Dissecting the molecular mechanism of russeting in sand pear (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai) by metabolomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics.

Brown coloration and a rough appearance as russet and semi-russet (partial russet) are features unique to the popular Asian sand pear (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai). The degree of russeting is different between different genotypes. Russeting is sensitive to water fluctuations, where excessive rainwater can trigger/stimulate its development. However, the molecular mechanism of russeting is currently unclear. Here, we employed multi-omics, i.e., metabolomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics, and analyzed the effect of different sand pear genotypes and artificial rainfall on russeting of pear fruits. This led to the identification of 79, 64, and 29 differentially produced/expressed metabolites, transcripts, and proteins that are involved in the biosynthesis of suberin, phenylpropane, cutin, and waxes. Further analysis of these differentially expressed genes and their encoded proteins revealed that four of them exhibited high expression at both transcript and protein levels. Transient expression of one such gene, PbHHT1 (accession number 103966555), which encodes ω-hydroxypalmitate-O-feruloyl transferase, in young green non-russet fruits triggered premature suberization in the russeting pear genotypes. This coincided with increased production of 16-feruloyloxypalmitic acid, a conjugated compound between phenols and esters during the polymerization for suberin formation. Collectively, our data from the combined three omics demonstrate that russeting in sand pear is a complex process involving the biosynthesis and transport of suberin and many other secondary metabolites.

Impact of diabetes on prognosis of gastric cancer patients performed with gastrectomy.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the impact of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) on clinical outcomes of gastric cancer (GC) patients and explore whether metformin use and good glycemic control could reverse it. METHODS: Clinicopathologic data of consecutive GC patients who underwent gastrectomy at Nanfang Hospital between October 2004 and December 2015 were included. Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed to balance the important factors of the disease status between non-T2DM and T2DM group. The last follow-up time was January 2019. RESULTS: A total of 1,692 eligible patients (1,621 non-T2DM vs. 71 T2DM) were included. After PSM, non-T2DM group (n=139) and T2DM group (n=71) were more balanced in baseline variables. The 5-year cancer-specific survival (CSS) rate in T2DM group (47.0%) was inferior to that in non-T2DM group (58.0%), but did not reach statistical significance [hazard ratio (HR)=1.319, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 0.868-2.005, P=0.192]. While the 5-year progress-free survival (PFS) rate of T2DM group (40.6%) is significantly worse than that in non-T2DM group (56.3%) (HR=1.516, 95% CI: 1.004-2.290, P=0.045). Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that T2DM was an independent risk factor for PFS but not for CSS. In T2DM group, metformin use subgroup was associated with superior 5-year CSS and PFS in compared with non-metformin use subgroup, although the difference was not statistically significant (5-year CSS: 48.0%vs. 45.4%, HR=0.680, 95% CI: 0.352-1.313, P=0.246; 5-year PFS: 43.5%vs. 35.7%, HR=0.763, 95% CI: 0.400-1.454, P=0.406). The 5-year CSS rate was 47.5% in good glycemic control subgroup and 44.1% in poor glycemic control subgroup (HR=0.826, 95% CI: 0.398-1.713, P=0.605). And both two subgroups yielded a similar 5-year PFS rate (42.2%vs. 36.3%, HR=0.908, 95% CI: 0.441-1.871, P=0.792). CONCLUSIONS: DM promoted disease progress of GC after gastrectomy but had not yet led to the significant discrepancy of CSS. For GC patients with T2DM, metformin use was associated with superior survival but without statistical significance, while better glycemic control could not improve the prognosis.

PPARG modulated lipid accumulation in dairy GMEC via regulation of ADRP gene.

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARG) is considered to be a central regulator of lipid metabolism in mammary cells. Adipose differentiation-related protein (ADRP), a member of PAT family (Perilipin, ADRP, TIP47 family), plays a key role in lipid accumulation in mammary gland. It has been found that PPARG significantly promoted lipid storage in goat mammary epithelial cells (GMEC), which was abolished after knockdown of ADRP gene. The results of real-time PCR, Western blot and luciferase reporter assay for goat ADRP promoter showed that ligand-activated PPARG up-regulated the ADRP gene expression and activity of ADRP promoter. Moreover, PPARG directly interacted with a PPRE (PPAR response element) spanning at -1003 to -990 on ADRP promoter. In this study, to our knowledge, we are the first to verify the function of PPARG on lipid storage on cellular level of goat mammary gland and our results revealed a novel pathway that PPARG may regulate lipid accumulation by controlling the expression of ADRP gene.

Characteristic analysis and mitigation strategy for SSCI in series-compensated DFIG-based wind farm controlled by a virtual synchronous generator.

The proliferation of virtual synchronous generator (VSG) technology within series-compensated double-fed induction generator (DFIG)-based wind farms is substantially hampered by the attendant risk of subsynchronous control interaction (SSCI), resulting in a significant research deficiency on systematic control interaction analysis and the development of mitigation strategies. The paper proposes an advanced active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) framework, incorporating real-time compensation mechanisms to mitigate the inadequate suppression efficacy attributable to the VSG's diminished output impedance. Initially, the mathematical expression for the VSG output impedance is rigorously deduced, and the positive damping attributes of the VSG in relation to SSCI are elucidated from the perspective of underlying mechanistic principles. Subsequently, the suppressive mechanism of SSCI by the ADRC is revealed in the context of VSG involvement, and the consequent augmentation of SSCI attributed to PI control is systematically derived. In immediate succession, the quanta of oscillation and inductive cross-coupling are encapsulated as the system's aggregate disturbance, thereby streamlining the ADRC to its primary order configuration, permitting the utilization of an extended state observer (ESO) for the dynamic estimation of said disturbance. Furthermore, a fractional-order filter function is instituted to engineer an augmented ESO, which refines the output voltage of the grid-side converter. Concurrently, a meticulous discourse on the rectification strategy for the proposed ESO parameters and its stability ensues. Ultimately, the efficacy of the mechanism analysis, alongside the robustness of the proffered control strategy for SSCI mitigation under diverse perturbation conditions, is corroborated via impedance evaluation and time-domain simulation.

WITHDRAWN: Hidrosmin Attenuates Inflammatory Response Induced by IL1ß by Suppressing the Activation of NF-κB Involving Nrf2/HO1 Pathway in Human Osteoarthritis Chondrocytes

Since the authors are not responding to the editor's requests to fulfill the editorial requirement, therefore, the article has been withdrawn from the journal "Current Cancer Drug Targets"Bentham Science apologizes to the readers of the journal for any inconvenience this may have caused.The Bentham Editorial Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://benthamscience.com/editorial-policies-main.php. BENTHAM SCIENCE DISCLAIMER: It is a condition of publication that manuscripts submitted to this journal have not been published and will not be simultaneously submitted or published elsewhere. Furthermore, any data, illustration, structure or table that has been published elsewhere must be reported, and copyright permission for reproduction must be obtained. Plagiarism is strictly forbidden, and by submitting the article for publication the authors agree that the publishers have the legal right to take appropriate action against the authors, if plagiarism or fabricated information is discovered. By submitting a manuscript the authors agree that the copyright of their article is transferred to the publishers if and when the article is accepted for publication.

Multi-omics study of key genes, metabolites, and pathways of periodontitis.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to explore the key genes, metabolites, and pathways that influence periodontitis pathogenesis by integrating transcriptomic and metabolomic studies. DESIGN: Gingival crevicular fluid samples from periodontitis patients and healthy controls were collected for liquid chromatography/tandem mass-based metabolomics. RNA-seq data for periodontitis and control samples were obtained from the GSE16134 dataset. Differential metabolites and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the two groups were then compared. Based on the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network module analysis, key module genes were selected from immune-related DEGs. Correlation and pathway enrichment analyses were performed for differential metabolites and key module genes. A multi-omics integrative analysis was performed using bioinformatic methods to construct a gene-metabolite-pathway network. RESULTS: From the metabolomics study, 146 differential metabolites were identified, which were mainly enriched in the pathways of purine metabolism and Adenosine triphosphate binding cassette transporters (ABC transporters). The GSE16134 dataset revealed 102 immune-related DEGs (458 upregulated and 264 downregulated genes), 33 of which may play core roles in the key modules of the PPI network and are involved in cytokine-related regulatory pathways. Through a multi-omics integrative analysis, a gene-metabolite-pathway network was constructed, including 28 genes (such as platelet derived growth factor D (PDGFD), neurturin (NRTN), and interleukin 2 receptor, gamma (IL2RG)); 47 metabolites (such as deoxyinosine); and 8 pathways (such as ABC transporters). CONCLUSION: PDGFD, NRTN, and IL2RG may be potential biomarkers of periodontitis and may affect disease progression by regulating deoxyinosine to participate in the ABC transporter pathway.

Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children related with COVID-19 infection / 中国免疫学杂志

Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children is a disease related with severe acute respiratory syndrome corona-virus 2 infection,which can involve multiple system damage.Most cases included features of shock,cardiac dysfunction,gastrointestinal symptoms,significantly elevated markers of inflammation and cardiac damage,and positive test results for SARS-CoV-2 by serology.Although its clinical features overlap with Kawasaki disease,it is more likely to occur in older children and adolescents,and most of them need to be treated with intensive care and a variety of immunomodulators.At present,the pathogenesis and long-term prognosis of the disease need to be further studied.

Investigation of the population diversity of intermediate host snails and crabs of Paragonimus along Jiulong River, Zhangjiang River and Dongxi River basins in southern Fujian Province / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To investigate the population distribution of intermediate host snails and crabs of Paragonimus along the Jiulongjiang River, Zhangjiang River, and Dongxi River basins in Bopingling Mountain, southern Fujian Province, so as to provide baseline data for researches on parasitic disease prevention and control and enlargement of samples in the parasitic resource bank. Methods A total of 23 villages in 8 counties (districts) along the Jiulong River, Zhangjiang River, and Dongxi River basins in Zhangzhou City, Fujian Province were selected as survey sites during the period from November 2020 through March 2023, and snail and freshwater crabs were sampled from 1 to 3 streams and ditches neighboring residential areas in each village. Morphological identification of snails was performed according to the external morphological characteristics of collected snail shells, and the unidentified snail species sampled from the natural foci of paragonimiasis in Yunxiao County were subjected to se-quence analysis of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase 1 (CO1) gene. The crab species was identified by observing the morphological characteristics of the terminal segment of the first pleopod of male crabs, and Paragonimus cercariae and metacercariae were detected in collected snails. Results The shells of the unidentified snails sampled from the natural foci of paragonimiasis in Yunxiao County were approximately 50 mm in height and 18 mm in width, thick and solid, long tower cone-shaped, and had 8 to 10 whorls. CO1 gene sequence analysis identified the snail species as Sulcospira hainanensis. A total of 6 freshwater snail species belonging to 5 genera within 3 families, identified 23 survey sites, including Semisulcospira libertina, Paludomus zhangchouensis and S. hainanensis that belonged to the Family Pleurceridae, Tricula fujianensis and T. huaanensis that belonged to the subfamily Triculinae, Family Pomatiopsidae, and Melanoides tuberculata (Family Thiaridae), and 11 species of freshwater crabs belonging to 5 genera within 2 families were identified, including Sinopotamon genus of S. jianglense, S. pinheense, and S. zhangzhouense, Huananpotamon genus of H. planopodum and H. zhangzhouense, Nanhaipotamon genus of N. huaanense and N. longhaiense, and Minpotamon genus of M. nasicum and M. auritum that belonged to the Family Potamidae, and Somanniathelphusa genus of S. huaanensis and S. zhangpuensis (Family Parathelphusidae). In addition, the prevalence of P. westermani cercariae infections was 0.08% (2/2 317) in P. zhangchouensis from Danyan Village in Changtai District and 0.09% (1/1 039) in S. hainanensis from Jinkeng Village in Yunxiao County, and the prevalence of P. westermani metacercariae infections was 25.81% (8/31) in S. jianglense from Danyan Village in Changtai District, and 26.31% (5/19) in S. zhangzhouense from Jinkeng Village in Yunxiao County, respectively. Conclusions There is a population diversity in the intermediate host snails and crabs along the Jiulongjiang River, Zhangjiang River, and Dongxi River basins in Bopingling Mountain, southern Fujian Province, and P. zhangzhouensis and S. hainanensis are, for the first time, confirmed as the first intermediate hosts of P. westermani.

Characteristics of landslide-debris flow accumulation in mountainous areas.

Landslide-debris flow is a sudden geological hazard in mountain areas, which is characterized with large scale, fast speed and wide impact range, and often causes disastrous accidents. In this study, an indoor sliding chute test was used to study the movement process of the landslide-debris flow and its accumulation pattern in the valley, taking into account the initiated gradient and particle size distribution. Besides, the model test was reproduced by PFC and the numerical models were constructed to fit the actual situation of landslide-debris flow. The results show that the collision of particles occurs during the movement of landslide-debris flow, and obvious sorting phenomena occur in the final deposit. Coarse particles distribute in the front and surface of the deposit while fine particles distribute in the back and bottom. The initiated angle has a certain effect on the morphology of the deposit: larger initiated angle makes the deposit closer to the opposite bank of the valley. Particle gradation has a significant impact on the form and distribution of deposit as well, with the increase of the proportion of coarse particles, the deposit of fine particles shrinks to the center of the rear edge, the profile of the deposit is more flat and uneven, the deposit is closer to the opposite bank of the valley, and the angle of the deposit profile increases significantly.

Research progress in the immune escape mechanism of Trichinella spiralis / 中国人兽共患病学报

Trichinosis is a global food-borne zoonotic parasitic disease caused by Trichinella spiralis(T.spiralis),which causes serious harm to animal production,and the public health safety of humans and animals.T.spiralis has a complex devel-opment history,and its entire life cycle is completed in the same host.To coexist with the host,it has evolved various immune escape mechanisms for avoiding immune clearance by the host,thus establishing long-term chronic infection.In this study,to aid in understanding the pathogenic mechanism of T.spiralis,the immune escape mechanism of Trichinella is discussed from three aspects:the molecular role of antigens in various stages,the immune regulatory effect on the host,and the formation of cysts to generate immune isolation.

Effect of ropivacaine hydrochloride combined with sufentanil for intraspinal patient controlled analgesia in delivery analgesia and its influence on stress reaction and pregnancy outcome / 中国医师杂志

Objective:To investigate the effect of ropivacaine hydrochloride combined with sufentanil for intraspinal patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) in labor analgesia, and its influence on stress response and pregnancy outcome.Methods:The general data of 97 parturients who underwent intraspinal PCA delivery analgesia in Chengdu Seventh People′s Hospital from April 2019 to March 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. They were divided into the observation group (51 cases) and the control group (46 cases) according to different analgesia methods. The observation group parturients were given ropivacaine hydrochloride combined with sufentanil intraspinal PCA, and the control group parturients were given ropivacaine hydrochloride intraspinal PCA. The numerical scoring system (NRS) was used to evaluate the pain degree of the parturient before, 15 minutes after, 30 minutes after, 45 minutes after analgesia and when the uterine orifice was fully opened. The onset time of analgesia, the time of perfection of analgesia, the amount of ropivacaine hydrochloride, sufentanil and the total amount of analgesic drugs were counted. The levels of serum cortisol (COR), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and Norepinephrine (NA) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The time of the first stage of labor, the active stage, the second stage of labor, and the third stage of labor, the amount of vaginal bleeding (during labor and within 2 hours after delivery), the proportion of oxytocin application, normal labor, forceps delivery, lateral perineum resection, and caesarean section, the occurrence of adverse reactions (itching, fever, nausea and vomiting, urinary retention, and fetal bradycardia), and the Apgar score of newborns (1 min and 5 min after birth) were counted.Results:There was no statistically significant difference in the onset time and improvement time of analgesia between the two groups of postpartum women, as well as the NRS scores before and after analgesia at 15, 30, and 45 minutes, as well as when the cervix was fully opened (all P>0.05). The dosage of Ropivacaine hydrochloride and the total amount of analgesics in the observation group were significantly less than those in the control group (all P<0.05). After analgesia, the serum levels of COR, ACTH, and NA in both groups decreased significantly compared to before analgesia (all P<0.05); After analgesia, there was no statistically significant difference in serum COR, ACTH, and NA levels between the two groups (all P>0.05). The second stage of labor in the observation group was shorter than that in the control group, the vaginal bleeding volume and the proportion of caesarean section were lower than those in the control group, the proportion of normal delivery and the Apgar score 1 min after birth of the fetus were higher than those in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (all P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the analgesic effect and total incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups of postpartum women (all P>0.05). Conclusions:Ropivacaine hydrochloride combined with sufentanil intraspinal PCA can effectively alleviate labor pain, reduce the amount of analgesics, and improve maternal and fetal pregnancy outcomes.

Application of periodontal regeneration strategy by treating both symptoms and primary cause in natural tooth preservation / 中华口腔医学杂志

Teeth with severe periodontitis always have occlusal trauma, local anatomical abnormalities, mucogingival deformities or other factors that aggravate plaque retention or periodontal tissue damage. For these teeth, the author put forward the strategy of treating both symptoms and primary cause. That is, carrying out the periodontal regeneration surgery on the basis of analyzing and removing the primary cause factors. Through literature review and case series analysis, this paper discusses the therapeutic effects of strategy by treating both symptoms and primary cause on teeth with severe periodontitis, in order to provide reference for clinician work.

The role of CD4+ CD25+ Treg in the mechanism of autoimmune auditory neuropathy in SD rats / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective: To investigate the role of CD4+CD25+regulatory cell (CD4+CD25+Treg) in auditory neuropathy (AN) using a rat model of autoimmune auditory neuropathy. Methods: The SD rats were immunized with P0 protein emulsified in complete Freunds adjuvant for 8 weeks. The number of CD4+CD25+Treg in peripheral blood and cochlea and the expression of Foxp3 gene in cochlea were detected respectively 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks after the immunization with P0 protein in rats. Then CD4+CD25+Treg were transferred intravenously to the AN rats at 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks of the immunization, respectively. The change of auditory brainstem response (ABR) and distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) were detected, and the morphological changes in the inner ear were investigated. Results: The number of CD4+CD25+Treg in the peripheral blood of AN rats decreased gradually after 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks of P0 protein immunization. The number of CD4+CD25+Treg in cochlea gradually increased with the prolongation of immunization time, but the expression of Foxp3 gene in cochlea gradually decreased over time. After intravenous transplantation of CD4+CD25+Treg in AN rats, the threshold of ABR response decreased, and DPOAE had no significant change. The number of spiral ganglion neurons in cochlea increased, and hair cells had no significant change under electron microscope. Conclusions: The decrease in the number and function of CD4+CD25+Treg reduces its inhibitory effect on autoimmune response and promotes the occurrence of autoimmune auditory neuropathy in AN rats. Adoptive transfer of CD4+CD25+Treg can reduce the autoimmune response and promote the recovery of autoimmune auditory neuropathy.

Growth Performance and Post-Weaning Diarrhea in Piglets Fed a Diet Supplemented with Probiotic Complexes.

Weaning stress can affect the growth performance and intestinal health of piglets. Dietary alternatives to antibiotics, such as dietary probiotics, especially those containing multiple microbial species, are a preventive strategy for effectively controlling post-weaning diarrhea. In this study, we investigated forty-eight crossbred piglets in three treatment groups for 21 days: the control and experimental groups were supplemented with Enterococcus faecium DSM 7134, Bacillus subtilis AS1.836 plus Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 28338 (EBS) or Lactobacillus paracasei L9 CGMCC No. 9800 (EBL). On day 21, weaned piglets supplemented with two kinds of probiotic complexes showed increased growth performance and significantly reduced post-weaning diarrhea (p ＜ 0.05). The EBS treatment increased acetic acid and propionic acid in the feces (p ＜ 0.05), and the EBL treatment increased fecal acetic acid, propionic acid, butyrate and valerate (p ＜ 0.05). Moreover, the fecal microbiota of the piglets changed markedly in EBL treatment. The addition of EBS and EBL may have similar effects on the prevention of diarrhea by improving the intestinal morphology and regulating the microbiota during the weaning period.

Advancement in endovascular treatment of lower extremity therosclerotic occlusive disease / 国际外科学杂志

Lower extremity atherosclerotic occlusive disease is a common vascular disease, mainly peripheral arterial disease caused by atherosclerotic plaque formation of lower extremity arterial stenosis, occlusion, resulting in chronic ischemia of the limbs. In recent years, endovascular therapy has made remarkable progress and has become the treatment of choice for atherosclerotic occlusive disease of the lower extremities. With the continuous improvement of surgical methods, the success rate of endovascular treatment has increased dramatically, but there are some differences between different interventional modalities, and the adaptive population may be different, this paper provides a review of the current progress of endovascular treatment and combines the relevant literature at domestic and international.

Dose comparison of mammography with two photographic modes / 中华放射医学与防护杂志

Objective:To compare radiation dose between digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) and full-field digital mammography (FFDM), and explore the correlation of average glandular dose(AGD) with breast density and compression thickness.Methods:The mammographic data of patients with breast diseases who underwent digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) and the population who underwent full-field digital mammography (FFDM) screening in the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University from October 2020 to May 2022 were retrospectively collected. The compression thickness, compression force and AGD were recorded. According to the 2013 ACR BI-RADS MAMMOGRAPHY, the breast gland density was classified into 4 types: a(glandular tissue<25%), b(glandular tissue 25%~50%), c(glandular tissue 50%~75%) and d(glandular tissue >75%), by two senior doctors engaged in breast imaging diagnosis. The relationships between different gland densities, different compression thicknesses and AGD under FFDM and DBT mode were analyzed.Results:In both FFDM and DBT modes, the AGD increased significantly with the increase of breast density( F=861.63, 617.83, 330.33, 451.45, 290.47, P<0.001), and AGD a<AGD b<AGD c<AGD d. For type c and d breasts undergoing FFDM, AGD was lowest when the compression thickness was 31~40 mm. Under the same compression thickness, The AGD DBT was significantly higher than the AGD FFDMin all types (Type a: t=-17.88, -42.19, -29.90, -28.14, -24.95, P<0.001; Type b: t=-49.18, -35.94, -27.25, -28.37, -24.10, P<0.001; Type c: t=-11.78, -32.90, -23.13, -20.51, -18.24, P<0.001; Type d: t=-7.94, -26.24, -17.24, -15.44, -13.81, P<0.001). The difference between two AGDs of Type d with compression thickness of 61~70 mm was the largest, which was 1.07 mGy (95% CI: 0.92~1.22). The AGD was positively correlated with breast density and compression thickness, and the relationship of FFDM was stronger than that of DBT. Conclusions:The AGD is positively correlated with breast density and compression thickness in mammography. Compared with FFDM, DBT can increase AGD, The AGD would increase in DBT than FFDM but be safe. DBT would be beneficial to patients with breast diseases in clinical practice.

Resveratrol pretreatment alleviates NLRP3 inflammasomemediated cardiomyocyte pyroptosis by targeting TLR4/MyD88/ NF-κB signaling cascade in coronary microembolization-induced myocardial damage

Percutaneous coronary intervention and acute coronary syndrome are both closely tied to the frequently occurring complication of coronary microembolization (CME). Resveratrol (RES) has been shown to have a substantial cardioprotective influence in a variety of cardiac diseases, though its function and potential mechanistic involvement in CME are still unclear. The forty Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into four groups randomly: CME, CME + RES (25 mg/kg), CME + RES (50 mg/kg), and sham (10 rats per group). The CME model was developed. Echocardiography, levels of myocardial injury markers in the serum, and histopathology of the myocardium were used to assess the function of the cardiac muscle. For the detection of the signaling of TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB along with the expression of pyroptosisrelated molecules, ELISA, qRT-PCR, immunofluorescence, and Western blotting were used, among other techniques. The findings revealed that myocardial injury and pyroptosis occurred in the myocardium following CME, with a decreased function of cardiac, increased levels of serum myocardial injury markers, increased area of microinfarct, as well as a rise in the expression levels of pyroptosis-related molecules. In addition to this, pretreatment with resveratrol reduced the severity of myocardial injury after CME by improving cardiac dysfunction, decreasing serum myocardial injury markers, decreasing microinfarct area, and decreasing cardiomyocyte pyroptosis, primarily by blocking the signaling of TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB and also reducing the NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Resveratrol may be able to alleviate CME-induced myocardial pyroptosis and cardiac dysfunction by impeding the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and the signaling pathway of TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB.

Systemic lupus erythematosus associated macrophage activation syndrome with neuropsychiatric symptoms: A report of 2 cases / 北京大学学报(医学版)

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) associated macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) is clinically severe, with a high mortality rate and rare neuropsychiatric symptoms. In the course of diagnosis and treatment, it is necessary to actively determine whether the neuropsychiatric symptoms in patients are caused by neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE) or macrophage activation syndrome. This paper retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 2 cases of SLE associated MAS with neuropsychiatric lesions, Case 1: A 30-year-old female had obvious alopecia in 2019, accompanied by emaciation, fatigue and dry mouth. In March 2021, she felt weak legs and fell down, followed by fever and chills without obvious causes. After completing relevant examinations, she was diagnosed with SLE and given symptomatic treatments such as hormones and anti-infection, but the patient still had fever. The relevant examinations showed moderate anemia, elevated ferritin, elevated triglycerides, decreased NK cell activity, and a perforin positivity rate of 4.27%, which led to the diagnosis of "pre-hemophagocytic syndrome (HPS)". In May 2021, the patient showed mental trance and babble, and was diagnosed with "SLE-associated MAS"after completing relevant examinations. After treatment with methylprednisolone, anti-infection and psychotropic drugs, the patient's temperature was normal and mental symptoms improved. Case 2: A 30-year-old female patient developed butterfly erythema on both sides of the nose on her face and several erythema on her neck in June 2019, accompanied by alopecia, oral ulcers, and fever. She was diagnosed with "SLE" after completing relevant examinations, and her condition was relieved after treatment with methylprednisolone and human immunoglobulin. In October 2019, the patient showed apathy, no lethargy, and fever again, accompanied by dizziness and vomiting. The relevant examination indicated moderate anemia, decreased NK cell activity, elevated triglycerides, and elevated ferritin. The patient was considered to be diagnosed with "SLE, NPSLE, and SLE-associated MAS". After treatment with hormones, human immunoglobulin, anti-infection, rituximab (Mabthera), the patient's condition improved and was discharged from the hospital. After discharge, the patient regularly took methylprednisolone tablets (Medrol), and her psychiatric symptoms were still intermittent. In November 2019, she developed symptoms of fever, mania, and delirium, and later turned to an apathetic state, and was given methylprednisolone intravenous drip and olanzapine tablets (Zyprexa) orally. After the mental symptoms improved, she was treated with rituximab (Mabthera). Later, due to repeated infections, she was replaced with Belizumab (Benlysta), and she was recovered from her psychiatric anomalies in March 2021. Through the analysis of clinical symptoms, imaging examination, laboratory examination, treatment course and effect, it is speculated that the neuropsychiatric symptoms of case 1 are more likely to be caused by MAS, and that of case 2 is more likely to be caused by SLE. At present, there is no direct laboratory basis for the identification of the two neuropsychiatric symptoms. The etiology of neuropsychiatric symptoms can be determined by clinical manifestations, imaging manifestations, cerebrospinal fluid detection, and the patient's response to treatment. Early diagnosis is of great significance for guiding clinical treatment, monitoring the condition and judging the prognosis. The good prognosis of the two cases in this paper is closely related to the early diagnosis, treatment and intervention of the disease.

[Molluscicidal effect and mechanism of action of niclosamidate against Oncomelania hupensis].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the molluscicidal effect of niclosamidate against Oncomelania hupensis in laboratory and explore its mechanism by determining the enzyme activities of six important enzymes in snail soft tissues. METHODS: O. hupensis snails were treated with niclosamidate at the concentration of 1.25 mg/L for 24 h and the snail soft tissues were separated and prepared for analysis. The enzyme activities of NOS, AChE, SDH, LDH, ACP and AKP were determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometry. The morphology of the snail soft tissue was also observed. RESULTS: Niclosamidate exhibited a potent molluscicidal effect against O. hupensis at the concentration of 5.00 mg/L with a mortality of 96.67% by the immersion method in laboratory. After immersed with niclosamidate (1.25 mg/L) for 24 h, the enzyme activities of NOS, AChE, ACP and AKP were significantly decreased compared with those of the controls (all P < 0.01). There were no significant changes observed in the enzyme activities of SDH and LDH (both P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Niclosamidate possesses a potent molluscicidal effect against O. hupensis and its molluscicidal mechanism is probably by affecting the transmission of neurotransmitters, interfering with the circulation, metabolism and motor functions that require NO, and hindering the digestion and absorption of nutriments, which eventually result in the death of the snails.