Multidimensional Deep Ultraviolet (DUV) Synapses Based on Organic/Perovskite Semiconductor Heterojunction Transistors for Antispoofing Facial Recognition Systems.

Reliably discerning real human faces from fake ones, known as antispoofing, is crucial for facial recognition systems. While neuromorphic systems offer integrated sensing-memory-processing functions, they still struggle with efficient antispoofing techniques. Here we introduce a neuromorphic facial recognition system incorporating multidimensional deep ultraviolet (DUV) optoelectronic synapses to address these challenges. To overcome the complexity and high cost of producing DUV synapses using traditional wide-bandgap semiconductors, we developed a low-temperature (≤70 °C) solution process for fabricating DUV synapses based on PEA2PbBr4/C8-BTBT heterojunction field-effect transistors. This method enables the large-scale (4-in.), uniform, and transparent production of DUV synapses. These devices respond to both DUV and visible light, showing multidimensional features. Leveraging the unique ability of the multidimensional DUV synapse (MDUVS) to discriminate real human skin from artificial materials, we have achieved robust neuromorphic facial recognition with antispoofing capability, successfully identifying genuine human faces with an accuracy exceeding 92%.

Dysregulation of mucosal-associated invariant T cells correlates with altered placental microenvironment in preterm birth.

Preterm birth (PTB) is a major problem affecting perinatal health, directly increasing the mortality risk of mother and infant that often results from the breakdown of the maternal-fetal immune balance. Increasing evidence shows the essential role of mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells to balance antibacterial function and immune tolerance function during pregnancy. However, the phenotype and function of placental MAIT cells and their specific mechanisms in PTB remain unclear. Here, we report that MAIT cells in placentas from PTBs show increased activation levels and decreased IFN-γ secretion capacity compared with those from normal pregnancies. Moreover, our data indicate gravidity is a factor affecting placental MAIT cells during pregnancies. Multi-omics analysis indicated aberrant immune activation and abnormal increase of lipids and lipid-like metabolites in the PTB placental microenvironment. Moreover, the proportion and activation of MAIT cells were positively correlated with the abnormal increase of lipids and lipid-like metabolites. Together, our work revealed that abnormal activation and impaired function of MAIT cells may be related to abnormal elevation of lipids and lipid-like metabolites in PTB.

Ethylenedioxythiophene-Based Small Molecular Donor with Multiple Conformation Locks for Organic Solar Cells with Efficiency of 19.3 .

Ternary organic solar cells (T-OSCs) represent an efficient strategy for enhancing the performance of OSCs. Presently, the majority of high-performance T-OSCs incorporates well-established Y-acceptors or donor polymers as the third component. In this study, a novel class of conjugated small molecules has been introduced as the third component, demonstrating exceptional photovoltaic performance in T-OSCs. This innovative molecule comprises ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) bridge and 3-ethylrhodanine as the end group, with the EDOT unit facilitating the creation of multiple conformation locks. Consequently, the EDOT-based molecule exhibits two-dimensional charge transport, distinguishing it from the thiophene-bridged small molecule, which displays fewer conformation locks and provides one-dimensional charge transport. Furthermore, the robust electron-donating nature of EDOT imparts the small molecule with cascade energy levels relative to the electron donor and acceptor. As a result, OSCs incorporating the EDOT-based small molecule as the third component demonstrate enhanced mobilities, yielding a remarkable efficiency of 19.3 %, surpassing the efficiency of 18.7 % observed for OSCs incorporating thiophene-based small molecule as the third component. The investigations in this study underscore the excellence of EDOT as a building block for constructing conjugated materials with multiple conformation locks and high charge carrier mobilities, thereby contributing to elevated photovoltaic performance in OSCs.

Humidity-Controlled Molecular Assembly and Photoisomerization Behavior with a Bubble-Assisted Patterning Approach.

Precise control of molecular assembly is of great significance in the application of functional molecules. This work has systematically investigated the humidity effect in bubble-assisted molecular assembly. This work finds humidity is critical in the evolution of the soft confined space, leading to the formation of microscale liquid confined space under high humidity, and nanoscale liquid confined space under low humidity. It is also revealed that the differences in surface wettability and adhesion play the key role. Consequently, a flat pattern with thermodynamically favorable ordered structure and a sharp pattern with dynamically favorable disordered structure are achieved, which show different solid-state photoisomerization behaviors and photoresponsiveness. Interestingly, conductivity of sharp pattern with disordered structure is higher than that of flat pattern with layered ordered structure due to electronic transport mechanism of different spatial dimensions. This work opens a new way for manipulating the molecular self-assembly to control the morphology and function of molecular patterns.

High-performance towing cable hydrophone array with an improved ultra-sensitive fiber-optic distributed acoustic sensing system.

A high-performance towing cable hydrophone array based on an improved ultra-sensitive fiber-optic distributed acoustic sensing system (uDAS) with picostrain sensitivity is demonstrated and tested in sea trial, for the first time. A new composite transducer is designed and optimized to enhance the acoustic pressure sensitivity significantly. A sea trial is carried out to test the performances of such a hydrophone array, including flow noise, underwater acoustic signal capture capacity, beamforming processing and localization of artificial source targets. The array exhibits high sensitivity and low noise floor. An average sensitivity of -129.23 dB re rad/µPa at frequencies from 10 Hz to 1500 Hz has been achieved. The localization at distances of 5 km and 10 km is realized, respectively, validating the excellent remote detection and positioning capability of the hydrophone system. The proposed towing cable system, with high sensitivity, simple structure and remote target localization ability, may pave a way for development of the next generation of high-performance light-weighting hydrophone arrays for towing applications.

Diazulenorubicene as a Non-benzenoid Isomer of peri-Tetracene with Two Sets of 5/7/5 Membered Rings Showing Good Semiconducting Properties.

Non-benzenoid polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have received a lot of attention because of their unique optical, electronic, and magnetic properties, but their synthesis remains challenging. Herein, we report a non-benzenoid isomer of peri-tetracene, diazulenorubicene (DAR), with two sets of 5/7/5 membered rings synthesized by a (3+2) annulation reaction. Compared with the precursor containing only 5/7 membered rings, the newly formed five membered rings switch the aromaticity of the original heptagon/pentagon from antiaromatic/aromatic to non-aromatic/antiaromatic respectively, modify the intermolecular packing modes, and lower the LUMO levels. Notably, compound 2 b (DAR-TMS) shows p-type semiconducting properties with a hole mobility up to 1.27 cm2  V-1 s-1 . Moreover, further extension to larger non-benzenoid PAHs with 19 rings was achieved through on-surface chemistry from the DAR derivative with one alkynyl group.

[Risk factors for neonatal asphyxia and establishment of a nomogram model for predicting neonatal asphyxia in Hubei Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture: a multicenter study]. / æ¹–åŒ—æ©æ–½åœŸå®¶æ—è‹—æ—è‡ªæ²»å·žæ–°ç”Ÿå„¿çª’æ¯å±é™©å› ç´ åˆ†æžåŠåˆ—çº¿å›¾é¢„æµ‹æ¨¡åž‹çš„æž„å»ºï¼šä¸€é¡¹å¤šä¸­å¿ƒç ”ç©¶.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the risk factors for neonatal asphyxia in Hubei Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture and establish a nomogram model for predicting the risk of neonatal asphyxia. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted with 613 cases of neonatal asphyxia treated in 20 cooperative hospitals in Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture from January to December 2019 as the asphyxia group, and 988 randomly selected non-asphyxia neonates born and admitted to the neonatology department of these hospitals during the same period as the control group. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify risk factors for neonatal asphyxia. R software (4.2.2) was used to establish a nomogram model. Receiver operator characteristic curve, calibration curve, and decision curve analysis were used to assess the discrimination, calibration, and clinical usefulness of the model for predicting the risk of neonatal asphyxia, respectively. RESULTS: Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that minority (Tujia), male sex, premature birth, congenital malformations, abnormal fetal position, intrauterine distress, maternal occupation as a farmer, education level below high school, fewer than 9 prenatal check-ups, threatened abortion, abnormal umbilical cord, abnormal amniotic fluid, placenta previa, abruptio placentae, emergency caesarean section, and assisted delivery were independent risk factors for neonatal asphyxia (P<0.05). The area under the curve of the model for predicting the risk of neonatal asphyxia based on these risk factors was 0.748 (95%CI: 0.723-0.772). The calibration curve indicated high accuracy of the model for predicting the risk of neonatal asphyxia. The decision curve analysis showed that the model could provide a higher net benefit for neonates at risk of asphyxia. CONCLUSIONS: The risk factors for neonatal asphyxia in Hubei Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture are multifactorial, and the nomogram model based on these factors has good value in predicting the risk of neonatal asphyxia, which can help clinicians identify neonates at high risk of asphyxia early, and reduce the incidence of neonatal asphyxia.

Photocatalytic hydrogen evolution based on carbon nitride and organic semiconductors.

Photocatalytic hydrogen evolution (PHE) presents a promising way to solve the global energy crisis. Metal-free carbon nitride (CN) and organic semiconductors photocatalysts have drawn intense interests due to their fascinating properties such as tunable molecular structure, electronic states, strong visible-light absorption, low-cost etc. In this paper, the recent progresses of photocatalytic hydrogen production based on organic photocatalysts, including CN, linear polymers, conjugated porous polymers and small molecules, are reviewed, with emphasis on the various strategies to improve PHE efficiency. Finally, the possible future research trends in the organic photocatalysts are prospected.

YOLO-SASE: An Improved YOLO Algorithm for the Small Targets Detection in Complex Backgrounds.

To improve the detection ability of infrared small targets in complex backgrounds, an improved detection algorithm YOLO-SASE is proposed in this paper. The algorithm is based on the YOLO detection framework and SRGAN network, taking super-resolution reconstructed images as input, combined with the SASE module, SPP module, and multi-level receptive field structure while adjusting the number of detection output layers through exploring feature weight to improve feature utilization efficiency. Compared with the original model, the accuracy and recall rate of the algorithm proposed in this paper were improved by 2% and 3%, respectively, in the experiment, and the stability of the results was significantly improved in the training process.

Regulating Crystal Packing by Terminal tert-Butylation for Enhanced Solid-State Emission and Efficacious Charge Transport in an Anthracene-Based Molecular Crystal.

Organic semiconductors with combinative high carrier mobility and efficient solid-state emission are full of challenges but urgently pursued for developing new emerging optoelectronics. Herein, by delicately regulating the crystal packing of an anthracene-based molecular crystal via terminal tert-butylation, we developed a superior high mobility emissive molecule, 2,6-di(6-tert-butylnaphthyl)anthracene (TBU-DNA). The unique "slipped herringbone" packing motif of TBU-DNA enables its appropriate exciton-exciton coupling and electron-phonon coupling, thus resulting in remarkably high solid-state emission (photoluminescence quantum yield, ΦF ≈74.9 %) and efficacious charge transport (carrier mobility, µ=5.0 cm2 V-1 s-1 ). Furthermore, OLETs based on TBU-DNA show an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 1.8 %, which is among the highest EQE values for single component OLETs reported till now. This work presents a crystal engineering strategy via exquisite molecular design to realize high mobility emissive organic semiconductors.

Long-Range Exciton Migration in Coassemblies: Achieving High Photostability without Disrupting the Electron Donation of Fluorene Oligomers.

In this work, photostable coassemblies from a nonphotostable fluorene oligomer (the energy donor) and a photostable oligomer (the energy acceptor) are fabricated. Long-range exciton migration over a net distance of about 370 energy-donor molecules to energy acceptors is demonstrated in such coassemblies. The fast and long energy migration allows harvesting of the excitation energy of energy donors by embedding a small number of energy acceptors for photostability enhancement. Importantly, embedding a small number of energy acceptors in coassemblies causes a negligible negative influence on the electron donation of energy donors that are desired in practical applications. The advantages of the coassemblies fabricated, that is, high photostability without disrupting the electron donation of energy donors, are well illustrated in fluorescence detection of trace explosives where prolonged working life and improved detection capacity are achieved.

New Synthetic Approaches to N-Aryl and π-Expanded Diketopyrrolopyrroles as New Building Blocks for Organic Optoelectronic Materials.

Diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) as a building block has been intensively investigated for organic semiconductors and light emitting materials. The synthesis of N-aryl DPPs remains challenging. Herein, we firstly report a new easily handled synthetic method toward N-aryl DPPs through H-DPP with diaryliodonium salt in the presence of CuI, which shows broad reaction scope. Sixteen N-aryl DPPs, including phenyl, furan and thiophene as flanking aromatic groups, were synthesized with yields up to 78 %. These N-aryl DPPs are fluorescent in both solutions and solid states, with quantum yields up to 96 % and 40 %, respectively. Moreover, we show that the reaction between H-DPP and diaryliodonium salt can lead to π-expanded DPPs by using Pd(OAc)2 as catalyst. Nine π-expanded DPPs were obtained in 27-61 % yields. These π-expanded DPPs exhibit good semiconducting properties with hole mobility of 0.71 cm2 V-1 s-1 , demonstrating that they are useful building blocks for high performance organic semiconductors.

A Bubble-Assisted Approach for Patterning Nanoscale Molecular Aggregates.

We demonstrate a new approach to pattern functional organic molecules with a template of foams, and achieve a resolution of sub 100 nm. The bubble-assisted assembly (BAA) process is consisted of two periods, including bubble evolution and molecular assembly, which are dominated by the Laplace pressure and molecular interactions, respectively. Using TPPS (meso-tetra(4-sulfonatophenyl) porphyrin), we systematically investigate the patterns and assembly behaviour in the bubble system with a series of characterizations, which show good uniformity in nanoscale resolution. Theoretical simulations reveal that TPPS's J-aggregates contribute to the ordered construction of molecular patterns. Finally, we propose an empirical rule for molecular patterning approach, that the surfactant and functional molecules should have the same type of charge in a two-component system. This approach exhibits promising feasibility to assemble molecular patterns at nanoscale resolution for micro/nano functional devices.

Synthetic Routes for Heteroatom-Containing Alkylated/Arylated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons.

Synthetic routes for heteroatom-containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (H-PAHs) with alkyl and aryl substitution are demonstrated. Three H-PAHs, including heteroatom-containing rubicenes (H-rubicenes), angular-benzothiophenes (ABTs), and indenothiophene (IDTs) were successfully synthesized by two key steps, including polysubstituted olefin formation and cyclization. Specifically, ABT and H-rubicenes were comprehensively investigated by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, NMR spectroscopy, UV-vis absorption, cyclic voltammetry, transient absorption, and single-crystal OFET measurements.

Network-based analysis reveals novel gene signatures in the peripheral blood of patients with sporadic nonsyndromic thoracic aortic aneurysm.

Thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA), a serious cardiovascular disease that causes morbidity and mortality worldwide. At present, few biomarkers can accurately diagnose the appearance of TAA before dissection or rupture. Our research has the intention to investigate the developing applicable biomarkers for TAA promising clinically diagnostic biomarkers or probable regulatory targets for TAA. In our research, we built correlation networks utilizing the expression profile of peripheral blood mononuclear cell obtained from a public microarray data set (GSE9106). Furthermore, we chose the turquoise module, which has the strongest significance with TAA and was further analyzed. Fourteen genes that overlapped with differentially expressed proteins in the medial aortic layer were obtained. Subsequently, we verified the results applying quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR) to our clinical specimen. In general, the Q-PCR results coincide with the majority of the expression profile. Fascinatingly, a notable change occurred in CLU, DES, MYH10, and FBLN5. In summary, using weighted gene coexpression analysis, our study indicates that CLU, DES, MYH10, and FBLN5 were identified and validated to be related to TAA and might be candidate biomarkers or therapeutic targets for TAA.

Monolayer Two-dimensional Molecular Crystals for an Ultrasensitive OFET-based Chemical Sensor.

The sensitivity of conventional thin-film OFET-based sensors is limited by the diffusion of analytes through bulk films and remains the central challenge in sensing technology. Now, for the first time, an ultrasensitive (sub-ppb level) sensor is reported that exploits n-type monolayer molecular crystals (MMCs) with porous two-dimensional structures. Thanks to monolayer crystal structure of NDI3HU-DTYM2 (NDI) and controlled formation of porous structure, a world-record detection limit of NH3 (0.1 ppb) was achieved. Moreover, the MMC-OFETs also enabled direct detection of solid analytes of biological amine derivatives, such as dopamine at an extremely low concentration of 500 ppb. The remarkably improved sensing performances of MMC-OFETs opens up the possibility of engineering OFETs for ultrasensitive (bio)chemical sensing.

Dicyclohepta[ijkl,uvwx]rubicene with Two Pentagons and Two Heptagons as a Stable and Planar Non-benzenoid Nanographene.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with hexagons/pentagons or hexagons/heptagons have been intensively investigated in recent years, but those with simultaneous presence of hexagons, pentagons and heptagons remain rare. In this paper, we report dicyclohepta[ijkl,uvwx]rubicene (DHR), a non-benzenoid isomer of dibenzo[bc,kl]coronene with two pentagons and two heptagons. We developed an efficient and scalable synthetic method for DHR by using Scholl reaction and dehydrogenation. Crystal structure of DHR shows that the benzenoid rings, two pentagons and two heptagons are coplanar. The bond lengths analysis and the ICSS(1)zz and LOL-π calculations indicate that the incorporation of two formal azulene moieties has an effect on the conjugated structure. The π-electrons of benzenoid and pentagon rings are more delocalized. Cyclic voltammetry studies indicate that DHR shows multiple oxidation and reduction potentials. Interestingly, DHR exhibits unusual S0 to S2 absorption and abnormal anti-Kasha S2 to S0 emission. Moreover, crystals of DHR exhibit semiconducting behaviour with hole mobility up to 0.082 cm2 V-1 s-1 .

[A clinical epidemiological investigation of neonatal acute respiratory distress syndrome in southwest Hubei, China].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical features and outcome of neonatal acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in southwest Hubei, China. METHODS: According to the Montreux definition of neonatal ARDS, a retrospective clinical epidemiological investigation was performed on the medical data of neonates with ARDS who were admitted to Department of Neonatology/Pediatrics in 17 level 2 or level 3 hospitals in southwest Hubei from January to December, 2017. RESULTS: A total of 7 150 neonates were admitted to the 17 hospitals in southwest Hubei during 2017 and 66 (0.92%) were diagnosed with ARDS. Among the 66 neonates with ARDS, 23 (35%) had mild ARDS, 28 (42%) had moderate ARDS, and 15 (23%) had severe ARDS. The main primary diseases for neonatal ARDS were perinatal asphyxia in 23 neonates (35%), pneumonia in 18 neonates (27%), sepsis in 12 neonates (18%), and meconium aspiration syndrome in 10 neonates (15%). Among the 66 neonates with ARDS, 10 neonates (15%) were born to the mothers with an age of ≥35 years, 30 neonates (45%) suffered from intrauterine distress, 32 neonates (49%) had a 1-minute Apgar score of 0 to 7 points, 24 neonates (36%) had abnormal fetal heart monitoring results, and 21 neonates (32%) experienced meconium staining of amniotic fluid. Intraventricular hemorrhage was the most common comorbidity (12 neonates), followed by neonatal shock (9 neonates) and patent ductus arteriosus (8 neonates). All 66 neonates with ARDS were treated with mechanical ventilation in addition to the treatment for primary diseases. Among the 66 neonates with ARDS, 10 died, with a mortality rate of 15% (10/66), and 56 neonates were improved or cured, with a survival rate of 85% (56/66). CONCLUSIONS: Neonatal ARDS in southwest Hubei is mostly mild or moderate. Perinatal asphyxia and infection may be the main causes of neonatal ARDS in this area. Intraventricular hemorrhage is the most common comorbidity. Neonates with ARDS tend to have a high survival rate after multimodality treatment.

Corannurylene Pentapetalae.

Despite the great advances in the synthesis of diverse nonplanar graphenoids, investigations into the relationship between structural features and intermolecular interactions still present significant challenges. Herein, the novel nonplanar graphenoid structure, corannurylene pentapetalae (CRP), obtained via bottom-up syntheses of hybridization between perylene diimide (PDI) planar fragments and a corannulene curved core, is presented. Single crystal studies reveal a D5-symmetric as well as a C2-symmetric graphenoid corannurylene pentapetalae. The D5-symmetric structure has a unique honeycomb lattice with two chiral honeycomb layers alternately stacked, whereas the C2-symmetric CRP forms dimer units via π-π stacking. Transistor devices demonstrate that, without any π-π stacking, the honeycomb lattice of the D5-symmetric CRP has the potential to also facilitate electron transport.

Organic semiconductor crystals.

Organic semiconductors have attracted a lot of attention since the discovery of highly doped conductive polymers, due to the potential application in field-effect transistors (OFETs), light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) and photovoltaic cells (OPVs). Single crystals of organic semiconductors are particularly intriguing because they are free of grain boundaries and have long-range periodic order as well as minimal traps and defects. Hence, organic semiconductor crystals provide a powerful tool for revealing the intrinsic properties, examining the structure-property relationships, demonstrating the important factors for high performance devices and uncovering fundamental physics in organic semiconductors. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the molecular packing, morphology and charge transport features of organic semiconductor crystals, the control of crystallization for achieving high quality crystals and the device physics in the three main applications. We hope that this comprehensive summary can give a clear picture of the state-of-art status and guide future work in this area.