[Study of adiponectin, IL-1ß, IL-6 and TNF-α in first episode drug naїve schizophrenia].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the levels of adiponectin (APN), interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in first episode drug naїve schizophrenics and further examine the role of adipocytokines in schizophrenia. METHODS: Ninety-six normal weight schizophrenics and 22 overweight/obese ones from First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University and 60 healthy controls were enrolled. Serum levels of IL-1ß, IL-6, TNF-α and APN were measured with enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS: Serum levels of IL-1ß, IL-6 and TNF-α in normal weight schizophrenics (54 ± 13, 34 ± 12, 48 ± 18) pg/ml and overweight/obese schizophrenics (71 ± 21, 40 ± 12, 53 ± 18) pg/ml were significantly higher than those in the controls (23 ± 16, 16 ± 7, 32 ± 15) pg/ml (P < 0.05). Serum levels of IL-1ß and IL-6 in overweight/obese schizophrenics were significantly higher than those in normal weight schizophrenics (P < 0.05). Serum level of adiponectin in normal weight schizophrenics was significantly higher than that in control group [(12 ± 4) vs (9 ± 4) pg/ml, P < 0.05]. CONCLUSION: The serum levels of APN, IL-1ß, IL-6 and TNF-α increase in first episode drug naїve schizophrenics. It suggests that an inflammatory response mediated by adipocytokines. APN may play a pro-inflammatory role in schizophrenia.

Corrigendum: The association between metabolic disturbance and cognitive impairments in early-stage schizophrenia.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.599720.].

Corrigendum: The association between cognitive deficits and clinical characteristic in first-episode drug naïve patients with schizophrenia.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.638773.].

Corrigendum: The Association Between Cognitive Deficits and Clinical Characteristic in First-Episode Drug Naïve Patients With Schizophrenia.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.638773.].

The Association Between Cognitive Deficits and Clinical Characteristic in First-Episode Drug Naïve Patients With Schizophrenia.

Background: Schizophrenia is a severe mental disease which characterized by positive symptom, negative symptom, general pathology syndrome and cognitive deficits. In recent years, many studies have investigated the relationship between cognitive deficits and clinical characteristics in schizophrenia, but relatively few studies have been performed on first-episode drug-naïve patients. Methods: Eighty seven first-episode drug-naïve schizophrenia patients were assessed for positive symptom, negative symptom, general pathology symptom and cognitive deficits from the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale and MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery. Psychotics depression were assessed using the Calgary depressing scale for schizophrenia. The relationship between clinical characteristics and cognitive deficits were assessed using correlation analysis and linear regression analysis. Results: The prevalence of cognitive deficits among the patients in our study was 85.1% (74/87) which was much higher than that in the general population. According to correlation analysis, negative symptom was negatively correlated with speed of processing and social cognition, and general pathology showed a negative correlation with attention/vigilance. In addition, a positive correlation was found between age and speed of processing. No correlation was found between cognitive deficits and positive symptom. Conclusions: This study confirmed that negative symptom is negatively related with some domains of cognitive function in first-episode drug naïve schizophrenia patients. Trail Registration: NCT03451734. Registered March 2, 2018 (retrospectively registered).

The Association Between Metabolic Disturbance and Cognitive Impairments in Early-Stage Schizophrenia.

Background: Cognitive impairment is one of the core symptoms of schizophrenia, which is considered to be significantly correlated to prognosis. In recent years, many studies have suggested that metabolic disorders could be related to a higher risk of cognitive defects in a general setting. However, there has been limited evidence on the association between metabolism and cognitive function in patients with early-stage schizophrenia. Methods: In this study, we recruited 172 patients with early-stage schizophrenia. Relevant metabolic parameters were examined and cognitive function was evaluated by using the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) to investigate the relationship between metabolic disorder and cognitive impairment. Results: Generally, the prevalence of cognitive impairment among patients in our study was 84.7% (144/170), which was much higher than that in the general population. Compared with the general Chinese setting, the study population presented a higher proportion of metabolic disturbance. Patients who had metabolic disturbance showed no significant differences on cognitive function compared with the other patients. Correlation analysis showed that metabolic status was significantly correlated with cognitive function as assessed by the cognitive domain scores (p < 0.05), while such association was not found in further multiple regression analysis. Conclusions: Therefore, there may be no association between metabolic disorder and cognitive impairment in patients with early-stage schizophrenia. Trial Registration: Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT03451734. Registered March 2, 2018 (retrospectively registered).

Increased Appetite Plays a Key Role in Olanzapine-Induced Weight Gain in First-Episode Schizophrenia Patients

Weight gain and metabolic disturbances, potentially influenced by increased appetite, are common effects of olanzapine treatment in patients with schizophrenia. In this study, we explored the association between olanzapine-induced weight gain and metabolic effects with increased appetite. Drug-naïve, first-episode schizophrenia patients were treated with olanzapine for 12 weeks. Assessments included time to increased appetite, body weight, body mass index, biochemical indicators of blood glucose and lipids, proportion of patients who gained more than 7% or 10% of their baseline weight upon treatment conclusion, patients who developed dyslipidemia, and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale scores. In total, 33 patients with schizophrenia receiving olanzapine were enrolled and 31 completed the study. During the 12-week olanzapine treatment, 77.4% (24/31) patients had increased appetite with 58.1% (18/31) patients having increased appetite within the first 4 weeks. The mean time for increased appetite was 20.3 days. More patients in the increased appetite group increased their initial body weight by more than 7% after 12 weeks when compared to patients with unchanged appetite (22/24 [91.7%] vs. 3/7 [42.9%], p = 0.004). Earlier increased appetite led to more weight gain during the following month. Overall, 50% of patients in the increased appetite group had dyslipidemia after 12 weeks. Our results demonstrated that olanzapine induced significantly appetite increase in first-episode patients with schizophrenia and appetite increase played a key role in olanzapine-induced weight gain and dyslipidemia. Clinical Trial Registration: NCT03451734. Registered March 2, 2018 (retrospectively registered).

Corrigendum: Increased Appetite Plays a Key Role in Olanzapine-Induced Weight Gain in First-Episode Schizophrenia Patients.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00739.].