One-Step Hydrothermal Synthesis of NVO Cathodes with Varied Lattice NH4 + Content: Effect on Structural Evolution and Electrochemical Performance.

Aqueous zinc ion batteries have been extensively researched due to their distinctive advantages such as low cost and high safety. Vanadium oxides are important cathode materials, however, poor cycle life caused by vanadium dissolution limits their application. Recent studies show that the lattice NH4 + in vanadium oxides can act as a pillar to enhance structural stability and play a crucial role in improving its cycling stability. Nevertheless, there is still a lack of research on the effect of the lattice NH4 + content on structural evolution and electrochemical performance. Herein, we synthesize vanadium oxides with different contents of lattice NH4 + by a one-step hydrothermal reaction. The vanadium oxides with lattice NH4 + exhibit high initial capacity, as well as good cycling stability and rate performance compared to bare vanadium oxide. Combined with electrochemical analyses, ex-situ structural characterizations, and in-situ X-ray diffraction tests, we reveal that the lattice NH4 + content plays a positive role in vanadium oxides' structural stability and cation diffusion kinetics. This work presents a direction for designing high-performance vanadium cathodes for aqueous zinc ion batteries.

Description of a pathogenic strain of Aeromonas dhakensis isolated from Ancherythroculter nigrocauda in an inland region of China.

Aeromonas dhakensis is reported as an emerging pathogenic species within the genus Aeromonas and is widely distributed in tropical coastal areas. This study provided a detailed description and characterization of a strain of A. dhakensis (202108B1) isolated from diseased Ancherythroculter nigrocauda in an inland region of China. Biochemical tests identified the isolate at the genus level, and the further molecular analysis of concatenated housekeeping gene sequences revealed that the strain belonged to the species A. dhakensis. The isolated A. dhakensis strain was resistant to five antibiotics, namely, penicillin, ampicillin, clindamycin, cephalexin, and imipenem, while it was susceptible to or showed intermediate resistance to most of the other 15 tested antibiotics. The isolated strain of A. dhakensis caused acute hemorrhagic septicemia and tissue damage in artificially infected A. nigrocauda, with a median lethal dose of 7.76 × 104 CFU/fish. The genome size of strain 202108B1 was 5 043 286 bp, including 1 chromosome and 4 plasmids. This is the first detailed report of the occurrence of infection caused by an A. dhakensis strain causing infection in an aquaculture system in inland China, providing important epidemiological data on this potential pathogenic species.

Two-photon fluorescence imaging using a tunable spectral window based on fiber supercontinuum.

Two-photon excitation fluorescence (TPEF) microscopy has evolved into a versatile tool in biological research. However, the multiplexing capability of TPEF microscopy is limited by the narrow spectral bandwidth of the light source. In this study, we apply a photonic crystal fiber in TPEF microscopy to broaden the excitation source bandwidth. We tuned the spectral window using a spatial light modulator as a programmable diffraction grating that was placed behind a prism pair. In addition, we combined a grating pair to compensate for dispersion to improve the two-photon excitation efficiency. The combination of a broad spectrum and a programmable grating enabled fast spectral window tuning rate on a time scale of tens of milliseconds. We demonstrate the performance of our method by imaging live B16 cells labeled with four emission spectrum overlapped fluorescent proteins.

A Novel Application of Fluorine Doped Carbon Dots Combining Vortex-Assisted Liquid-Liquid Microextraction for Determination of 4-Nitrophenol with Spectrofluorimetric Method.

A simple and fast vortex-assisted liquid-liquid microextraction (VA-LLME) combining with fluorescent carbon dots have been developed for the determination 4-nitrophenol (4-NP). The high fluorescent quantum yield (58.9%) fluorine doped carbon dots (F-CDs) were synthesized using tetrafluoroterephthalic acid as a fluorine source and using citric acid as a fluorine source and using ethylenediamine as a nitrogen source via a one-step hydrothermal method. F-CDs fluorescence was effectively quenched by 4-NP due to inner filter effect (IFE) and the strong interactions between functional groups (-COOH,-OH, -NH2 and -F groups) of the F-CDs and 4-NP. In VALLME method, n-octanol was employed as extraction solvent, and vortex-mix was exploited as a gentle mix method to reduce emulsification time and improve the extraction efficiency. The detection limits, the quantification limit and relative standard deviation for the 4-NP were found as 15 nM, 50 nM and 3.5%, respectively. Moreover, the obtained F-CDs can be employed as fluorescent probe to detect 4-NP in real environmental water samples.

Cellulose Synthase Mutants Distinctively Affect Cell Growth and Cell Wall Integrity for Plant Biomass Production in Arabidopsis.

Cellulose is the most characteristic component of plant cell walls, and plays a central role in plant mechanical strength and morphogenesis. Despite the fact that cellulose synthase (CesA) mutants exhibit a reduction in cellulose level, much remains unknown about their impacts on cell growth (elongation and division) and cell wall integrity that fundamentally determine plant growth. Here, we examined three major types of AtCesA mutants (rsw1, an AtCesA1 mutant; prc1-1 and cesa6, AtCesA6-null mutants; and IRX3, an AtCesA7 mutant) and transgenic mutants that overexpressed AtCesA genes in the background of AtCesA6-null mutants. We found that AtCesA6-null mutants showed a reduced cell elongation of young seedlings with little impact on cell division, which consequently affected cell wall integrity and biomass yield of mature plants. In comparison, rsw1 seedlings exhibited a strong defect in both cell elongation and division at restrictive temperature, whereas the IRX3 mutant showed normal seedling growth. Analyses of transgenic mutants indicated that primary wall AtCesA2, AtCesA3, AtCesA5 and AtCesA9 genes played a partial role in restoration of seedling growth. However, co-overexpression of AtCesA2 and AtCesA5 in AtCesA6-null mutants could greatly enhance cell division and fully restore wall integrity, leading to a significant increase in secondary wall thickness and biomass production in mature plants. Hence, this study has demonstrated distinct functions of AtCesA genes in plant cell growth and cell wall deposition for biomass production, which helps to expalin our recent finding that only three AtCesA6-like genes, rather than other AtCesA genes of the AtCesA family, could greatly enhance biomass production in transgenic Arabidopsis plants.

Mesoporous Silica for Triphase Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions.

Mesoporous silica SBA-15 is shown to be a very efficient alternative to phase transfer catalyst salts for two-phase nucleophilic substitutions. The two-phase reaction can efficiently take place in the absence of PTCs. The high catalytic activity and reaction rates can be attributed to the amphiphilic and negatively charged surface of SBA-15 as well as the rapid ingress of the reactants and egress of the products.

OsCESA9 conserved-site mutation leads to largely enhanced plant lodging resistance and biomass enzymatic saccharification by reducing cellulose DP and crystallinity in rice.

Genetic modification of plant cell walls has been posed to reduce lignocellulose recalcitrance for enhancing biomass saccharification. Since cellulose synthase (CESA) gene was first identified, several dozen CESA mutants have been reported, but almost all mutants exhibit the defective phenotypes in plant growth and development. In this study, the rice (Oryza sativa) Osfc16 mutant with substitutions (W481C, P482S) at P-CR conserved site in CESA9 shows a slightly affected plant growth and higher biomass yield by 25%-41% compared with wild type (Nipponbare, a japonica variety). Chemical and ultrastructural analyses indicate that Osfc16 has a significantly reduced cellulose crystallinity (CrI) and thinner secondary cell walls compared with wild type. CESA co-IP detection, together with implementations of a proteasome inhibitor (MG132) and two distinct cellulose inhibitors (Calcofluor, CGA), shows that CESA9 mutation could affect integrity of CESA4/7/9 complexes, which may lead to rapid CESA proteasome degradation for low-DP cellulose biosynthesis. These may reduce cellulose CrI, which improves plant lodging resistance, a major and integrated agronomic trait on plant growth and grain production, and enhances biomass enzymatic saccharification by up to 2.3-fold and ethanol productivity by 34%-42%. This study has for the first time reported a direct modification for the low-DP cellulose production that has broad applications in biomass industries.

A novel environmental exposure index and its interaction with familial susceptibility on oral cancer in non-smokers and non-drinkers: a case-control study.

The objective of this study was to explore the collective effect of environmental factors and its interaction with familial susceptibility on oral cancer among non-smokers and non-drinkers (NSND). A hospital-based case-control study, including 319 oral cancer patients and 994 frequency-matched controls, was conducted in Fujian, China. We raised a weighed environmental exposure index according to nine significant environmental factors obtained from multivariable logistic regression model. And then, the index was classified into three categories according to the tertiles of controls (<1.34, 1.34-2.43, and >2.43). Multiplicative and additive interactions were evaluated between environmental exposure index and family cancer history. Our results showed that environmental exposure index was associated with an increased risk of oral cancer especially for those with family cancer history. Compared to subjects with low environmental exposure index and without family cancer history, those with high index and family cancer history showed the highest magnitude of OR in oral cancer risk (OR 10.40, 95% CI 5.46-19.80). Moreover, there was a multiplicative interaction between environmental exposure index and family cancer history for the risk of oral cancer (P < 0.001). This study puts forward a novel environmental exposure index, which enables a comprehensive evaluation on the overall effect of environmental risk factors on oral cancer among NSND and may interact with family cancer history. Further studies are warranted to explore the underlying mechanisms.

[Effects of dietary factors on the incidence of tongue cancer in smoking and non-smoking population].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of dietary factors on tongue cancer in smoking and non-smoking population. METHODS: A case-control study was performed including 251 tongue cancer patients with pathologically confirmed in a hospital in Fuzhou and 1382 healthy community controls from December 2011 to March 2016. Face-to-face interviews were used to collect the information about demographics characteristics, dietary habits, smoking, drinking, etc. Unconditional logistic regression analysis was used to calculate the odds ratios( ORs) and 95% confidence intervals( 95% CI) to examine thedietary factors related to tongue cancer and to assess multiplicative interactions. RESULTS: Intake of fish ≥3 times/week, seafood ≥1 times/week, milk and dairy products ≥1times/week, green vegetables ≥1 times/day, non-green leafy vegetables ≥ 1 times/day and fruits ≥3 times/week were all associated with decreased risk of tongue cancer. When stratified by smoking, the protective effects of fish, seafood, green vegetables and nongreen leafy vegetables on tongue cancer were more obvious in smokers. And the statistically significant association between daily intake of meat ≥3 times/week and tongue cancer was only emerged in smokers( adjusted OR = 1. 55, 95% CI 1. 02- 2. 34). Moreover, there is a positive multiplicative interaction between smoking and meat intake( OR multiplicative = 2. 08, 95% CI1. 43-3. 03). CONCLUSION: Moderate intake of fresh fruits and vegetables, fish and seafood, milk and dairy products, and low intake of meat( especially for smokers) may reduce tongue cancer risk to a certain extent.

[Association between oral hygiene, chronic diseases, and oral squamous cell carcinoma].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between oral hygiene, chronic diseases, and oral squamous cell carcinoma. METHODS: We performed a case-control study with 414 cases and 870 controls in Fujian during September 2010 to January 2015. Patients were newly diagnosed oral squamous cell carcinoma cases according to the pathologic diagnoses, control subjects were enrolled from community population. Epidemiological data were collected by in-person interviews using a standard questionnaire. The contents of the questionnaire included demography character, history of tobacco smoking and alcohol drinking, dietary habits, oral hygiene status, family history of cancer, etc. Using unconditional logistic regression analysis to estimate adjusted odds ratios (OR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) for oral hygiene and chronic diseases. We also stratified by sex, smoking and drinking to explore possible difference in association between subgroups. RESULTS: The multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that number of teeth (20-27 and < 20), bad prosthesis, recurrent oral ulceration were the risk factors of oral squamous cell carcinoma, the adjusted OR (95% CI) values were 2.01 (1.49-2.73), 3.51 (2.39-5.15), 2.33 (1.79-3.04), 3.96 (2.11-7.44), respectively; brushing tooth once per bay, brushing tooth more than once per day, regular oral health examination at least 5 years per time were the protective factors of oral squamous cell carcinoma, the adjusted OR (95% CI) values were 0.24 (0.13-0.43), 0.13 (0.07-0.24), 0.37 (0.26-0.53), respectively. The stratification analysis indicated that recurrent oral ulceration could increase the risk of oral squamous cell carcinoma for non-smokers and non-drinking, the adjusted OR (95% CI) value was 5.21 (2.42-11.18) and 4.71 (2.37-9.36); and a risky effect of hypertension on risk of oral squamous cell carcinoma was observed for non-smokers and non-drinking, the adjusted OR (95% CI) values were 1.70 (1.10-2.61) and 1.58 (1.07-2.34). CONCLUSIONS: Oral hygiene and chronic diseases could affect the incidence of oral squamous cell carcinoma.

[Effect of tea on oral cancer in nonsmokers and nondrinkers: a case-control study].

UNLABELLED: OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of tea on oral cancer in nonsmokers and nondrinkers. METHODS: A case-control study were performed between September 2010 and January 2015 including 203 oral cancer cases in nonsmokers and nondrinkers with pathologically confirmed and 572 community controls. The related information included socio-demographic characteristics, detailed information on tobacco smoking and alcohol and tea consumption, personal medical history, family history of cancer, and occupational history were collected from all subjects. Unconditional logistic regression analysis was used to calculate the odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) to examine the effect of tea on oral cancer and to assess multiplicative interactions between tea and passive smoking. We also stratified by age, sex, residence, and passive smoking to explore possible difference in association between subgroups. Additive interactions between tea and passive smoking were assessed using relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI), attributable proportion (AP), and synergy index (SI). RESULTS: Compared with non-tea drinkers, tea consumption (OR = 0.52, 95% CI: 0.34-0.81), age of tea drinking initiation (years) ≥ 18 (OR = 0.54, 95% CI: 0.34-0.85), duration of tea consumption (years) < 20 (OR = 0.49, 95% CI: 0.27-0.90), duration of tea consumption (years) ≥ 20 (OR = 0.55, 95% CI: 0.32-0.95), average daily tea consumed < 700 ml (OR = 0.52, 95% CI: 0.32-0.86), moderate concentration of tea consumed (OR = 0.56, 95% CI: 0.32-0.96), weak concentration of tea consumed (OR = 0.35, 95% CI: 0.16-0.77), drinking green-tea (OR = 0.48, 95% CI: 0.28-0.82) and drinking moderate temperature of tea (OR = 0.55, 95% CI: 0.31-0.98) could reduce the risk of oral cancer; Stratified analysis indicated the protective effects of tea drinking on female (OR = 0.53, 95% CI: 0.30-0.94), age < 60 years old (OR = 0.53, 95% CI: 0.29-0.97), live in the urban (OR = 0.38, 95% CI: 0.20-0.69) and no passive smoking (OR = 0.47, 95% CI: 0.25-0.86) population with nonsmoking and nondrinking was more obvious; Crossover analysis showed tea and passive smoking did not exist multiplication interaction relationship (OR = 0.95, 95% CI: 0.41-2.20) and addition interaction relationship (RERI = -0.15, 95% CI: -0.92-0.62;AP = -0.16, 95% CI: -1.06-0.73; SI = -0.18, 95% CI: -1.44-0.87). CONCLUSION: Tea consumption, age of tea drinking initiation, duration of tea consumption, average daily tea consumed, concentration of tea consumed, types of tea and temperature of tea might have impact on the incidence of oral cancer in nonsmokers and nondrinkers to a certain extent.

[Influencing factors for oral-maxillofacial benign tumors: a case-control study].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical influence factors of oral-maxillofacial benign tumors. METHODS: We conducted a case-control study with 113 cases newly diagnosed primary oral-maxillofacial benign tumors and 584 cases controls from a hospital in Fujian from September 2010 to January 2015. Epidemiological data were collected by in-person interviews using a standard questionnaire. The contents of the questionnaire included demography character, history of tobacco smoking and alcohol drinking, dietary habits, oral hygiene status, family history of cancer, etc. Unconditional logistic regression was used to research the relationship between the factors and oral-maxillofacial benign tumors. RESULTS: Multivariable analysis showed that risk factors of oral-maxillofacial benign tumors included: cigarette smoking index above 1 000, passive smoking before the age of 18, age of wearing bad prosthesis between 33 to 55 years old and high blood pressure; the corresponding OR (95% CI) values were 14.63 (3.88-55.13), 2.34 (1.19-4.62), 2.35 (1.17-4.73), 3.46 (1.71-7.00), respectively; Protective factors included: regularly intake of meat above 1 time/day, fruits, health care products and vitamin tablets, brushing teeth above 1 time per day and oral examination above 5 years/time, the corresponding OR (95% CI) values were 0.22 (0.07-0.70), 0.18 (0.08-0.41), 0.32 (0.11-0.88), 0.22 (0.07-0.73), 0.28 (0.16-0.48), 0.28 (0.13-0.60), respectively. CONCLUSION: Abstinence from tobacco smoking, reduce passive smoking before the age of 18, regularly intake of meat, fruits, health care products and vitamin tablets, and oral examination at regular time might have impact on the incidence of oral-maxillofacial benign tumors to a certain extent.

Somatic and Germline Variants and Coronary Heart Disease in a Chinese Population.

Importance: The genetic basis of coronary heart disease (CHD) has expanded from a germline to somatic genome, including clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP). How CHIP confers CHD risk in East Asian individuals, especially those with small clones (variant allele fraction [VAF] 0.5%-2%) and different genetic backgrounds, was completely unknown. Objective: To investigate the CHIP profile in a general Chinese cohort by deep sequencing and further explore the association between CHIP and incident CHD considering germline predisposition. Design, Setting, and Participants: This cohort study used data from 3 prospective cohorts in the project Prediction for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk in China. Participants without cardiovascular disease or cancer at baseline were enrolled in 2001 and 2008 and had a median follow-up of 12.17 years extending into 2021. Exposures: CHIP mutations were detected by targeted sequencing (mean depth, 916×). A predefined CHD polygenic risk score (PRS) comprising 531 variants was used to evaluate germline predisposition. Main Outcomes and Measures: The main outcome was first incident CHD. Results: Among 6181 participants, the median (IQR) age was 53.83 years (45.35-62.39 years); 3082 participants (49.9%) were female, and 3099 (50.1%) were male. A total of 1100 individuals (17.80%) harbored 1372 CHIP mutations at baseline. CHIP was independently associated with incident CHD (hazard ratio [HR], 1.42; 95% CI, 1.18-1.72; P = 2.82 × 10-4) and presented a risk gradient with increasing VAF (P = 3.98 × 10-3 for trend). Notably, individuals with small clones, nearly half of CHIP carriers, also demonstrated a higher CHD risk compared with non-CHIP carriers (HR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.02-1.74; P = .03) and were 4 years younger than those with VAF of 2% or greater (median age, 58.52 vs 62.70 years). Heightened CHD risk was not observed among CHIP carriers with low PRS (HR, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.64-1.64; P = .92), while high PRS and CHIP jointly contributed a 2.23-fold increase in risk (95% CI, 1.51-3.29; P = 6.29 × 10-5) compared with non-CHIP carriers with low PRS. Interestingly, the diversity in CHIP-related CHD risk within each PRS group was substantially diminished when removing variants in the inflammatory pathway from the PRS. Conclusions: This study revealed that elevated CHD risk attributed to CHIP was nonnegligible even for small clones. Inflammation genes involved in CHD could aggravate or abrogate CHIP-related CHD risk.

Link Brain-Wide Projectome to Neuronal Dynamics in the Mouse Brain.

Knowledge about the neuronal dynamics and the projectome are both essential for understanding how the neuronal network functions in concert. However, it remains challenging to obtain the neural activity and the brain-wide projectome for the same neurons, especially for neurons in subcortical brain regions. Here, by combining in vivo microscopy and high-definition fluorescence micro-optical sectioning tomography, we have developed strategies for mapping the brain-wide projectome of functionally relevant neurons in the somatosensory cortex, the dorsal hippocampus, and the substantia nigra pars compacta. More importantly, we also developed a strategy to achieve acquiring the neural dynamic and brain-wide projectome of the molecularly defined neuronal subtype. The strategies developed in this study solved the essential problem of linking brain-wide projectome to neuronal dynamics for neurons in subcortical structures and provided valuable approaches for understanding how the brain is functionally organized via intricate connectivity patterns.

A chromosomal-scale genome assembly of modern cultivated hybrid sugarcane provides insights into origination and evolution.

Sugarcane is a vital crop with significant economic and industrial value. However, the cultivated sugarcane's ultra-complex genome still needs to be resolved due to its high ploidy and extensive recombination between the two subgenomes. Here, we generate a chromosomal-scale, haplotype-resolved genome assembly for a hybrid sugarcane cultivar ZZ1. This assembly contains 10.4 Gb genomic sequences and 68,509 annotated genes with defined alleles in two sub-genomes distributed in 99 original and 15 recombined chromosomes. RNA-seq data analysis shows that sugar accumulation-associated gene families have been primarily expanded from the ZZSO subgenome. However, genes responding to pokkah boeng disease susceptibility have been derived dominantly from the ZZSS subgenome. The region harboring the possible smut resistance genes has expanded significantly. Among them, the expansion of WAK and FLS2 families is proposed to have occurred during the breeding of ZZ1. Our findings provide insights into the complex genome of hybrid sugarcane cultivars and pave the way for future genomics and molecular breeding studies in sugarcane.

A high-throughput phenotyping assay for precisely determining stalk crushing strength in large-scale sugarcane germplasm.

Sugarcane is a major industrial crop around the world. Lodging due to weak mechanical strength is one of the main problems leading to huge yield losses in sugarcane. However, due to the lack of high efficiency phenotyping methods for stalk mechanical strength characterization, genetic approaches for lodging-resistant improvement are severely restricted. This study attempted to apply near-infrared spectroscopy high-throughput assays for the first time to estimate the crushing strength of sugarcane stalks. A total of 335 sugarcane samples with huge variation in stalk crushing strength were collected for online NIRS modeling. A comprehensive analysis demonstrated that the calibration and validation sets were comparable. By applying a modified partial least squares method, we obtained high-performance equations that had large coefficients of determination (R2 > 0.80) and high ratio performance deviations (RPD > 2.4). Particularly, when the calibration and external validation sets combined for an integrative modeling, we obtained the final equation with a coefficient of determination (R2) and ratio performance deviation (RPD) above 0.9 and 3.0, respectively, demonstrating excellent prediction capacity. Additionally, the obtained model was applied for characterization of stalk crushing strength in large-scale sugarcane germplasm. In a three-year study, the genetic characteristics of stalk crushing strength were found to remain stable, and the optimal sugarcane genotypes were screened out consistently. In conclusion, this study offers a feasible option for a high-throughput analysis of sugarcane mechanical strength, which can be used for the breeding of lodging resistant sugarcane and beyond.

A high-throughput phenotyping method for sugarcane rind penetrometer resistance and breaking force characterization by near-infrared spectroscopy.

BACKGROUND: Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) is the core crop for sugar and bioethanol production over the world. A major problem in sugarcane production is stalk lodging due to weak mechanical strength. Rind penetrometer resistance (RPR) and breaking force are two kinds of regular parameters for mechanical strength characterization. However, due to the lack of efficient methods for determining RPR and breaking force in sugarcane, genetic approaches for improving these traits are generally limited. This study was designed to use near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) calibration assay to accurately assess mechanical strength on a high-throughput basis for the first time. RESULTS: Based on well-established laboratory measurements of sugarcane stalk internodes collected in the years 2019 and 2020, considerable variations in RPR and breaking force were observed in the stalk internodes. Following a standard NIRS calibration process, two online models were obtained with a high coefficient of determination (R2) and the ratio of prediction to deviation (RPD) values during calibration, internal cross-validation, and external validation. Remarkably, the equation for RPR exhibited R2 and RPD values as high as 0.997 and 17.70, as well as showing relatively low root mean square error values at 0.44 N mm-2 during global modeling, demonstrating excellent predictive performance. CONCLUSIONS: This study delivered a successful attempt for rapid and precise prediction of rind penetrometer resistance and breaking force in sugarcane stalk by NIRS assay. These established models can be used to improve phenotyping jobs for sugarcane germplasm on a large scale.

Egg consumption and risk of coronary artery disease, potential amplification by high genetic susceptibility: a prospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Remarkable heterogeneity has been observed among population-based studies on egg consumption and risk of coronary artery disease (CAD). Whether genetic susceptibility serves as a potential explanation for this inconsistency remains unknown. OBJECTIVES: We performed a prospective cohort study to investigate the association of egg consumption with incident CAD at different genetic susceptibilities. METHODS: We included 34,111 participants without CAD at baseline from the project of Prediction for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk in China. Egg consumption was assessed with food frequency questionnaires. Genetic susceptibility was quantified by a predefined polygenic risk score (PRS) with 540 genetic variants. The hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) of incident CAD associated with egg consumption and PRS were estimated using the Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS: Over a median 11.7 y of follow-up, 1,128 incident cases of CAD were recorded. Both higher egg consumption and increased PRS were related to higher risk of CAD. When stratified by genetic risk, each increment of 3 eggs/wk was associated with a 5% higher risk of CAD for participants at low to intermediate genetic risk (HR: 1.05; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.09), whereas risk increased to HR 1.10 (95% CI: 1.05, 1.16) for those at high genetic risk; a significant synergistic interaction was also indicated at both multiplicative (Pinteraction = 0.007) and additive (relative excess risk: 0.73; 95% CI: 0.24, 1.22) scales. When the joint effect was examined, in comparison with those at low to intermediate genetic risk and consuming <1 egg/wk, the HR (95% CI) was 2.95 (2.41, 3.62) for participants with high genetic risk and consumption of ≥10 eggs/wk, and the corresponding standardized 10-y CAD rates increased from 1.37% to 4.24%. CONCLUSIONS: Genetic predisposition may synergistically interact with egg consumption in relation to increased CAD risk. PRS-stratified recommendations on egg consumption may help formulate personalized nutrition policies.

Prevalence and genetic diversity of Aeromonas veronii isolated from aquaculture systems in the Poyang Lake area, China.

The area around Poyang Lake is the main aquaculture area in Jiangxi Province, China, and an important base for the supply of freshwater aquatic products. Aquaculture in the Poyang Lake area is severely threatened by diseases caused by bacterial pathogens, and Aeromonas veronii has been the main pathogen in recent years. In this paper, ERIC-PCR genotyping, virulence gene and antimicrobial resistance gene detection, and drug susceptibility tests were carried out on 46 A. veronii isolates obtained from aquaculture systems in the Poyang Lake area from 2016 to 2020. The results showed that the A. veronii strains in the Poyang Lake area had high genetic diversity, and 46 strains produced 36 ERIC genotypes. There were no geographical and temporal differences in the cluster analysis results and no dominant clones. All 13 virulence genes tested were detected, and all isolates had harbored 2 or more virulence genes, with a maximum of 12 virulence genes detected. Among the 22 antimicrobial resistance genes selected, 15 were detected; 97.8% of the isolates contained 2 or more antimicrobial resistance genes, with a maximum of 9 antimicrobial resistance genes. Drug susceptibility tests showed that some strains were resistant to a variety of traditionally effective drugs for Aeromomas, such as enrofloxacin and florfenicol. This study provides a reference for exploring the impact of aquaculture in the Poyang Lake area on public health.

Stabilizing Layered Structure in Aqueous Electrolyte via O2-Type Oxygen Stacking.

Despite the high energy density of O3-type layered cathode materials, the short cycle life in aqueous electrolyte hinders their practical applications in aqueous lithium-ion batteries (ALIBs). In this work, it is demonstrated that the structural stability of layered LiCoO2 in aqueous electrolyte can be remarkably improved by altering the oxygen stacking from O3 to O2. As compared to the O3-type LiCoO2 , the O2-type LiCoO2 exhibits significantly improved cycle performance in neutral aqueous electrolyte. It is found that the structural degradation caused by electrophilic attack of proton can be effectively mitigated in O2-type layered structure. With O2 stacking, CoO6 octahedra in LiCoO2 possess stronger CoO bonds while Co migration from Co layer to Li layer is strongly hampered, resulting in enhanced structural stability against proton attack and prolonged cycle life in aqueous electrolyte. The findings in this work reveal that regulating oxygen stacking sequence is an effective strategy to improve the structural stability of layered materials for ALIBs.