A diagnostic biomarker of acid glycoprotein 1 for distinguishing malignant from benign pulmonary lesions.

BACKGROUND: The acid glycoprotein 1 (AGP1) is downregulated in lung cancer. However, the performance of AGP1 in distinguishing benign from malignant lung lesions is still unknown. METHODS: The expression of AGP1 in benign diseases and lung cancer samples was detected by Western blot. The receiver operating characteristic curves, bivariate correlation, and multivariate analysis was analyzed by SPSS software. RESULTS: AGP1 expression levels were significantly downregulated in lung cancer and correlated with carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), CA199, and CA724 tumor biomarkers. The diagnostic performance of AGP1 for distinguishing malignant from benign pulmonary lesions was better than the other four clinical biomarkers including CEA, squamous cell carcinoma-associated antigen, neuron-specific enolase, and cytokeratin 19 fragment 21-1, with an area under the curve value of 0.713 at 88.8% sensitivity. Furthermore, the multivariate analysis indicated that the variates of thrombin time and potassium significantly affected the AGP1 levels in lung cancer. CONCLUSIONS: Our study indicates that AGP1 expression is decreased in lung cancer compared to benign samples, which helps distinguish benign and malignant pulmonary lesions.

Overexpression of SERPINA3 suppresses tumor progression by modulating SPOP/NF­κB in lung cancer.

The pathogenesis mechanism of lung cancer is very complex, with high incidence and mortality. Serpin family A member 3 (SERPINA3) expression levels were reduced in the sera of patients with lung cancer and may be a candidate diagnostic and prognostic survival biomarker in lung cancer, as previously reported. However, the detailed biological functions of SERPINA3 in the pathogenesis of lung cancer remain unknown. In the present study, it was aimed to explore the effects of SERPINA3 on the occurrence of lung cancer. SERPINA3 expression was assessed using bioinformatics database analysis and experimental detection. Then, the biological effects of SERPINA3 were investigated in a cell culture system and a xenograft model of human lung cancer. The potential regulatory mechanism of SERPINA3 in lung cancer was explored by data­independent acquisition mass spectrometry (DIA­MS) detection and further validated by western blotting (WB). The results indicated that SERPINA3 expression levels were significantly downregulated in lung cancer tissues and cell lines. At the cellular level, it was revealed that overexpressed SERPINA3 inhibited cell growth, proliferation, migration and invasion and promoted the apoptosis of lung cancer cells. Moreover, overexpressed SERPINA3 enhanced the sensitivity of lung cancer cells to osimertinib. In vivo, a xenograft model of human lung cancer was established with BALB/c nude mice. After the injection of A549 cells, the tumor growth of the tumor­bearing mice in the SERPINA3­overexpressing group increased more slowly, and the tumor volume was smaller than that in the empty­vector group. Mechanistically, a total of 65 differentially expressed proteins were identified. It was found that the speckle­type POZ protein (SPOP) was significantly upregulated in SERPINA3­overexpressing H157 cells using DIA­MS detection and analysis. WB validation showed that SPOP expression increased, and NF­kappaB (NF­κB) p65 was inhibited in cell lines and tumor tissues of mice when SERPINA3 was overexpressed. The present findings suggest that SERPINA3 is involved in the development of lung cancer and has an antineoplastic role in lung cancer.