Electrocardiographic changes in a right-sided pneumothorax.

A pneumothorax is an extrapulmonary air accumulation within the pleural space between the lung and the chest wall. Symptoms usually reported include dyspnoea and chest pain. However, there are many life-threatening conditions with the same symptomology making early pneumothorax diagnosis challenging, such as acute coronary syndrome. Electrocardiogram (ECG) changes caused by left and right sided pneumathoraces have been reported, but awareness remains poor. This case describes a 51-year old male who presented with a right-sided pneumothorax, new ECG changes and elevated troponin. The case highlights the importance of recognising right-sided pneumothorax-associated ECG manifestations in patients presenting with acute chest symptoms.

Evaluation of loci to predict ear morphology using two SNaPshot assays.

Human ear morphology prediction with SNP-based genotypes is growing in forensic DNA phenotyping and is scarcely explored in Pakistan as a part of EVCs (externally visible characteristics). The ear morphology prediction assays with 21 SNPs were assessed for their potential utility in forensic identification of population. The SNaPshot™ multiplex chemistries, capillary electrophoresis methods and GeneMapper™ software were used for obtaining genotypic data. A total of 33 ear phenotypes were categorized with digital photographs of 300 volunteers. SHEsis software was applied to make LD plot. Ordinal and multinomial logistic regression was implemented for association testing. Multinomial logistic regression was executed to construct the prediction model in 90% training and 10% testing subjects. Several influential SNPs for ear phenotypic variation were found in association testing. The model based on genetic markers predicted ear phenotypes with moderate to good predictive accuracies demonstrated with the area under curve (AUC), sensitivity and specificity of predicted phenotypes. As an additional EVC, the estimated ear phenotypic profiles have the possibility of determining the human ear morphology differences in unknown biological samples found in crimes that do not result in a criminal database hit. Furthermore, this can help in facial reconstruction and act as an investigational lead.