AtbFinder Diagnostic Test System Improves Optimal Selection of Antibiotic Therapy in Persons with Cystic Fibrosis.

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is characterized by mutations of CFTR that lead to increased viscous secretions, bacterial colonization, and recurrent infections. Chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in persons with CF is associated with progressive and accelerated lung function decline despite aggressive antibiotic treatment. We report the management of respiratory infections in persons with CF with antibiotic therapy that was based on the recommendations of AtbFinder, a novel, rapid, culture-based diagnostic test system that employs a novel paradigm of antibiotic selection. AtbFinder mimics bacterial interactions with antibiotics at concentrations that can be achieved in affected tissues or organs and models conditions of interbacterial interactions within polymicrobial biofilms. This open-label, single-arm, investigator-initiated clinical study was designed to identify the efficacy of antibiotics selected using AtbFinder in persons with CF. Microbiological and clinical parameters were assessed following the change of antibiotic therapy to antibiotics selected with AtbFinder between January 2016 and December 2018 and retrospectively compared with clinical data collected between January 2013 and December 2015. We enrolled 35 persons with CF (33 with chronic P. aeruginosa colonization). Antibiotics selected using AtbFinder resulted in clearance of P. aeruginosa in 81.8% of subsequent cultures, decreased pulmonary exacerbations from 1.21 per patient per annum to 0, and an increase in predicted percent predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 s up to 28.4% from baseline. The number of systemic antibiotic courses used in patients after switching to the AtbFinder-selected therapy was reduced from 355 to 178. These findings describe the superiority of antibiotic regimens selected with AtbFinder compared with routine antimicrobial susceptibility testing.

[Distribution of bacterial spores in supermarkets].

This work presents results of the study on the environment prevalence of spores of aerobic bacteria, which are of potential danger to human health. The investigation of swabs from handles of supermarket trolleys revealed on their surface the presence of a large number of spores of unrelated pathogenic bacteria carrying as antibiotic resistance genes and the origin of genes protected by bacterial spores from harmful environmental conditions as well. The high resistance of bacterial spores to antiseptics and disinfectants can be considered as the reason for the their accumulation in the environment.

[The choice of antibiotic in microbiological analysis of phlegm.]

The efficiency of application of the test-system "Vy`borAntibiotika" (AntibioticChoice) in incubation of a maximal possible number of bacteria from pathologic material in case of pneumonia was studied. The results of meta-genome analysis permitted to establish that test-system support incubation of practically all bacteria detected in phlegm, including those attributed to so far non-incubated ones. The comparison of the results was carried out concerning a standard detection of sensitivity of bacteria to antibiotics and choice of efficient medicinal according the results of application of test-system "Vy`borAntibiotika". The obtained data demonstrates that test-system permits to choose antibiotic during 6-20 hours without isolation of pure strain.

[The choice of antibiotic in microbiological study of pyoinflammatory processes.]

The efficiency of application of test-system "Antibiotic Choice" was examined concerning evaluation of sensitivity to medications of maximal possible number of bacteria from pathological samples at burn trauma without isolation of pure culture. The results of metagenome analysis demonstrated that test-system permits supporting factually all bacteria discovered in wound discharge, including ones related to not cultivated yet. The comparison was carried out concerning results of standard identification of sensitivity of bacteria to antibiotics and efficient medication according the results of application of test-system "Antibiotic Choice". The obtained results demonstrate that test-system permits choosing antibiotic during 6-20 hours without separation of pure culture.

[CHOOSING ANTIBIOTIC IN MICROBIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF INFECTIONS OF URINARY EXCRETION SYSTEM].

The effectiveness of application of test-system "Choice of antibiotic" was evaluated as a tool for incubation of maximal amount of bacteria from pathological material under acute cystitis. The results of meta-genome analysis established that test-system permits supporting growth of practically all bacteria detected in urine, including ones relating to "uncultivated for the present". The comparison of results of standard detection of sensitivity of bacteria to antibiotics and identification of effective pharmaceutical according the results of application of test-system "Choice of antibiotic" as well was implemented It is demonstrated that test- system permits choosing antibiotic during 6-20 hours wiihout isolation of pure strain.

Seed dressing with M451 promotes seedling growth in wheat and reduces root phytopathogenic fungi without affecting endophytes.

Fungal plant infections result in substantial losses to the agricultural sector. A range of fungicide seed dressings are available to control seed-borne fungal diseases; however, they lack sufficient efficacy because of intrinsic tolerance and acquired resistance. Moreover, many fungicide seed dressings can also penetrate plants, negatively affecting plant growth owing to their toxic effects on endophytes, as well as contributing to the spread of antibiotic resistance. Here, we evaluated the efficacy of M451, a member of a new class of antimicrobial agents that are not relevant to human healthcare. As a seed dressing for wheat seeds, M451 exhibited significant antifungal activity against one of the most devastating plant fungal pathogens, Fusarium spp. Furthermore, M451 was more active than the commercially used fungicide Maxim XL against both seed-borne and soil-borne F. oxysporum infection. Importantly, and unlike other antifungals, M451 seed dressing did not inhibit any of the major characteristics of wheat grains and seedlings, such as germination percentage, germination time, grain vigor, shoot- and root weight and length, but rather improved some of these parameters. The results also demonstrated that M451 had no negative impacts on endophytes and did not accumulate in grains. Thus, M451 may have potential applications as an antifungal agent in wheat cultivation.