RESUMEN
Chemotherapy for cancer is increasingly implemented in the outpatient setting. Pharmacists contribute to cancer treatment by conducting counseling during outpatient chemotherapy visits. They provide guidance on drug treatment, side effects, and side effect countermeasures on every visit. However, there have been few economic evaluations of pharmacist involvement in outpatient chemotherapy. Therefore, we performed a cost utility analysis. We assigned usual care (control) and pharmacist counseling to two groups of 19 patients receiving outpatient chemotherapy for breast cancer at Gifu Municipal hospital. Quality of life was measured at three timepoints before and during chemotherapy treatment using the EuroQol 5 dimension instrument (EQ-5D). EQ-5D values across the timepoints were 0.831, 0.757, and 0.791 for the control group, and 0.882, 0.883, and 0.921 for the pharmacist counseling group. The additional cost in the pharmacist counseling group was 2,227 yen per counseling session. The change in quality-adjusted life years (QALY) was a maximum of -0.021±0.186 in the control group and 0.007±0.199 in the pharmacist counseling group. The maximum cost for one QALY was 1,360,558 yen (≈12,460 US dollars). Pharmacists' counseling in outpatient cancer chemotherapy for breast cancer patients had an acceptable incremental cost-effect ratio, contributing to improved patient quality of life without significant additional expenditure to healthcare.
Asunto(s)
Antineoplásicos/administración & dosificación , Neoplasias de la Mama/tratamiento farmacológico , Farmacéuticos/organización & administración , Servicio de Farmacia en Hospital/organización & administración , Adulto , Anciano , Análisis Costo-Beneficio , Consejo/economía , Consejo/métodos , Femenino , Humanos , Japón , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pacientes Ambulatorios , Farmacéuticos/economía , Servicio de Farmacia en Hospital/economía , Rol Profesional , Calidad de Vida , Años de Vida Ajustados por Calidad de VidaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: To understand the differences and similarities between immunocompetent and immunodeficient mice as ectopic transplantation animal models for bone tissue engineering. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Osteogenic cells from mouse leg bones were cultured, seeded on ß-TCP granules, and transplanted onto the backs of either immunocompetent or immunodeficient nude mice. At 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks postoperatively, samples were harvested and evaluated by hematoxylin-eosin staining, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining, and immunohistochemical staining and quantitative PCR. RESULTS: In immunocompetent mice, inflammatory cell infiltration was evident at 1 week postoperatively and relatively higher expression of TNF-α and IL-4 was observed. In immunodeficient mice, new bone area and the number of TRAP-positive cells were larger at 4 weeks than in immunocompetent mice. The volume of new bone area in immunodeficient mice was reduced by 8 weeks. CONCLUSIONS: Bone regeneration was feasible in immunocompetent mice. However, some differences were observed between immunocompetent and immunodeficient mice in the bone regeneration process possibly due to different cytokine expression, which should be considered when utilizing in vivo animal models.
Asunto(s)
Trasplante Óseo/métodos , Huesos/fisiología , Ingeniería de Tejidos/métodos , Animales , Regeneración Ósea , Huesos/inmunología , Células Cultivadas , Citocinas/biosíntesis , Inmunocompetencia , Huésped Inmunocomprometido , Interleucina-4/biosíntesis , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Ratones Desnudos , Ratones SCID , Osteoblastos/citología , Osteoblastos/trasplante , Osteoclastos/citología , Osteoclastos/trasplante , Osteogénesis/fisiología , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/biosíntesisRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: Cilostazol is known to be a selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterase 3 and is generally used to treat intermittent claudication caused by peripheral arterial disease. However, there is little information concerning the effect of cilostazol on angiogenesis. Here, we investigated whether cilostazol modulates the angiogenic process in vivo employing a hindlimb model of ischaemia-induced angiogenesis. DESIGN: This was an experimental study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Wild-type (WT) mice were randomly divided into two groups and were treated with or without cilostazol. One week later, the mice were subjected to unilateral hindlimb ischaemia. Angiogenesis was determined by laser Doppler analysis and capillary density stained with CD31. The expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) was assessed by immunoblotting. RESULTS: WT mice treated with cilostazol showed accelerated neo-vascularisation following hindlimb ischaemic surgery on post-operative day 14 based upon laser Doppler measurements of blood flow (cilostazol-treated group, 0.54 ± 0.13 vs. control group, 0.38 ± 0.11; P-<-0.05). The capillary density in the ischaemic hindlimb was also significantly greater in WT mice treated with cilostazol than in non-treated WT mice (cilostazol-treated group, 1.63 ± 0.10 vs. control group, 1.15 ± 0.12; P-<-0.01). Cilostazol stimulated an ischaemia-induced increase in the phosphorylation of eNOS in the ischaemic limbs. Administration of NOS inhibitor N-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME) abolished cilostazol-induced increase in limb perfusion. CONCLUSIONS: Our observations indicate that cilostazol can promote neo-vascularisation in response to tissue ischaemia via an eNOS-dependent mechanism. Cilostazol could be useful for treatment of ischaemic limb diseases.
Asunto(s)
Inductores de la Angiogénesis/farmacología , Capilares/efectos de los fármacos , Isquemia/tratamiento farmacológico , Músculo Esquelético/irrigación sanguínea , Neovascularización Fisiológica/efectos de los fármacos , Óxido Nítrico Sintasa de Tipo III/metabolismo , Inhibidores de Fosfodiesterasa 3/farmacología , Tetrazoles/farmacología , Animales , Western Blotting , Capilares/enzimología , Capilares/fisiopatología , Cilostazol , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Miembro Posterior , Inmunohistoquímica , Isquemia/enzimología , Isquemia/fisiopatología , Flujometría por Láser-Doppler , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Ratones Noqueados , NG-Nitroarginina Metil Éster/farmacología , Óxido Nítrico Sintasa de Tipo III/antagonistas & inhibidores , Óxido Nítrico Sintasa de Tipo III/deficiencia , Óxido Nítrico Sintasa de Tipo III/genética , Molécula-1 de Adhesión Celular Endotelial de Plaqueta/metabolismo , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
AIMS: A novel bladder preservation therapy, the OMC (Osaka Medical College) regimen, which combines radiation therapy with balloon-occluded arterial infusion of anticancer agents, is a treatment option for patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). We retrospectively analysed the effects of changes in radiation dose and irradiation field on treatment efficacy and adverse events.The purpose of this study is to use the results of this study to help determine a course of radiation therapy for bladder preservation therapy of cT2N0M0 MIBC. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We examined 352 patients with clinical stage T2N0M0 (cT2N0M0) MIBC classified into the following groups based on the irradiation method: group A, the whole pelvis (50 Gy/25 fractions) + local bladder (10 Gy/5 fractions); group B, the small pelvis (50 Gy/25 fractions) + local bladder (10 Gy/5 fractions); group C, the whole pelvis (40 Gy/20 fractions) + local bladder (10 Gy/5 fractions). RESULTS: The complete response rate, 3-year overall survival and progression-free survival rates in group A were 92.9%, 94.9% and 82.1%, respectively; in group B were 87.2%, 86.7% and 76.7%, respectively; and in group C were 95.2%, 92.6% and 71.1%, respectively. No significant differences between the groups were noted. The incidence of ≥grade 3 urinary tract and gastrointestinal toxicities were not significantly different among the groups (group A: 7.8%, 1.7%; B, 11.1%, 0%; C, 7.1%, 1.8%, respectively). The 3-year progression-free rates of the common iliac lymph node (CILN) region in patients who received whole-pelvis and small-pelvis irradiation were 99.0 and 89.0% (P < 0.01), respectively, with the latter group having significantly high lymph node recurrence in the CILN region. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings showed that the optimal radiation therapy for patients with cT2N0M0 MIBC undergoing the OMC regimen is whole-pelvis irradiation including the CILN region, with a total dose of 50 Gy/25 fractions.
Asunto(s)
Antineoplásicos , Oclusión con Balón , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria , Antineoplásicos/uso terapéutico , Cisplatino , Terapia Combinada , Desoxicitidina , Supervivencia sin Enfermedad , Humanos , Estudios Retrospectivos , Vejiga Urinaria , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria/patologíaRESUMEN
Classic rabies is a progressive and lethal infectious disease of animals, which may be transmitted to humans. Inter-human infections are extremely rare. The present case describes transmittal of rabies virus by lung transplantation from an infected donor. Histologically, a lymphocytic encephalomyelitis with neuronal cytoplasmic inclusion bodies was found. Immunohistochemically, rabies virus antigen was detected in the central, autonomous and peripheral nervous system. By means of electron microscopy, virions were demonstrated in the brain. A central task of health care in transplantations is the detection of uncommon infectious agents and the prevention of their transmittal.
Asunto(s)
Trasplante de Pulmón , Rabia/patología , Rabia/transmisión , Donantes de Tejidos , Adulto , Encéfalo/patología , Complejo de Eisenmenger/cirugía , Encefalomielitis/patología , Femenino , Humanos , Inmunohistoquímica , Cuerpos de Inclusión Viral/patología , Microscopía Electrónica , Persona de Mediana Edad , Neuronas/patología , ViriónRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: Recent animal studies have revealed critical roles of interleukin (IL)17, which is produced by a newly identified subset of helper T cells, Th17 cells, in the development of autoimmune diseases including arthritis. However, in human rheumatoid arthritis (RA), detailed characteristics and the prevalence of Th17 cells are unclear. METHODS: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were obtained from 123 patients with RA and 28 healthy controls. Mononuclear cells were also prepared from synovial membrane or synovial fluid of 12 patients with RA. IL17 (IL17A) positive T cells were identified by a flow cytometer after ex vivo stimulation with phorbol myristate acetate and ionomycin. Disease activity was assessed with the 28-joint Disease Activity Score (DAS28). RESULTS: IL17 positive cells were detected in CD45RO+ CD4 T cells. Most IL17 positive T cells produced neither interferon (IFN)gamma nor IL4, but tumour necrosis factor (TNF)alpha similar to murine Th17 cells. The frequency of Th17 cells was neither increased in RA nor correlated with DAS28. Unexpectedly, the frequency of Th17 cells was significantly decreased in the joints compared with PBMC of the same patients with RA, whereas Th1 cells were more abundant in the joints than in PBMC. CONCLUSIONS: We could not obtain evidence that positively supports predominance of Th17 cells in RA. Further careful investigation is necessary before clinical application of IL17-targeting therapy.
Asunto(s)
Artritis Reumatoide/inmunología , Interleucina-17/biosíntesis , Subgrupos de Linfocitos T/inmunología , Linfocitos T Colaboradores-Inductores/inmunología , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Antirreumáticos/uso terapéutico , Artritis Reumatoide/tratamiento farmacológico , Células Cultivadas , Femenino , Humanos , Interferón gamma/biosíntesis , Leucocitos Mononucleares/inmunología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Membrana Sinovial/inmunología , Células TH1/inmunologíaRESUMEN
Production of B cell growth factor (BCGF) from B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) cells was demonstrated. Freshly isolated monoclonal B-CLL cells expressed surface mu, delta, B1, and Leu 1, but not Ba (an antigen expressed only on activated B cells). Upon stimulation with anti-IgM, they secreted BCGF, which could act on anti-IgM-stimulated autologous leukemic cells as well as anti-IgM-stimulated normal B cells. Cell lines established from these leukemic cells also constitutively secreted BCGF. The BCGF from B-CLL cells or established cell lines induced neither proliferation nor enhanced HLA-DR expression in resting B cells. These results show the presence of B cell-derived BCGF, which is distinct from BSF-1 and effective only on activated B cells. They also suggest that an autocrine mechanism may operate in the growth of B-CLL cells.
Asunto(s)
Linfocitos B/inmunología , Sustancias de Crecimiento/biosíntesis , Leucemia Linfoide/inmunología , Linfocinas/biosíntesis , Antígenos de Superficie/análisis , Linfocitos B/citología , División Celular , Línea Celular , Células Cultivadas , ADN/aislamiento & purificación , Humanos , Interleucina-1/análisis , Interleucina-2/análisis , Interleucina-4 , Monocitos/citología , Monocitos/inmunología , Tonsila PalatinaRESUMEN
Essentials Botrocetin-2 (Bot2) binds to von Willebrand factor (VWF) and induces platelet agglutination. We identified Bot2 residues that are required for binding to VWF and glycoprotein (GP) Ib. We produced a mutant Bot2 that binds to VWF but inhibits platelet agglutination. Mutant Bot2 could be used as a potential anti-thrombotic reagent to block VWF-GPIb interaction. SUMMARY: Background Botrocetin-2 (Bot2) is a botrocetin-like protein composed of α and ß subunits that have been cloned from the snake Bothrops jararaca. Bot2 binds specifically to von Willebrand factor (VWF), and the complex induces glycoprotein (GP) Ib-dependent platelet agglutination. Objectives To exploit Bot2's VWF-binding capacity in order to attempt to create a mutant Bot2 that binds to VWF but inhibits platelet agglutination. Methods and Results Several point mutations were introduced into Bot2 cDNA, and the recombinant protein (recombinant Bot2 [rBot2]) was purified on an anti-botrocetin column. The mutant rBot2 with either Ala at Asp70 in the ß subunit (Aspß70Ala), or Argß115Ala and Lysß117Ala, showed reduced platelet agglutination-inducing activity. rBot2 with Aspß70Ala showed little binding activity towards immobilized VWF on an ELISA plate, whereas rBot2 with Argß115Ala/Lysß117Ala showed reduced binding activity towards GPIb (glycocalicin) after forming a complex with VWF. rBot2 point-mutated to oppositely charged Glu at both Argß115 and Lysß117 showed normal binding activity towards VWF but no platelet-agglutinating activity. Furthermore, this doubly mutated protein inhibited ristocetin-induced or high shear stress-induced platelet aggregation, and restrained thrombus formation under flow conditions. Conclusions Asp70 in the ß subunit of botrocetin is important for VWF binding, and Arg115 and Lys117 in the ß subunit are essential for interaction with GPIb. Doubly mutated rBot2, with Argß115Glu and Lysß117Glu, repels GPIb and might have potential as an antithrombotic reagent that specifically blocks VWF function. This is the first report on an artificial botrocetin that can inhibit the VWF-GPIb interaction.
Asunto(s)
Plaquetas/metabolismo , Venenos de Crotálidos/farmacología , Proteínas Mutantes/farmacología , Agregación Plaquetaria/efectos de los fármacos , Complejo GPIb-IX de Glicoproteína Plaquetaria/metabolismo , Factor de von Willebrand/metabolismo , Animales , Bothrops , ADN Complementario/metabolismo , Fibrinolíticos/farmacología , Células HEK293 , Humanos , Mutación Puntual , Unión Proteica , Conformación Proteica , Proteínas Recombinantes/farmacología , Resistencia al CorteRESUMEN
Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) is a potent angiogenic mitogen. To elucidate the effect of bFGF inhibitors in vivo, anti-bFGF immunoneutralizing monoclonal antibody was prepared. One monoclonal antibody against human bFGF, obtained by cell fusion and designated 3H3, completely inhibited bFGF-induced proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells at a concentration of 100 ng/ml. 3H3 did not bind to acidic fibroblast growth factor or HST1 protein, indicating high specificity for bFGF. Furthermore, the immunoneutralizing activity of 3H3 was examined in vivo. K1000 cells (a BALB/c 3T3 transformant in which the leader sequence-fused bFGF gene was transfected) were transplanted s.c. into BALB/c nude mice. Growth of the tumor cells was inhibited by i.v. treatment with 3H3 at a concentration of 200 micrograms/mouse. Histological observation showed that the antitumor effect of 3H3 was due to the inhibition of bFGF-induced angiogenesis. This experiment provides direct causal evidence for the hypothesis that tumor growth is angiogenesis dependent. This finding could also have implications for the development of novel therapeutic approaches to angiogenic solid tumors.
Asunto(s)
Anticuerpos Monoclonales/uso terapéutico , Factor 2 de Crecimiento de Fibroblastos/inmunología , Neoplasias Experimentales/prevención & control , Neovascularización Patológica , Animales , División Celular , Endotelio Vascular/citología , Factor 2 de Crecimiento de Fibroblastos/fisiología , Ratones , Neoplasias Experimentales/patologíaRESUMEN
Bloodstream infection (BSI) is a significant complication following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT). Corticosteroids mask inflammatory responses, delaying the initiation of antibiotics. We reviewed medical records of 69 allo-SCT patients who had been on >0.5 mg/kg prednisolone to investigate the efficacy of weekly surveillance blood cultures. A total of 36 patients (52%) had positive cultures, 25 definitive BSI and 11 probable BSI. Pathogens in definitive BSI were Staphylococcus epidermidis (n=7), S. aureus (n=4), Entrococcus faecalis (n=3), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n=5), Acenitobacter lwoffii (n=4), and others (n=10). The median interval from the initiation of corticosteroids to the first positive cultures was 24 days (range, 1-70). At the first positive cultures, 15 patients with definitive BSI were afebrile. Four of them remained afebrile throughout the period of positive surveillance cultures. Patients with afebrile BSI tended to be older (P=0.063), and had in-dwelling central venous catheters less frequently than febrile patients (P<0.0001). Bloodstream pathogens were directly responsible for death in two patients with afebrile BSI. This study demonstrates that cortisosteroid frequently masks inflammatory reactions in allo-SCT recipients given conrticosteroids, and that surveillance blood culture is only diagnostic clue for 'occult' BSI.
Asunto(s)
Corticoesteroides/efectos adversos , Bacteriemia/diagnóstico , Trasplante de Células Madre Hematopoyéticas/efectos adversos , Adolescente , Corticoesteroides/uso terapéutico , Adulto , Factores de Edad , Anciano , Bacteriemia/etiología , Bacterias/aislamiento & purificación , Técnicas Bacteriológicas , Cateterismo Venoso Central , Niño , Femenino , Humanos , Incidencia , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Prednisolona/efectos adversos , Prednisolona/uso terapéutico , Estudios Retrospectivos , Trasplante HomólogoRESUMEN
Structured frameworks for benefit-risk analysis in drug licensing decisions are being implemented across a number of regulatory agencies worldwide. The aim of these frameworks is to aid the analysis and communication of the benefit-risk assessment throughout the development, evaluation, and supervision of medicines. In this review, authors from regulatory agencies, pharmaceutical companies, and academia share their views on the different frameworks and discuss future directions.
Asunto(s)
Comunicación , Agencias Gubernamentales/tendencias , Medición de Riesgo/tendencias , United States Food and Drug Administration/tendencias , Efectos Colaterales y Reacciones Adversas Relacionados con Medicamentos/diagnóstico , Efectos Colaterales y Reacciones Adversas Relacionados con Medicamentos/epidemiología , Europa (Continente) , Predicción , Agencias Gubernamentales/normas , Humanos , Medición de Riesgo/métodos , Estados Unidos , United States Food and Drug Administration/normasRESUMEN
The de Morsier syndrome, or septo-optic dysplasia, is a developmental anomaly characterized by involvement of the optic system, hypothalamic-pituitary axis and septum pellucidum. Only a few anatomical observations are recorded. We report three new cases and review the pertinent literature. The neuropathological lesions varied as did the clinical features. The hypothalamic nuclei were most commonly involved, followed by the optic system and the septum pellucidum. Other lesions were found in the cerebral cortex, corpus callosum, olfactory system and cerebellum. The hypopituitarism appeared to have been secondary to hypothalamic damage rather than to intrinsic pituitary defect. A virtually normal histology and the usual endocrine cell populations were demonstrated by immunocytochemistry in the adenohypophysis. Damage to the neurophysin-containing cells of the hypothalamus explains the various degrees of clinically observed diabetes insipidus.
Asunto(s)
Encefalopatías/congénito , Hipotálamo/anomalías , Nervio Óptico/anomalías , Hipófisis/anomalías , Tabique Pelúcido/anomalías , Adulto , Encefalopatías/metabolismo , Encefalopatías/patología , Femenino , Humanos , Hipotálamo/patología , Recién Nacido , Masculino , Nervio Óptico/patología , Hipófisis/patología , Tabique Pelúcido/patologíaRESUMEN
A 13-year-old boy was the victim of attempted strangulation. His condition had returned to normal by the sixth day after the assault; however, from the seventh day, choreoathetosis, dystonia, and marked pseudobulbar paralysis developed in the boy. The computed tomographic scans and T2-weighted magnetic resonance images that were obtained at this time revealed low-density and high-signal intensities in the region of the bilateral putamen and caudate nucleus. These symptoms and the changes in his computed tomographic scans and magnetic resonance images subsided gradually during a 2-month period. Sequential analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid for gamma-aminobutyric acid and dopamine concentrations during his illness revealed reciprocal changes with normal recovery. Because of the delayed onset of neurological changes and the cerebrospinal fluid showing reversible symptoms, the delayed encephalopathy after strangulation had been related to the biochemical alterations that followed anoxia in the vulnerable basal ganglia.
Asunto(s)
Asfixia/complicaciones , Encefalopatías/etiología , Hipoxia Encefálica/etiología , Adolescente , Asfixia/fisiopatología , Encéfalo/patología , Encéfalo/fisiopatología , Encefalopatías/líquido cefalorraquídeo , Encefalopatías/diagnóstico , Núcleo Caudado/patología , Crimen , Dopamina/líquido cefalorraquídeo , Electroencefalografía , Humanos , Hipoxia Encefálica/líquido cefalorraquídeo , Hipoxia Encefálica/diagnóstico , Hipoxia Encefálica/fisiopatología , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Masculino , Putamen/patología , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X , Ácido gamma-Aminobutírico/líquido cefalorraquídeoRESUMEN
The authors report a new murine model for myotonia congenita designated as B6MT. This line spontaneously arose from breeding of transgenic C57BL/6CrSlc mice, irrelevant of the transgene. The B6MT mouse showed moderate to severe action myotonia, and electromyography revealed myotonic discharge. The phenotype was transmitted with autosomal recessive inheritance. Molecular genetic study of the ClC-1 and the SCN4A genes revealed polymorphism with no functional consequences.
Asunto(s)
Canales de Cloruro/genética , Miotonía Congénita/genética , Canales de Sodio/genética , Sustitución de Aminoácidos/genética , Animales , Secuencia de Bases/genética , Humanos , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Ratones Transgénicos , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Músculo Esquelético/patología , Músculo Esquelético/fisiopatología , Mutación Missense/genética , Miotonía Congénita/patología , Miotonía Congénita/fisiopatología , Canal de Sodio Activado por Voltaje NAV1.4RESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the long-term effects of two widely used antiepileptic medications, valproate and phenobarbital, on learning and behavior in the kainic acid (KA) model of epilepsy. BACKGROUND: Prior clinical and animal studies have demonstrated that phenobarbital administered during development may result in subsequent cognitive impairment. It is unclear whether these adverse effects of phenobarbital extend to other antiepileptic drugs. METHODS: A convulsant dose of KA was administered to rats on postnatal day (P) 35. From P36-75 rats received daily injections of phenobarbital (PH), valproate (VPA), or saline and spontaneous seizure frequency was monitored with video recordings. After tapering of the drugs, the rats were tested in the water maze (a measure of visuospatial memory) and handling test (a measure of emotionality). Brains were then analyzed for histologic lesions. RESULTS: KA caused status epilepticus in all the rats. In the PH- and saline-treated groups, there was impaired learning in the water maze, increased emotionality, recurrent seizures, and histologic lesions in the hippocampal areas CA3, CA1, and dentate hilus. However, VPA-treated rats had no spontaneous seizures, abnormalities in handling, or deficits in visuospatial learning, and had fewer histologic lesions than animals receiving KA alone. CONCLUSIONS: The long-term consequences of AED treatment during development are related to the drug used. VPA treatment after KA-induced status epilepticus prevents many of the neurologic sequelae typically seen after KA.
Asunto(s)
Anticonvulsivantes/farmacología , Fenobarbital/farmacología , Estado Epiléptico/tratamiento farmacológico , Ácido Valproico/farmacología , Animales , Anticonvulsivantes/sangre , Conducta Animal/efectos de los fármacos , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Agonistas de Aminoácidos Excitadores , Hipocampo/patología , Hipocampo/fisiopatología , Ácido Kaínico , Masculino , Aprendizaje por Laberinto/efectos de los fármacos , Fenobarbital/sangre , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Estado Epiléptico/inducido químicamente , Estrés Fisiológico , Ácido Valproico/sangreRESUMEN
We report a rare case of adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) in which the patient had an acute type of ATL involving the central nervous system (CNS) after remission of adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) due to human T lymphotropic virus type 1 associated bronchopneumopathy. A 62-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of ARDS. Pulse therapy with methylprednisolone improved ARDS, but she fell into a coma due to ATL and CNS invasion 5 months after recovery. Although chemotherapy decreased the fraction of abnormal lymphocytes, her consciousness level did not improve and she died.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias del Sistema Nervioso Central/complicaciones , Leucemia-Linfoma de Células T del Adulto/complicaciones , Neumonía/complicaciones , Síndrome de Dificultad Respiratoria/complicaciones , Neoplasias del Sistema Nervioso Central/diagnóstico , Femenino , Humanos , Leucemia-Linfoma de Células T del Adulto/diagnóstico , Pulmón/diagnóstico por imagen , Persona de Mediana Edad , Neumonía/diagnóstico por imagen , RadiografíaRESUMEN
A 67-year-old man with AML, who had a 21-year history of psoriasis without remission, received a reduced-intensity transplantation from an HLA-identical sibling. The preparative regimen consisted of busulfan and fludarabine. Graft-versus-host-disease (GVHD) prophylaxis was cyclosporine and methotrexate. Psoriasis was completely resolved on day 18. The subsequent clinical course was uneventful until day 42, when psoriasis recurred at the same sites as before RIST. Peripheral blood examined on day 63 showed mixed chimerism with 54% recipient type. Cyclosporine was rapidly tapered off over the next 2 weeks. On day 90, 100% donor-type chimerism was confirmed. Subsequently, psoriasis improved simultaneously with the occurrence of mucositis and rash as a manifestation of GVHD. Scattered erythematous patches of psoriasis disappeared again by day 105. We initiated 0.5 mg/kg prednisolone on day 119, and resumed cyclosporine on day 133. At 7 months after RIST, he still suffers from chronic GVHD, but his psoriasis remains in remission for the first time in 21 years. The anti-psoriasis effect of the conditioning is mild and transient, while the graft-versus-autoimmunity effect, related to the induction of complete donor-type chimerism and GVHD, is more profound and persisting. A graft-versus-autoimmunity effect lies in the delicate balance between alloimmunity and immunosuppressant used for GVHD prophylaxis/treatment.
Asunto(s)
Trasplante de Células Madre Hematopoyéticas/métodos , Células Madre Hematopoyéticas/citología , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/terapia , Trasplante Homólogo/métodos , Anciano , Ciclosporina/farmacología , Enfermedad Injerto contra Huésped/patología , Efecto Injerto vs Tumor , Humanos , Inmunosupresores/farmacología , Masculino , Metotrexato/farmacología , Psoriasis/terapia , Inducción de Remisión , Factores de Tiempo , Acondicionamiento PretrasplanteRESUMEN
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation with a reduced-intensity regimen (RIST) in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) or myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). In all, 36 patients (median age 55 years) underwent RIST from an HLA-matched related donor between September 1999 and December 2002. The diagnoses included AML (n=14), leukemia evolving from MDS (n=10), and MDS (refractory anemia with excess blasts n=6, refractory anemia n=6). The RIST regimen consisted of purine analog (cladribine or fludarabine)/busulfan, with or without antithymocyte globulin. The regimen was well tolerated, and 34 patients achieved durable engraftment and most achieved remission after RIST. A total of 17 patients developed grade II-IV acute GVHD, and 27 developed chronic GVHD. Eight patients relapsed, and five of them received antithymocyte globulin (ATG) as part of the preparative regimen. A total of 12 patients died (four disease progression, six transplantation-related complications, and two others). Estimated 1-year disease-free survival (DFS) in low- and high-risk groups was 85 and 64%, respectively. We conclude that RIST can be performed safely in elderly patients with myeloid malignancies, and has therapeutic potential for those who fail conventional chemotherapy. In view of the significant association between GVHD or ATG and DFS, defined management of GVHD following RIST should become a major target of clinical research.
Asunto(s)
Antígenos HLA/química , Trasplante de Células Madre Hematopoyéticas/métodos , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/terapia , Síndromes Mielodisplásicos/terapia , Trasplante Homólogo/métodos , Vidarabina/análogos & derivados , Adulto , Anciano , Suero Antilinfocítico/farmacología , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Antineoplásicos Alquilantes/farmacología , Busulfano/farmacología , Complejo CD3/química , Cladribina/farmacología , Supervivencia sin Enfermedad , Estudios de Factibilidad , Femenino , Enfermedad Injerto contra Huésped/prevención & control , Efecto Injerto vs Leucemia , Factor Estimulante de Colonias de Granulocitos/metabolismo , Prueba de Histocompatibilidad , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Recurrencia , Factores de Tiempo , Quimera por Trasplante , Resultado del Tratamiento , Vidarabina/farmacologíaRESUMEN
To evaluate the feasibility of reduced intensity stem cell transplantation (RIST) with bone marrow from a matched unrelated donor (MUD), we retrospectively investigated 20 patients with hematological disorders who received RIST in the Tokyo SCT consortium from January 2000 to October 2002. The preparative regimens were fludarabine-based (150-180 mg/m(2), n=18) or cladribine-based (0.77 mg/kg, n=2). To enhance engraftment, antithymocyte globulin (ATG) and 4 or 8 Gy total body irradiation (TBI) were added to these regimens in nine and 11 patients, respectively. GVHD prophylaxis was cyclosporine with or without methotrexate. In all, 19 achieved primary engraftment. Three developed graft failure (one primary, two secondary), and five died of treatment-related mortality within 100 days of transplant. Seven of the 19 patients who achieved initial engraftment developed grade II-IV acute GVHD, and seven of 13 patients who survived >100 days developed chronic GVHD. At a median follow-up of 5.5 months, estimated 1-year overall survival was 35%. Compared with a TBI-containing regimen, an ATG-containing regimen was associated with a high risk of graft failure (30 vs 0%, P=0.0737). This study supports the feasibility of RIST from MUD; however, procedure-related toxicities remain significant in its application to patients.
Asunto(s)
Trasplante de Células Madre Hematopoyéticas/métodos , Prueba de Histocompatibilidad , Acondicionamiento Pretrasplante/métodos , Vidarabina/análogos & derivados , Adulto , Anciano , Suero Antilinfocítico/administración & dosificación , Trasplante de Médula Ósea/efectos adversos , Trasplante de Médula Ósea/métodos , Trasplante de Médula Ósea/mortalidad , Cladribina/administración & dosificación , Estudios de Factibilidad , Femenino , Enfermedad Injerto contra Huésped/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedad Injerto contra Huésped/etiología , Enfermedad Injerto contra Huésped/prevención & control , Enfermedades Hematológicas/terapia , Trasplante de Células Madre Hematopoyéticas/efectos adversos , Trasplante de Células Madre Hematopoyéticas/mortalidad , Histocompatibilidad , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Neoplasias/terapia , Estudios Retrospectivos , Análisis de Supervivencia , Acondicionamiento Pretrasplante/efectos adversos , Acondicionamiento Pretrasplante/mortalidad , Inmunología del Trasplante , Resultado del Tratamiento , Vidarabina/administración & dosificación , Irradiación Corporal TotalRESUMEN
Acute regimen-related toxicity (RRT) is minimal in reduced-intensity stem-cell transplantation (RIST). However, the Seattle RRT grading (Bearman et al), developed in the context of conventional-intensity transplantation, is frequently applied to RIST. We compared the National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria (NCI-CTC) version 2.0 with the Seattle criteria after RIST in 86 patients. RRT within 30 days of transplant graded by both sets of criteria were significantly associated with the outcome confirming the predictive value of both the systems. A total of 15 patients died of disease progression, and 12 of transplant-related mortality: RRT (n = 2), graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) (n = 7), infection (n = 1), and others (n = 2). GVHD-related deaths primarily resulted from infections after steroid treatment (n = 6) and bronchiolitis obliterans (n = 1). This study shows that NCI-CTC is appropriate in toxicity evaluation of RIST, and that its application to RIST enables a toxicity comparison between RIST and other types of cancer treatments. Since GVHD is a significant problem in RIST, modifications are required to evaluate immunological complications following RIST.