Twin Zn1- x Cdx S Solid Solution: Highly Efficient Photocatalyst for Water Splitting.

Twins in crystal defect, one of the significant factors affecting the physicochemical properties of semiconductor materials, are applied in catalytic conversion. Among the catalysts serving for photocatalytic water splitting, Zn1- x Cdx S has become a hot-point due to its adjustable energy band structure. Via limiting mass transport to control the release rate of anions/cations, twin Zn1- x Cdx S solid solution is prepared successfully, which lays a foundation for the construction of other twin crystals in the future. On twin Zn1- x Cdx S, water tends to be dissociated after being adsorbed by Zn2+ /Cd2+ at twin boundary, then the fast-moving electrons at twin boundary quickly combine with the protons already attached to S2- to form hydrogen. According to the theoretical calculation, not only the intracrystalline electron mobility, but also the extracrystalline capacity of water-adsorption/dissociation and proton-adsorption on the twin boundary are superior to those of the counterpart plane in defect-free phase. The synthetic twin Zn1- x Cdx S apparent quantum efficiency of photocatalysis water splitting for hydrogen reached 82.5% (λ = 420 nm). This research opens up an avenue to introduce twins in crystals and it hopes to shed some light on photocatalysis.

Screening and Resistance Locus Identification of the Mutant fcrZ22 Resistant to Crown Rot Caused by Fusarium pseudograminearum.

Crown rot caused by Fusarium pseudograminearum is a devastating wheat disease worldwide. In addition to yield losses, the fungi causing Fusarium crown rot (FCR) also deteriorate the quality and safety of food because of the production of mycotoxins. Planting resistant cultivars is an effective way to control FCR. However, most wheat cultivars are susceptible to FCR. Therefore, development of new sources and detection of loci for FCR resistance are necessary. In the present study, a resistant mutant, fcrZ22, was identified from an ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS)-mutagenized population of the cultivar Zhoumai 22, and then fcrZ22 was crossed with the wild type to produce an F2 population. Genetic analysis of the F2 population was carried out by the mixed inheritance model of major genes plus polygenes, and 20 resistant and 20 susceptible plants were selected to assemble mixed pools. Combining 660K SNP arrays, the resistance loci were detected by bulked segregant analysis. The resistance to FCR caused by F. pseudograminearum in the F2 population was in accordance with the "mixed model with two major genes of additive-epistasis effect + additive-dominant polygenes," and the heritability of the major gene was 0.92. Twenty-one loci were detected, which were located on 10 chromosomes, namely, 1B (1), 1D (1), 2A (3), 1B (1), 3A (3), 3B (3), 4A (2), 5A (2), 7A (3), and 7B (2). Among the 21 loci, eight were new loci for FCR resistance. This is the first report of detecting loci for FCR resistance from a mutant. The results of the present study provided excellent germplasm resources for breeding wheat cultivars with FCR resistance and laid the foundation for fine mapping of FCR resistance loci.

Efficacy relevance of PD-L1 expression on circulating tumor cells in metastatic breast cancer patients treated with anti-PD-1 immunotherapy.

PURPOSE: Breast cancer has become the leading cause of cancer mortality in women. Although immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting programmed death-1 (PD-1) are promising, it remains unclear whether PD-L1 expression on circulating tumor cells (CTCs) has predictive and prognostic values in predicting and stratifying metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients who can benefit from anti-PD-1 immunotherapy. METHODS: Twenty six MBC patients that received anti-PD-1 immunotherapy were enrolled in this study. The peptide-based Pep@MNPs method was used to isolate and enumerate CTCs from 2.0 ml of peripheral venous blood. The expression of PD-L1 on CTCs was evaluated by an established immunoscoring system categorizing into four classes (negative, low, medium, and high). RESULTS: Our data showed that 92.3% (24/26) of patients had CTCs, 83.3% (20/26) of patients had PD-L1-positive CTCs, and 65.4% (17/26) of patients had PD-L1-high CTCs. We revealed that the clinical benefit rate (CBR) of patients with a cut-off value of ≥ 35% PD-L1-high CTCs (66.6%) was higher than the others (29.4%). We indicated that PD-L1 expression on CTCs from MBC patients treated with anti-PD-1 monotherapy was dynamic. We demonstrated that MBC patients with a cut-off value of ≥ 35% PD-L1-high CTCs had longer PFS (P = 0.033) and OS (P = 0.00058) compared with patients with a cut-off value of < 35% PD-L1-high CTCs. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggested that PD-L1 expression on CTCs could predict the therapeutic response and clinical outcomes, providing a valuable predictive and prognostic biomarker for patients treated with anti-PD-1 immunotherapy.

Integrated multi-omics analyses reveal Jorunnamycin A as a novel suppressor for muscle-invasive bladder cancer by targeting FASN and TOP1.

BACKGROUND: Bladder cancer is a urological carcinoma with high incidence, among which muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) is a malignant carcinoma with high mortality. There is an urgent need to develop new drugs with low toxicity and high efficiency for MIBC because existing medication has defects, such as high toxicity, poor efficacy, and side effects. Jorunnamycin A (JorA), a natural marine compound, has been found to have a high efficiency anticancer effect, but its anticancer function and mechanism on bladder cancer have not been studied. METHODS: To examine the anticancer effect of JorA on MIBC, Cell Counting Kit 8, EdU staining, and colony formation analyses were performed. Moreover, a xenograft mouse model was used to verify the anticancer effect in vivo. To investigate the pharmacological mechanism of JorA, high-throughput quantitative proteomics, transcriptomics, RT-qPCR, western blotting, immunofluorescence staining, flow cytometry, pulldown assays, and molecular docking were performed. RESULTS: JorA inhibited the proliferation of MIBC cells, and the IC50 of T24 and UM-UC-3 was 0.054 and 0.084 µM, respectively. JorA-induced significantly changed proteins were enriched in "cancer-related pathways" and "EGFR-related signaling pathways", which mainly manifested by inhibiting cell proliferation and promoting cell apoptosis. Specifically, JorA dampened the DNA synthesis rate, induced phosphatidylserine eversion, and inhibited cell migration. Furthermore, it was discovered that fatty acid synthase (FASN) and topoisomerase 1 (TOP1) are the JorA interaction proteins. Using DockThor software, the 3D docking structures of JorA binding to FASN and TOP1 were obtained (the binding affinities were - 8.153 and - 7.264 kcal/mol, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The marine compound JorA was discovered to have a specific inhibitory effect on MIBC, and its potential pharmacological mechanism was revealed for the first time. This discovery makes an important contribution to the development of new high efficiency and low toxicity drugs for bladder cancer therapy.

Optical reflection characteristic-based emissivity analysis of a pyramid array flat-plate blackbody for remote sensor calibration.

The flat-plate blackbody (FPB) is the core device in infrared remote sensing radiometric calibration for providing accurate infrared radiation energy. The emissivity of an FPB is an important parameter that directly affects calibration accuracy. This paper uses a pyramid array structure based on the regulated optical reflection characteristics to analyze the FPB's emissivity quantitatively. The analysis is accomplished by performing emissivity simulations based on the Monte Carlo method. The effects of specular reflection (SR), near-specular reflection (NSR), and diffuse reflection (DR) on the emissivity of an FPB with pyramid arrays are analyzed. In addition, various patterns of normal emissivity, small-angle directional emissivity, and emissivity uniformity are examined under different reflection characteristics. Further, the blackbodies with the NSR and DR are fabricated and tested experimentally. The experimental results show a good agreement with the corresponding simulation results. The emissivity of the FPB with the NSR can reach 0.996 in the 8-14 µm waveband. Finally, the emissivity uniformity of FPB samples at all tested positions and angles is better than 0.005 and 0.002, respectively. The standard uncertainty of experimental measurement of waveband emissivity and spectral emissivity are 0.47% and 0.38% respectively, and the simulation uncertainty is 0.10%.

Synthesis and Properties of a Novel Thermally Conductive Pressure-Sensitive Adhesive with UV-Responsive Peelability.

Thermally conductive pressure-sensitive adhesive (PSA) has received a great amount of attention in recent years, but the traditional PSA hardly loses adhesion properties after UV irradiation or heating. Therefore, endowing thermally conductive adhesive with UV-responsive peelability becomes a design strategy. Herein, vinyl-functionalized graphene (AA-GMA-G) is prepared by modifying graphene with acrylic acid and subsequently reacting with glycidyl methacrylate. Then, the UV-curable acrylate copolymer is synthesized by grafting glycidyl methacrylate. Finally, the novel thermally conductivity PSA with UV-responsive peelability is obtained by blending the copolymer with AA-GMA-G and photoinitiator. The results show that the PSA at 2 wt% AA-GMA-G loading exhibits an excellent thermal conductivity (0.74 W m-1 K-1 ) and a relatively strong peel strength, increasing by 15% compared with pristine graphene/PSA. Interestingly, the peel strength of AA-GMA-G/PSA can achieve a dramatic drop after UV treatment, and the decrease rate is 96.7%. Therefore, the novel thermally conductive PSA with UV-responsive peelability has potential applications in certain electronic devices.

Platform-independent approach for cancer detection from gene expression profiles of peripheral blood cells.

Peripheral blood gene expression intensity-based methods for distinguishing healthy individuals from cancer patients are limited by sensitivity to batch effects and data normalization and variability between expression profiling assays. To improve the robustness and precision of blood gene expression-based tumour detection, it is necessary to perform molecular diagnostic tests using a more stable approach. Taking breast cancer as an example, we propose a machine learning-based framework that distinguishes breast cancer patients from healthy subjects by pairwise rank transformation of gene expression intensity in each sample. We showed the diagnostic potential of the method by performing RNA-seq for 37 peripheral blood samples from breast cancer patients and by collecting RNA-seq data from healthy donors in Genotype-Tissue Expression project and microarray mRNA expression datasets in Gene Expression Omnibus. The framework was insensitive to experimental batch effects and data normalization, and it can be simultaneously applied to new sample prediction.

Highly emissive spaceborne blackbody radiation source based on light capture.

Highly emissive spaceborne blackbody radiation sources are important devices for infrared value traceability by providing accurate infrared radiation to calibrate infrared load. To meet the needs of the radiation calibration accuracy needed for infrared remote sensing, this paper proposes a highly emissive blackbody that uses cubic reflection and an absorption method based on light capture. An emissivity simulation based on ray tracing was carried out. The influences of specular reflection (SR), near specular reflection (NSR), and diffuse reflection (DR) on the emissivity of the blackbody were analyzed. Two blackbodies with NSR and DR were fabricated, simulated, and tested experimentally; the experimental and simulation results were consistent.

Neoadjuvant docetaxel and capecitabine (TX) versus docetaxel and epirubicin (TE) for locally advanced or early her2-negative breast cancer: an open-label, randomized, multi-center, phase II Trial.

PURPOSE: The combination of taxanes and anthracyclines is still the mainstay of chemotherapy for early breast cancer. Capecitabine is an active drug with a favorable toxicity profile, showing strong anti-tumor activity against metastatic breast cancer. This trial assessed the efficacy and safety of the TX regimen (docetaxel and capecitabine) and compared it with the TE (docetaxel and epirubicin) regimen in locally advanced or high risk early HER2-negative breast cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This randomized clinical trial was conducted at five academic centers in China. Eligible female patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to the TX (docetaxel 75 mg/m2 d1 plus capecitabine 1000 mg/m2 twice d1-14, q3w) or TE (docetaxel 75 mg/m2 d1 plus epirubicin 75 mg/m2 d1, q3w) groups for four cycles. The primary endpoint was a pathological complete response in the breast (pCR). Secondary endpoints included pCR in the breast and axilla, invasive disease-free survival (iDFS), overall survival (OS), and safety. RESULTS: Between September 1, 2012, and December 31, 2018, 113 HER2-negative patients were randomly assigned to the study groups (TX: n = 54; TE: n = 59). In the primary endpoint analysis, 14 patients in the TX group achieved a pCR, and nine patients in the TE group achieved a pCR (25.9% vs. 15.3%), with a not significant difference of 10.6% (95% CI -6.0-27.3%; P = 0.241). In a subgroup with high Ki-67 score, TX increased the pCR rate by 24.2% (95% CI 2.2-46.1%; P = 0.029). At the end of the 69-month median follow-up period, both groups had equivalent iDFS and OS rates. TX was associated with a higher incidence of hand-foot syndrome and less alopecia, with a manageable toxicity profile. CONCLUSION: The anthracycline-free TX regimen yielded comparable pCR and long-term survival rates to the TE regimen. Thus, this anthracycline-free regimen could be considered in selected patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ACTRN12613000206729 on 21/02/2013, retrospectively registered.

First principles studies on the electronic and contact properties of single layer 2H-MoS2/1T'-MX2 heterojunctions.

Constructed via in-plane heterojunction contacts between the semiconducting 2H phase (as the channel) and the metallic 1T' phase (as the electrode), two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) field-effect transistors (FETs) have received much recent attention because they significantly reduce contact resistance. In this paper, ab initio quantum transport simulation is done to study and predict the electronic states and contact properties of the 2H-MoS2/1T'-MX2 (WS2, TaSe2, NbSe2, MoSe2, TaS2, and NbS2) in-plane heterojunctions. It is found that the interfacial states are not obvious and the fluctuation of the average electron density at the 1T'/2H phase boundary is small for all 2H-MoS2/1T'-MX2 heterojunctions. The average electrostatic potential differences (ΔV) are all negative, which is beneficial to promote the charge transfer from 1T'-MX2 to 2H-MoS2. Moreover, the p-type Schottky contact of the 2H-MoS2/1T'-MX2 heterojunctions is formed and the ΦSB,P values are 0.609 eV, 0.625 eV, 0.641 eV, 0.617 eV, 0.469 eV and 0.477 eV for 1T'-WS2, 1T'-TaSe2, 1T'-NbSe2, 1T'-MoSe2, 1T'-TaS2, and 1T'-NbS2, respectively. The results provide theoretical guidance for designing two-dimensional material devices.

Network Pharmacology Research and Dual-omic Analyses Reveal the Molecular Mechanism of Natural Product Nodosin Inhibiting Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer in Vitro and in Vivo.

Bladder cancer, specifically, muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC), is among the most common malignant tumors. Patients with MIBC who cannot tolerate standard drugs require novel treatments. Targeting apoptosis may help treat cancer, which may be achieved with the use of some natural products. Nodosin, found in Isodon serra (Maxim.) Kudo (known as Xihuangcao), may inhibit bladder cancer cells. Transcriptomics and proteomics dual-omic analyses revealed the network pharmacological mechanism: (1) blocking the S phase by up-regulating RPA2, CLSPN, MDC1, PDCD2L, and E2F6 gene expressions, suppressing cancer cell proliferation; (2) inducing apoptosis and autophagy and restraining ferroptosis by up-regulating HMOX1, G0S2, SQSTM1, FTL, SLC7A11, and AIFM2 gene expressions; (3) preventing cancer cell migration by down-regulating NEXN, LIMA1, CFL2, PALLD, and ITGA3 gene expressions. In vivo, nodosin inhibited bladder cancer cell growth in a model of xenograft tumor in nude mice. This study is the first to report basic research findings on the network pharmacological mechanism of cytotoxicity of bladder cancer cells by nodosin, providing novel evidence for the application of nodosin in the field of oncology; however, other mechanisms may be involved in the effects of nodosin for further research. These findings provide a foundation for the development of novel MIBC drugs.

Differences of Clinicopathological Features between Metaplastic Breast Carcinoma and Nonspecific Invasive Breast Carcinoma and Prognostic Profile of Metaplastic Breast Carcinoma.

Introduction: Metaplastic breast carcinoma is a rare special type of breast cancer, which has distinguished clinical characteristics. We aimed to evaluate the clinicopathological features of metaplastic breast carcinoma compared with nonspecific invasive breast carcinoma and study the prognosis of metaplastic breast carcinoma. Methods: We reviewed metaplastic breast carcinoma cases (n = 37) from January 2000 to December 2021 and nonspecific invasive breast carcinoma cases (n = 433) from January 2019 to December 2020 extracted from our institution retrospectively. The following variables were recorded, including the patients' general information, complications, T stage, expression of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, Ki-67, molecular subtyping, lymph node status, skin or chest wall involvement, vessel carcinoma embolus, therapy modality (surgical treatments, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy), and survival. Results: Patients with metaplastic breast carcinoma had more advanced disease than patients with nonspecific invasive breast carcinoma (T stage: P=0.0011). A greater proportion of metaplastic breast carcinoma presented with triple-negative breast cancer than nonspecific invasive breast carcinoma (79.41% vs. 12.47%, P ≤ 0.001). Our study showed that the skin or chest wall invasion was more frequent in metaplastic breast carcinoma patients (11.76% vs. 1.62%, P=0.005). The 5-year survival rate for metaplastic breast carcinoma patients was 57.66% (95% CI: 0.3195∼0.7667). No local recurrence was observed while distant metastasis occurred in 33.33% of patients with metaplastic breast carcinoma. Death due to disease occurred in 24.24% of patients with metaplastic breast carcinoma. Conclusion: The majority of metaplastic breast carcinoma patients had more advanced disease and triple-negative disease than nonspecific invasive breast carcinoma patients. Also, metaplastic breast carcinoma patients had frequent skin or chest wall invasion and a high rate of distant metastasis and mortality.

In Situ Growing BCN Nanotubes on Carbon Fibers for Novel High-Temperature Supercapacitor with Excellent Cycling Performance.

Carbon nanomaterials have elicited much research interest in the energy storage field, but most of them cannot be used at high temperatures. Thus, a supercapacitor with high energy and desired stability at high temperatures is urgently required. Herein, BCN nanotubes (BCNNTs) with excellent performance at high temperatures are generated on carbon fibers by optimizing the ratio of B and N. The nanotubes' morphology can effectively alleviate the structural damage caused by the rapid adsorption/desorption of the electrolyte during long-time charge/discharge cycles at high temperatures, thus improving the high-temperature cycle stability. The symmetric supercapacitors that are assembled with the binder-free BCNNT electrode in 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (EMIM·BF4 ) exhibited a high areal capacitance of 177.1 mF cm-2 at a current density of 5 mA cm-2 , and capacitance retention is maintained up to 86.1% for 5000 cycles at 100 °C. Moreover, the flexible supercapacitor based on BCNNTs in poly(vinylidenefluoride hexafluoropropylene)/EMIM·BF4 /succinonitrile gel electrolyte also exhibits good volumetric capacitance (1.98 mWh cm-3 at a current density of 5 mA cm-2 ) and cycling stability (92.6% retention after 200 charge/discharge cycles) at a temperature of 100 °C. This work shows that binder-free BCNNTs are promising materials for high-temperature flexible energy storage devices.

Stray light separation based on the changeable veiling glare index for the vacuum radiance temperature standard facility.

The vacuum radiance temperature standard facility (VRTSF) is used to determine the temperature traceability of calibration blackbodies accurately for infrared remote sensing. However, the internal surfaces of the VRTSF can emit thermal radiation, which introduces stray light and reduces measurement accuracy. Previously, background subtraction was used to eliminate stray light, without considering dynamic changes in the environment. Therefore, we propose a changeable veiling glare index (CVGI) to evaluate stray light performance based on the concept of the veiling glare index. We analyze the radiation model of the VRTSF system and simulate the attribution of stray light. CVGI can be improved considerably by cooling and by using suitable stop sizes. Experiments performed in the VRTSF show that the CVGI is suitable for analyzing stray light. Using the CVGI, we simulate a method that can significantly reduce stray light in the VRTSF.

Ultrasonic-Ball Milling: A Novel Strategy to Prepare Large-Size Ultrathin 2D Materials.

Large-size ultrathin 2D materials, with extensive applications in optics, medicine, biology, and semiconductor fields, can be prepared through an existing common physical and chemical process. However, the current exfoliation technologies still need to be improved upon with urgency. Herein, a novel and simple "ultrasonic-ball milling" strategy is reported to effectively obtain high quality and large size ultrathin 2D materials with complete lattice structure through the introduction of moderate sapphire (Al2 O3 ) abrasives in a liquid phase system. Ultimately numerous high-quality ultrathin h-BN, graphene, MoS2 , WS2 , and BCN nanosheets are obtained with large sizes ranging from 1-20 µm, small thickness of ≈1-3 nm and a high yield of over 20%. Utilizing shear and friction force synergistically, this strategy provides a new method and alternative for preparing and optimizing large size ultrathin 2D materials.

Integrating-sphere-free reflectometry of blackbody cavity emissivity using the ratio of hemispherical-given solid angle reflections.

Blackbody cavity reflectivity is normally measured using an integrating sphere to collect hemispherical reflected radiation from a blackbody opening when illuminated by a directional light source. The challenge of taking this method without an integrating sphere arises for blackbody cavity emissivity measurement in satellites due to space constraints. The ratio of hemispherical-given solid angle reflections is proposed to calculate the total reflected power from a blackbody cavity by multiplying a measurable reflected power in a given solid angle. The ratio is obtained by simulating the distribution relationship between the total hemispherical reflected light power and the reflected light power in the given solid angle under different coating emissivity. The emissivity measurement results are consistent with radiometric method measurements and simulation results, with an uncertainty of 0.0005.

Intrinsic Properties of Macroscopically Tuned Gallium Nitride Single-Crystalline Facets for Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution.

The anisotropy of crystalline materials results in different physical and chemical properties on different facets, which warrants an in-depth investigation. Macroscopically facet-tuned, high-purity gallium nitride (GaN) single crystals were synthesised and machined, and the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) was used as the model reaction to show the differences among the facets. DFT calculations revealed that the Ga and N sites of GaN (100) had a considerably smaller ΔGH* value than those of the metal Ga site of GaN (001) or N site of GaN (00-1), thereby indicating that GaN (100) should be more catalytically active for the HER on account of its nonpolar facet. Subsequent experiments testified that the electrocatalytic performance of GaN (100) was considerably more efficient than that of other facets for both acidic and alkaline HERs. Moreover, the GaN crystal with a preferentially (100) active facet had an excellently durable alkaline electrocatalytic HER for more than 10 days. This work provides fundamental insights into the exploration of the intrinsic properties of materials and designing advanced materials for physicochemical applications.

New 2D Carbon Nitride Organic Materials Synthesis with Huge-Application Prospects in CN Photocatalyst.

In recent years, 2D materials are attracting increased attention because of their excellent properties. In this paper, new 2D carbon nitride (CN) organic materials are successfully prepared on the basis of the organic synthesis theory, and the thickness is about 1.5 nm. This new 2D CN organic material further strengthens the 2D materials family. Meanwhile, their synthetic mechanism is theoretically speculated. Then CN photocatalysts of several structures are obtained by roasting 2D CN organic materials. Through the photocatalytic hydrogen production experiments, the results exhibit that these kinds of photocatalysts have good photocatalytic effects compared to common g-C3 N4 .

A Novel Mild Phase-Transition to Prepare Black Phosphorus Nanosheets with Excellent Energy Applications.

Based on the phase transformation of phosphorus and Gibbs free energy theory, a new mild method to fabricate black phosphorus nanosheets from their red phosphorus microsphere counterparts is proposed. Interestingly, the as-prepared black phosphorus nanosheets, as a kind of novel metal-free photocatalyst, exhibit excellent photocatalytic H2 production performance owing to their intrinsic layered polycrystalline structure. Besides, the nanosheet is also a kind of potential anode material in lithium-ion batteries and shows good electrochemical performance.

Self-Supporting GaN Nanowires/Graphite Paper: Novel High-Performance Flexible Supercapacitor Electrodes.

Flexible supercapacitors have attracted great interest as energy storage devices because of their promise in applications such as wearable and smart electronic devices. Herein, a novel flexible supercapacitor electrode based on gallium nitride nanowire (GaN NW)/graphite paper (GP) nanocomposites is reported. The outstanding electrical conductivities of the GaN NW (6.36 × 102 S m-1 ) and GP (7.5 × 104 S m-1 ) deliver a synergistically enhanced electrochemical performance that cannot be achieved by either of the components alone. The composite electrode exhibits excellent specific capacitance (237 mF cm-2 at 0.1 mA cm-2 ) and outstanding cycling performance (98% capacitance retention after 10 000 cycles). The flexible symmetric supercapacitor also manifests high energy and power densities (0.30 mW h cm-3 and 1000 mW cm-3 ). These findings demonstrate that the GaN/GP composite electrode has significant potential as a candidate for the flexible energy storage devices.