successfully exploited our MXenes as cathodes for the novel aqueous rechargeable battery, with proficient retention and excellent electrical output performance. This work paves a nontoxic and HF-free route to prepare various MXenes and demonstrates practical applications of the materials.

[Clinical characteristics and drug sensitivity in children with invasive pneumococcal disease: a multicenter study].

OBJECTIVE: To study the clinical characteristics, drug sensitivity of isolated strains, and risk factors of drug resistance in children with invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD). METHODS: The clinical characteristics and drug sensitivity of the isolated strains of 246 hospitalized children with IPD in nine grade A tertiary children's hospitals from January 2016 to June 2018 were analyzed. RESULTS: Of the 246 children with IPD, there were 122 males and 124 females. Their ages ranged from 1 day to 14 years, and among them, 68 (27.6%) patients were less than 1 year old, 54 (22.0%) patients were 1 to 2 years old, 97 (39.4%) patients were 2 to 5 years old, and 27 (11.0%) patients were 5 to 14 years old. Pneumonia with sepsis was the most common infection type (58.5%, 144/246), followed by bloodstream infection without focus (19.9%, 49/246) and meningitis (15.0%, 37/246). Forty-nine (19.9%) patients had underlying diseases, and 160 (65.0%) had various risk factors for drug resistance. The isolated Streptococcus pneumoniae strains were 100% sensitive to vancomycin, linezolid, moxifloxacin, and levofloxacin, 90% sensitive to ertapenem, ofloxacin, and ceftriaxone, but had a low sensitivity to erythromycin (4.2%), clindamycin (7.9%), and tetracycline (6.3%). CONCLUSIONS: IPD is more common in children under 5 years old, especially in those under 2 years old. Some children with IPD have underlying diseases, and most of the patients have various risk factors for drug resistance. Pneumonia with sepsis is the most common infection type. The isolated Streptococcus pneumoniae strains are highly sensitive to vancomycin, linezolid, moxifloxacin, levofloxacin, ertapenem, and ceftriaxone in children with IPD.

Hymenobacter profundi sp. nov., isolated from deep-sea water.

A Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, red-pigmented, aerobic bacterium, strain M2T, was isolated from a seawater sample collected from the western Pacific Ocean at a depth of 1000 m and characterized using polyphasic taxonomy. Strain M2T was catalase-positive and oxidase-negative. Cells grew at 4-33 °C (optimum, 25 °C), at pH 6-9 (optimum, 7) and with 0-4 % (w/v) (optimum, 1 %) NaCl. Phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain M2T was associated with the genus Hymenobacter. Strain M2T showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities to Hymenobacter actinosclerus CCUG 39621T (95.7 %), Hymenobacter tibetensis XTM003T (95.6 %) and Hymenobacter psychrotolerans Tibet-IIU11T (95.2 %). The DNA G+C content was 59.98 mol%. Strain M2T contained C16 : 1ω5c (25.0 %), iso-C15 : 0 (23.9 %) and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω6c and/or C16 : 1ω7c, 20.4 %) as major cellular fatty acids. The major quinone of strain M2T was menaquinone 7 and the major polar lipid was phosphatidylethanolamine. The major polyamine of strain M2T was sym-homospermidine. The phylogenetic analysis and physiological and biochemical data showed that strain M2T should be classified as representing a novel species of the genus Hymenobacter, for which the name Hymenobacter profundi sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is M2T (=CCTCC AB 2017185T=KCTC 62120T).

Pseudomonas profundi sp. nov., isolated from deep-sea water.

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic bacterium, strain M5T, was isolated from a seawater sample collected from the western Pacific Ocean at a depth of 1000 m and characterized by using polyphasic taxonomy. Cells of the strain were rod-shaped and motile by a single polar flagellum. Cells grew at 4-40 °C (optimum, 25 °C), at pH 7-10 (optimum, 9) and with 0-10 % NaCl (optimum, 1-2 %). Phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain M5T was associated with the genus Pseudomonas, and showed highest similarities to Pseudomonas pelagia CL-AP6T (97.8 %) and Pseudomonas salina XCD-X85T (97.5 %) and Pseudomonas sabulinigri J64T (96.4 %). The average nucleotide identity scores for strains CL-AP6T and XCD-X85T were 74.6 % and 73.7 %, the Genome-to-Genome Distance Calculator scores were 15.8-19.5 % and 15.4-19.7 %, and the species identification scores were 92.3 % and 92.4 %. The major isoprenoid quinone of strain M5T was ubiquinone (Q-9) and the major cellular fatty acids were summed feature 8 (C18 : 1ω7c and/or C18 : 1ω6c; 33.2 %), summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c; 22.8 %) and C16 : 0 (13 %). The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phospholipid and some unidentified lipids. The phylogenetic analysis and physiological and biochemical data showed that strain M5T should be classified as representing a novel species in the genus Pseudomonas, for which the name Pseudomonas profundi sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is M5T (=CCTCC AB 2017186T=KCTC 62119T=CICC 24308T).