Minimally invasive glaucoma surgery: Comparison of iStent with iStent inject in primary open angle glaucoma.

IMPORTANCE: Minimally invasive glaucoma surgery has gained significant traction in recent years. This study evaluates the first- and second-generation trabecular micro-bypass stents "iStent" and "iStent inject". BACKGROUND: To evaluate and compare the effect of a single iStent and double iStent inject in primary open angle glaucoma. DESIGN: Prospective comparative case series. PARTICIPANTS: Primary open angle glaucoma patients undergoing trabecular micro-bypass stent insertion combined with cataract surgery. METHODS: Baseline demographic information, preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative outcomes including intraocular pressure (IOP), visual acuity, reliance on glaucoma medication and complications were collected and analysed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Primary, secondary and tertiary outcome measures were consecutively defined as an IOP of ≤18 mmHg with zero medications, an IOP of ≤18 mmHg with reduced medications or a 20% reduction in IOP with or without medication. RESULTS: The study comprised 145 eyes in the iStent and 100 eyes in the iStent inject group. At 12 months, 56.0% of the iStent and 51.3% of the iStent inject eyes had achieved primary success and 63.1% and 57.7% secondary success. The mean postoperative IOP was 16.6 mmHg in iStent and 16.9 mmHg in iStent inject. Survival analysis demonstrated a greater incidence of failure in the iStent inject beyond 5 months. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Both trabecular micro-bypass stents in this study were effective in reducing IOP and the burden of medication when combined with cataract surgery. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups across our outcome measures although the iStent inject required earlier recommencement of medications for optimal IOP control.

Ultrastructural Integrity of Human Capsulotomies Created by a Thermal Device.

PURPOSE: To investigate the ultrastructural features of anterior capsulotomy performed with a thermal device, the precision pulse capsulotomy (PPC). DESIGN: Prospective, multicenter case series. PARTICIPANTS: Consecutive patients undergoing capsulotomy with the PPC device. METHODS: Prospective study of patients undergoing capsulotomy with the PPC by 2 surgeons, followed up by routine phacoemulsification cataract surgery, was undertaken. All capsulotomy specimens were collected for scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Observations were made regarding uniformity of the capsular edge and the presence of irregularities that may compromise integrity. Comparisons were made with manual continuous curvilinear capsulorrhexis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Ultrastructural features of PPC and presence of irregularities. RESULTS: Frayed appearance of the anterior capsule edge was noted in postoperative visits under slit-lamp examination. Scanning electron microscopy sampling showed a generally uniform rolled capsular edge, but interspersed with areas of irregularity with frayed appearance at the capsule margin. CONCLUSIONS: The PPC device is capable of creating reproducible, central, and precise circular capsulotomy. The ultrastructural features in ex vivo human capsulotomy specimens generally show eversion of the capsulotomy edge, but in some cases, this was accompanied by areas of irregular capsule margin with frayed edges, likely caused by dissipated thermal energy. The postoperative appearance and SEM features warrant further assessment of the PPC integrity and clinical correlation.

PAIN AND ANTISEPSIS AFTER OCULAR ADMINISTRATION OF POVIDONE-IODINE VERSUS CHLORHEXIDINE.

PURPOSE: To investigate ocular bacterial count before and after antisepsis with aqueous chlorhexidine (AC) or povidone-iodine (PI) and to assess discomfort with each agent. METHODS: Bacterial swabs were taken from participants' eyes before and after antisepsis. These underwent microscopy, culture, and sensitivity testing. Aqueous chlorhexidine drops were administered to left eyes and PI to right eyes. Participants rated their pain (scale 0-10) for each eye but were blinded to the type of drop. RESULTS: There were 20 participants (17 women, 3 men), and the mean age was 43 years. Pain scores were significantly higher in right (PI) than in left (AC) eyes (mean 7 vs. mean 2, P < 0.001). No abnormalities were detected on specimen microscopy and gram staining. Seven preantisepsis swabs (three left and four right) grew bacteria in culture. Two postantisepsis swabs grew bacteria in primary culture plate (1 after AC and 1 after PI). For an additional one post-PI swab, bacteria were detected in enrichment broth only. CONCLUSION: The efficacy of AC and PI are similar, and patient discomfort is lower with AC. Aqueous chlorhexidine is a good alternative to PI for antisepsis before intravitreal injection.

Small aperture IC-8 intraocular lens in cataract patients: achieving extended depth of focus through small aperture optics.

BACKGROUND: To investigate visual outcomes following cataract surgery in patients who were implanted monocularly with an extended range of focus IC-8 IOL. METHODS: A multicentre, non-randomised, retrospective case series of 126 consecutive patients implanted with the IC-8 IOL. Data were collected and pooled from six centres across Australia. Uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), uncorrected intermediate visual acuity (UIVA) at 80 cm and uncorrected near visual acuity (UNVA) at 40 cm were measured in eyes implanted with the IC-8 IOL. Adverse events, spectacle independence, visual symptoms and patient satisfaction were assessed at final follow-up. RESULTS: Over 90% of the patients without pre-existing ocular pathology (n = 109) achieved UDVA, UIVA and UNVA of 6/12 or better in the IC-8 eye. Binocularly, in this group, 98% achieved UDVA of 6/9, 94% UIVA of 6/12 and 91% UNVA of 6/12 or better. By final follow-up, over 50% of patients reported complete spectacle independence for distance, intermediate and near visual activity, with the remainder only using spectacles for specific tasks such as near-vision hobbies and reading in dim light. CONCLUSIONS: The IC-8 IOL is capable of providing extended depth of focus following cataract surgery. It allows complete spectacle independence in more than half of the patients implanted with the IC-8 IOL.

Variation in the Best Fit Sphere Radius of Curvature as a Test to Detect Keratoconus Progression on a Scheimpflug-Based Corneal Tomographer.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the variation in the best fit sphere radius (BFSR) of curvature on a Scheimpflug corneal tomographer as a test to detect keratoconus progression. METHODS: In this retrospective, comparative, case-control study, two groups of eyes with stable or progressive keratoconus were identified based on keratometric, refractive, and visual acuity criteria. Two sequential scans were used to assess the variation in topometric variables. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was conducted for anterior and posterior BFSR values. RESULTS: A total of 94 eyes of 62 patients were included in the study; 43 eyes were included in the progressive group and 51 eyes in the stable group. In the progressive group, these differences were found to be statistically significant in sequential scans for the analyzed variables: steepest axis keratometry value (K2) = 1.94 ± 1.70 D (P < .001), maximum keratometry value (Kmax) = 2.62 ± 3.08 D (P ≤ .001), apex pachymetry = 12.233 ± 13.728 µm (P ≤ .001), anterior BFSR = 0.116 ± 0.107 mm (P ≤ .001) and posterior BFSR = 0.082 ± 0.075 mm (P ≤ .001). In the stable group, changes in K2, Kmax, apex pachymetry, anterior BFSR, and posterior BFSR were not found to be statistically significant. Analysis of the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) showed that the best tests for discriminating between progressive and stable groups were the variation in the anterior BFSR and variation in K2 (AUROC = 0.940, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.884 to 0.996 and AUROC = 0.935, 95% CI = 0.881 to 0.990, respectively). Variation in the posterior BFSR had an AUROC of 0.863 with a 95% CI of 0.775 to 0.950. CONCLUSIONS: Steepening of the BFSR of anterior and posterior surface elevation maps could be used as indices for keratoconous progression. [J Refract Surg. 2018;34(4):260-263.].

Intraoperative performance and ultrastructural integrity of human capsulotomies created by the improved precision pulse capsulotomy device.

PURPOSE: To investigate the intraoperative performance and the ultrastructural features of anterior capsulotomy performed with the improved Zepto precision pulse capsulotomy (PPC) device. SETTING: Launceston Eye Institute, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia. DESIGN: Prospective, consecutive case series. METHODS: Intraoperative observation of performance and complications were made on consecutive eyes having capsulotomies with the improved PPC device. The capsulotomy specimens were examined under scanning electron microscope and compared with manual continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis and femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery specimens. RESULTS: The study comprised 52 eyes. Intended capsulotomy occurred in 50 eyes with 2 device failures. Complete free-floating capsulotomies were achieved in 48 eyes (96%). Anterior capsule tears occurred in 2 eyes (4%). CONCLUSIONS: The ability of the PPC device to create complete free-floating capsulotomies improved; however, the radial tear rate remained high. The ultrastructural features in ex vivo human capsulotomy specimens still showed areas of irregular capsule margin with frayed edges.

Thermal capsulotomy: Initial clinical experience, intraoperative performance, safety, and early postoperative outcomes of precision pulse capsulotomy technology.

PURPOSE: To assess the clinical safety and performance of a new thermal capsulotomy device in patients having cataract surgery. SETTING: Launceston Eye Institute, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia. DESIGN: Prospective case series. METHODS: This single-surgeon consecutive series comprised eyes having capsulotomy with a precision pulse capsulotomy (PPC) device (Zepto). Baseline demographic information and preoperative, intraoperative, and early postoperative outcomes, including complications, intraocular pressure (IOP), flare photometry, corneal and retinal thickness, and specular microscopy were collected and analyzed. Outcomes included PPC performance, intraoperative complications, effective phacoemulsification time, IOP, postoperative inflammation, corneal edema, endothelial cell density, functional evaluation of the corneal endothelium, retinal thickness, cost-effectiveness, and early postoperative visual acuity. RESULTS: The study evaluated 100 eyes. Complete free-floating capsulotomy was achieved in 70 eyes (72%). Focal attachments were identified in 17 eyes (18%) and broad attachments in 10 eyes (10%). Intended PPC capsulotomy failed in 3 eyes due to operator or device error. Anterior capsule tears occurred in 4 eyes (4%); otherwise, there were no significant safety signals in the early postoperative period. There was no evidence of a learning curve effect; however, use of a dispersive ophthalmic viscosurgical device (OVD) is postulated as influencing capsulotomy completeness. CONCLUSIONS: The PPC device created round, reproducible, appropriately sized capsulotomies in 72% of eyes. The incidence of incomplete capsulotomy and radial tear rate was high and was possibly associated with the use of a dispersive OVD.

Femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery, technology, outcome, future directions and modern applications.

Since its introduction in 2009 femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery (FLACS) has promised to revolutionize cataract surgery. Despite its promise, the assessment of FLACS's perceived benefits has proven to be far more complicated than initially might have been thought. Most studies to date have not provided validation of FLACS technology as a clinically significant advancement on our current techniques. We review FLACS technology and outcomes including detailed analysis of safety, efficacy, cost effectiveness and future prospects using data from the literature and our own published clinical experience.

Medium-term Anatomical Results of Laser Peripheral Iridoplasty: An Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography Study.

AIM: To evaluate by anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) the medium-term (mean duration 3.2 years) anatomical changes in the anterior chamber angle (ACA) after laser peripheral iridoplasty. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a longitudinal, retrospective case series of 31 eyes of 31 patients with primary angle-closure suspicion, primary angle closure (PAC), or primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) who underwent laser peripheral iridoplasty. All patients had persistent iridotrabecular contact (ITC) despite the presence of a patent peripheral iridotomy (PI). An AS-OCT was performed in dark conditions before and after laser iridoplasty. Quadrants of ITC, intraocular pressure (IOP), and the AS-OCT parameters of the temporal and nasal ACAs were measured and analyzed. RESULTS: Prior to iridoplasty, the average number of quadrants of ITC was 3.3. At the first postiridoplasty visit (mean duration 6.8 weeks), this reduced to 1.7 quadrants but increased to 1.9 by the final follow-up visit (mean duration 3.2 years). Twenty-five patients (80.1%) had less ITC at the first postlaser visit increasing to 27 (87.1%) patients by the final visit. Two (6.5%) required a second iridoplasty, while 3 (9.7%) required cataract surgery. All parameters of angle width showed a statistically significant increase in magnitude. All patients maintained IOP ≥ 21 mm Hg throughout the follow-up period. CONCLUSION: Iridoplasty is a useful adjunct in widening the ACA, particularly in those with persistent angle closure after iridotomy but with no cataract. While not successful in all patients, it can act as a temporizing measure to widen the drainage angle until such time that cataract surgery can be performed. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Laser peripheral iridoplasty can be used as an adjunct in angle-closure glaucoma patients with no cataract.How to cite this article: Hooshmand J, Leong JCY, O'Connor J, Ang GS, Wells AP. Medium-term Anatomical Results of Laser Peripheral Iridoplasty: An Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography Study. J Curr Glaucoma Pract 2017;11(3):113-119.