Christianity.

The Christian faith is founded on the principle that human life is sacred, a gift from God, the Heavenly Father. Christians live to love and glorify God. Throughout life, they witness a myriad of life events covering the spectrum from euphoric highs to devastating lows. Be it joy or sorrow, faith in God, having been established through a personal relationship with His Son, Jesus Christ of Nazareth as Savior and Lord, sustains and guides every step. The end of life is the closing earthly chapter, often shared with family members, a chaplain, parish pastor, or another spiritual care provider assisting the dying Christian with compassionate and significant conversations. It is a time to complete preparations for the final journey every Christian takes from this life into the glorious eternal life prepared in heaven with God the Heavenly Father, Jesus Christ the Savior, family, and friends who have gone before. This chapter examines various rituals and practices of the Christian faith observed during the end of life, legacy or life review, funeral practices, burial rituals following death, beliefs about the afterlife that inspire and inform the great hopes of Christian living, and bereavement support for grieving.

Spirituality in cancer patients on phase 1 clinical trials.

OBJECTIVES: Patients with cancer who are at a transition to Phase I investigational treatments have been identified as an underserved population with regard to palliative care. This disease transition is often accompanied by spiritual and existential concerns. The study objective was to conduct a secondary analysis of data from a larger study testing a palliative care intervention. This paper reports the findings of this secondary focus on the spiritual needs of this population. METHODS: Patients (n = 479) were accrued to this study prior to initiating a Phase I clinical trial with data collected at baseline, and 4, 12, and 24 week follow-up. RESULTS: Qualitative data revealed that the transition to Phase 1 trial participation is a time of balancing hope for extended life with the reality of advancing disease. Quantitative results demonstrated increased spirituality over time in both religious- and non-religious-affiliated patients. CONCLUSIONS: Patients entering Phase I trials have important spiritual needs as they face treatment decisions, advancing disease, and often mortality. Spiritual care should be provided to seriously ill patients as a component of quality care.

Palliative care and spiritual well-being in lung cancer patients and family caregivers.

BACKGROUND: Spiritual well-being is an important dimension of quality of life (QOL) and is a core component of quality oncology and palliative care. In this analysis, we aimed to describe spiritual well-being outcomes in a National Cancer Institute (NCI)-supported Program Project that tested the effectiveness of an interdisciplinary palliative care intervention in lung cancer patients and their family caregivers (FCGs). METHODS: Patients undergoing treatments for NSCLC and their FCGs were enrolled in a prospective, quasi-experimental study. Patients and FCGs in the intervention group were presented at interdisciplinary care meetings and received four educational sessions that included one session focused on spiritual well-being. Spiritual well-being for patients was measured using the FACIT-Sp-12, and FCG spiritual well-being was measured using the COH-QOL-FCG spiritual well-being subscale. Multivariate analysis of covariance was undertaken for subscale and item scores at 12 weeks, controlling for baseline, by religious affiliations (yes or no) and group assignment. RESULTS: Religiously affiliated patients reported better scores in the Faith subscale and items on finding strength and comfort in faith and spiritual beliefs compared to non-affiliated patients. Non-affiliated patients had better scores for feeling a sense of harmony within oneself. By group, patients who received the intervention had significantly better scores for the Meaning/Peace subscale. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings support the multidimensionality of spiritual well-being that includes constructs such as meaning and faith for lung cancer patients and FCGs with or without religious affiliations. Palliative care interventions should include content that targets the spiritual needs of both patients and FCGs. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.