Influence of using history of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy for neutropenia caused by combination therapy of ramucirumab and docetaxel.

Recently, pretreatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has been shown to enhance the therapeutic effects of the combination therapy of ramucirumab (RAM) and docetaxel (DTX); however, its influence on the drug's side effects remains unclear. This study investigated the influence of pretreatment with ICIs on the incidence of neutropenia caused by RAM + DTX therapy in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Patients with NSCLC who received RAM + DTX therapy at Gifu Prefectural General Medical Center between April 2016 and December 2020 were enrolled. Retrospective data regarding age, sex, performance status and detailed treatment history, among others, at treatment initiation were collected from the patients' electronic medical records. Additionally, data on the course number of RAM + DTX therapy, supportive therapy and blood biochemical parameters, including leukocyte and neutrocyte counts, during the treatment period were collected. We identified 41 patients receiving RAM + DTX therapy. Among the more than grade 3 adverse events caused by this therapy, neutropenia was the most common (78.1%). Despite the fact that all previous risk factors influencing this incidence rate had corresponded, the only factor influencing the incidence rate of neutropenia more than grade 3 was ICI treatment history. A difference in the incidence of neutropenia more than grade 3 in the Kaplan-Meier curve was observed between patients with and without ICI pretreatment history (p = 0.037). The pretreatment history of ICI therapy affects the incidence of neutropenia caused by RAM + DTX therapy in patients with NSCLC.

Molecular analysis of ribosomal RNA gene of red tide algae obtained from the seto inland sea.

Eleven clones from five species of the planktonic microalgae, (Chattonella antiqua, Chattonella marina, Heterosigma akashiwo, Alexandrium catenella, and Scrippsiella trochoidea), which were collected from the Seto Inland Sea in Japan and from Thailand, were subjected to nucleotide sequence analysis of the D1/D2 domain of the large subunit (LSU) of their ribosomal RNA genes. After amplification by polymerase chain reaction using degenerated primers, whole-nucleotide sequences for the D1/D2 domains of the LSU rRNA gene of 11 microalgae were analyzed. Phylogenic tree analysis using these nucleotide sequences showed each species located in a cluster corresponding to its morphological classification. The nucleotide sequence data for Chattonella spp. suggest that multiple clones of both Chattonella antiqua and Chattonella marina are present in the Seto Inland Sea and that red tide blooms of Chattonella spp. in different years may have contained different clones.

Allylindation of cyclopropenes in organic and aqueous media: switching the regio- and stereoselectivity based on the chelation with a hydroxyl group and the crystal structure of the cyclopropylindium product.

Hydroxy-bearing cyclopropenes react with allylindium reagents to undergo clean allylindation both in organic and aqueous media, in which the chelation of the hydroxyl group to indium plays the central role. The regio- and stereoselectivity have been regulated both by the location of the hydroxyl group in the molecules and the reaction solvents. In particular, the allylindation in water shows marked differences from that in organic solvents; the regio- and stereoselectivity have totally been reversed compared with those in organic solvents. Unusually stable cyclopropyl-indium compounds have been isolated from the reaction of 1-(omega-hydroxyalkyl)cyclopropenes and the structure has fully been established by X-ray crystallography.

A New Preparative Method for Allylic Indium(III) Reagents by Reductive Transmetalation of pi-Allylpalladium(II) with Indium(I) Salts.

A reductive transmetalation of the pi-allylpalladium(II) complexes, generated in situ from a catalytic amount of a palladium(0) complex and a variety of allylic substrates, with indium(I) salts proceeded smoothly in various solvents, providing a new route for allylindium(III) reagents.