Fast Determination of Optimal Transmission Rate for Wireless Blockchain Networks: A Graph Convolutional Neural Network Approach.

One of the primary challenges in wireless blockchain networks is to ensure security and high throughput with constrained communication and energy resources. In this paper, with curve fitting on the collected blockchain performance dataset, we explore the impact of the data transmission rate configuration on the wireless blockchain system under different network topologies, and give the blockchain a utility function which balances the throughput, energy efficiency, and stale rate. For efficient blockchain network deployment, we propose a novel Graph Convolutional Neural Network (GCN)-based approach to quickly and accurately determine the optimal data transmission rate. The experimental results demonstrate that the average relative deviation between the blockchain utility obtained by our GCN-based method and the optimal utility is less than 0.21%.

B-cell lymphoma 2 ovarian killer suppresses testicular cancer cell malignant behavior, but plays a role in platinum resistance.

Testicular cancer (TC) is the most common malignancy in men. Although the 5-year survival rate of TC patients exceeds 95%, the prognosis of patients with platinum-resistant tumors remains poor because of limited therapeutic options. Overcoming chemoresistance is the key to improving survival in poor-prognosis patients. However, the mechanism remains poorly understood. B-cell lymphoma 2 ovarian killer (BOK) is a proapoptotic protein and functions as a tumor suppressor in malignancy tumors. In this study, we found that BOK was frequently downregulated in TC tissues compared with paratumor tissues. BOK overexpression inhibited TC cell proliferation and invasion. In contrast, BOK knockdown promoted TC cell proliferation and invasion. Surprisingly, either BOK overexpression or knockdown rendered TC cells resistant to Cisplatin (DDP). In conclusion, BOK downregulation may be associated with tumorigenesis of TC. BOK had the potency to suppress TC cell proliferation and invasion, and may function as a tumor suppressor in TC. However, BOK also contributes to Cisplatin resistance. These data may provide a wider perspective on TC research and treatment.