RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Lung cancer is the leading cause of worldwide cancer deaths. While smoking is its leading risk factor, few prospective cohort studies have reported on the association of lung cancer with both active and passive smoking. This study aimed to determine the relationship between lung cancer incidence with both active and passive smoking (childhood, adult at home, and at work). PATIENTS AND METHODS: The Women's Health Initiative Observational Study (WHI-OS) was a prospective cohort study conducted at 40 US centers that enrolled postmenopausal women from 1993 to 1999. Among 93 676 multiethnic participants aged 50-79, 76 304 women with complete smoking and covariate data comprised the analytic cohort. Lung cancer incidence was calculated by Cox proportional hazards models, stratified by smoking status. RESULTS: Over 10.5 mean follow-up years, 901 lung cancer cases were identified. Compared with never smokers (NS), lung cancer incidence was much higher in current [hazard ratio (HR) 13.44, 95% confidence interval (CI) 10.80-16.75] and former smokers (FS; HR 4.20, 95% CI 3.48-5.08) in a dose-dependent manner. Current and FS had significantly increased risk for all lung cancer subtypes, particularly small-cell and squamous cell carcinoma. Among NS, any passive smoking exposure did not significantly increase lung cancer risk (HR 0.88, 95% CI 0.52-1.49). However, risk tended to be increased in NS with adult home passive smoking exposure ≥30 years, compared with NS with no adult home exposure (HR 1.61, 95% CI 1.00-2.58). CONCLUSIONS: In this prospective cohort of postmenopausal women, active smoking significantly increased risk of all lung cancer subtypes; current smokers had significantly increased risk compared with FS. Among NS, prolonged passive adult home exposure tended to increase lung cancer risk. These data support continued need for smoking prevention and cessation interventions, passive smoking research, and further study of lung cancer risk factors in addition to smoking. CLINICALTRIALS.GOV: NCT00000611.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias Pulmonares/epidemiología , Fumar/efectos adversos , Contaminación por Humo de Tabaco/efectos adversos , Anciano , Estudios de Cohortes , Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Posmenopausia , Modelos de Riesgos Proporcionales , Estudios Prospectivos , Riesgo , Factores de Riesgo , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Salud de la MujerRESUMEN
In early adjuvant breast cancer trial reports, aromatase inhibitors more effectively reduced breast recurrence with lower risk of thromboembolic events and endometrial cancer than tamoxifen, while aromatase inhibitors had higher fracture and cardiovascular disease risk. We used data from updated patient-level meta-analyses of adjuvant trials in analyses to summarize the benefits and risks of these agents in various clinical circumstances. Baseline incidence rates for health outcomes by age and race/ethnicity, absent aromatase inhibitor, or tamoxifen use were estimated from the Women's Health Initiative. Aromatase inhibitor and tamoxifen effects on distant recurrence were obtained from a meta-analysis of the Arimidex, Tamoxifen, Alone or in Combination (ATAC) and Breast International Group (Big-1-98) clinical trials. Impact on other health outcomes were obtained from meta-analyses of randomized trials comparing aromatase inhibitor to tamoxifen use and from placebo-controlled chemoprevention trials. All health outcomes were given equal weight when modeling net benefit/risk for aromatase inhibitor compared to tamoxifen use by breast cancer recurrence risk, age (decade), race/ethnicity, hysterectomy (yes/no), and by prior myocardial infarction. Over a 10-year period, the benefit/risk index was more favorable for aromatase inhibitor than for tamoxifen as adjuvant breast cancer therapy in almost all circumstances regardless of patient age, race/ethnicity, breast cancer recurrence risk, or presence or absence of a uterus. Only in older women with prior myocardial infarction and low recurrence risk was an advantage for tamoxifen seen. Using a benefit/risk index for endocrine adjuvant breast cancer therapy in postmenopausal women, benefit was higher for aromatase inhibitor use in almost all circumstances.
Asunto(s)
Antineoplásicos/uso terapéutico , Inhibidores de la Aromatasa/uso terapéutico , Neoplasias de la Mama/tratamiento farmacológico , Tamoxifeno/uso terapéutico , Factores de Edad , Anciano , Neoplasias de la Mama/epidemiología , Neoplasias de la Mama/etnología , Quimioterapia Adyuvante , Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Infarto del Miocardio/epidemiología , Infarto del Miocardio/etiología , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/epidemiología , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Our previous report showed that parvovirus B19 genotype 1 in different solutions derived from plasma preparations showed different heat-sensitivity patterns during liquid-heating. In this study, we similarly examined B19 genotype 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two plasma samples one containing B19 genotype 1 and the other genotype 2 DNA were used. Four process samples collected immediately before the heat treatment step in the manufacture of albumin, immunoglobulin, haptoglobin and antithrombin preparations were spiked with B19 and subsequently treated at 60°C for 10 h. A low pH immunoglobulin solution was also spiked with B19 and treated at room temperature for 14 days. Infectivity was then measured. RESULTS: B19 genotype 2, similar to genotype 1, showed three patterns of inactivation: (i) a rapid inactivation in the albumin and immunoglobulin preparations, (ii) a slow inactivation in the haptoglobin preparation and (iii) only limited inactivation in the antithrombin preparation. Its sensitivity in the low pH immunoglobulin solutions also resembled that of genotype 1. CONCLUSION: Both genotypes 1 and 2 of B19 varied in sensitivity to liquid-heating and low pH among different plasma preparations.
Asunto(s)
Seguridad de la Sangre/métodos , Parvovirus B19 Humano/fisiología , Plasma/virología , Inactivación de Virus , Clonación Molecular , Electroforesis en Gel de Poliacrilamida , Genotipo , Calefacción , Calor , Humanos , Inmunoglobulinas Intravenosas/farmacología , Microscopía Electrónica , Parvovirus B19 Humano/efectos de los fármacos , Parvovirus B19 Humano/genéticaRESUMEN
Importance: Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is the most common mode of death in childhood hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), but there is no validated algorithm to identify those at highest risk. Objective: To develop and validate an SCD risk prediction model that provides individualized risk estimates. Design, Setting, and Participants: A prognostic model was developed from a retrospective, multicenter, longitudinal cohort study of 1024 consecutively evaluated patients aged 16 years or younger with HCM. The study was conducted from January 1, 1970, to December 31, 2017. Exposures: The model was developed using preselected predictor variables (unexplained syncope, maximal left-ventricular wall thickness, left atrial diameter, left-ventricular outflow tract gradient, and nonsustained ventricular tachycardia) identified from the literature and internally validated using bootstrapping. Main Outcomes and Measures: A composite outcome of SCD or an equivalent event (aborted cardiac arrest, appropriate implantable cardioverter defibrillator therapy, or sustained ventricular tachycardia associated with hemodynamic compromise). Results: Of the 1024 patients included in the study, 699 were boys (68.3%); mean (interquartile range [IQR]) age was 11 (7-14) years. Over a median follow-up of 5.3 years (IQR, 2.6-8.3; total patient years, 5984), 89 patients (8.7%) died suddenly or had an equivalent event (annual event rate, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.15-1.92). The pediatric model was developed using preselected variables to predict the risk of SCD. The model's ability to predict risk at 5 years was validated; the C statistic was 0.69 (95% CI, 0.66-0.72), and the calibration slope was 0.98 (95% CI, 0.59-1.38). For every 10 implantable cardioverter defibrillators implanted in patients with 6% or more of a 5-year SCD risk, 1 patient may potentially be saved from SCD at 5 years. Conclusions and Relevance: This new, validated risk stratification model for SCD in childhood HCM may provide individualized estimates of risk at 5 years using readily obtained clinical risk factors. External validation studies are required to demonstrate the accuracy of this model's predictions in diverse patient populations.
Asunto(s)
Cardiomiopatía Hipertrófica/complicaciones , Muerte Súbita Cardíaca/epidemiología , Medición de Riesgo/métodos , Adolescente , Cardiomiopatía Hipertrófica/mortalidad , Niño , Muerte Súbita Cardíaca/etiología , Europa (Continente)/epidemiología , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Incidencia , Masculino , Pronóstico , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores de Riesgo , Tasa de Supervivencia/tendenciasRESUMEN
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To investigate the physico-chemical properties of hepatitis E virus (HEV) with regard to inactivation/removal, we have studied four isolates with respect to sensitivity to heat during liquid/dry-heating as well as removal by nanofiltration. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Hepatitis E virus in an albumin solution or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) was liquid-heated at 60 degrees C for a preset time. HEV in a freeze-dried fibrinogen containing stabilizers was also dry-heated at 60 or 80 degrees C for a preset time. In addition, to clarify the removal of HEV, the purified virus in PBS was filtered using several types of virus-removal filter (nanofilters) that have different pore sizes. HEV infectivity or genome equivalents before and after the treatments were assayed by a semiquantitative cell-based infectivity assay or quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay, respectively. RESULTS: Hepatitis E virus isolates in albumin solutions were inactivated slowly at 60 degrees C for 5 h and the resultant log reduction factor (LRF) was from 1.0 to > or = 2.2, whereas the virus in PBS was inactivated quickly to below the detection limit and the LRF was > or = 2.4 to > or = 3.7. The virus in a freeze dried fibrinogen containing trisodium citrate dihydrate and l-arginine hydrochloride as stabilizers was inactivated slowly and the LRF was 2.0 and 3.0, respectively, of the 72 h at 60 degrees C, but inactivated to below the detection limit within 24 h at 80 degrees C with an LRF of > or = 4.0. The virus in PBS was also confirmed as to be approximately 35 nm in diameter by nanofiltration. These results are useful for evaluating viral safety against HEV contamination in blood products. CONCLUSION: The sensitivity of HEV to heat was shown to vary greatly depending on the heating conditions. On the other hand, the HEV particles were completely removed using 20-nm nanofilters. However, each inactivation/removal step should be carefully evaluated with respect to the HEV inactivation/removal capacity, which may be influenced by processing conditions such as the stabilizers used for blood products.
Asunto(s)
Arginina/farmacología , Citratos/farmacología , Excipientes/farmacología , Filtración/instrumentación , Virus de la Hepatitis E/aislamiento & purificación , Filtros Microporos , Nanotecnología/instrumentación , Plasma/virología , Soluciones , Inactivación de Virus , Animales , Heces/virología , Fibrinógeno , Genotipo , Virus de la Hepatitis E/efectos de los fármacos , Virus de la Hepatitis E/genética , Virus de la Hepatitis E/fisiología , Calor , ARN Viral/análisis , Albúmina Sérica , Cloruro de Sodio , Porcinos/virología , Factores de Tiempo , Carga Viral , Replicación Viral/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
PURPOSE: Changes in body composition of college wrestlers undergoing rapid weight reduction were evaluated over time using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). METHODS: This study evaluated 12 wrestlers (male, 18-22 years of age) who participated in Japan's 2005 intercollegiate wrestling tournament. For this study, MRI (of the right femoral region and the trunk), as well as measurements of body weight, body fat percentage and body water content, were performed 1 month and 1 week prior to the weigh-in, on the day of the weigh-in, on the day of the match (after the match), and 1 week after the weigh-in. A survey of food and fluid intake was also conducted. RESULTS: Several variables were significantly lower on the day of the weigh-in than one month prior: body weight (p<0.01, -7.3% (SD 1.6%)); body fat (p<0.05, -9.3 (5.8)%); body water content (p<0.01, -5.9 (1.6)%); trunk cross-section (p<0.01, -13.2 (4.4)%), including separate measurements of trunk viscera, trunk muscle, and trunk fat; quadriceps muscle; lower subcutaneous; and food intake (p<0.01, 122 (20)). At 1 week after the match, all metrics had recovered to their levels measured 1 month before the weigh-in. Certain variables that were highly sensitive to hydration recovered more rapidly: they had reached their initial levels when measured immediately after the match. CONCLUSION: Rapid weight reduction reduced the wrestlers' cross-sectional areas of muscle and fat tissues, which tended to recover through rehydration after the weigh-in. These results suggest that rapid weight reduction of wrestlers induced changes in different regions of the body.
Asunto(s)
Composición Corporal/fisiología , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Pérdida de Peso/fisiología , Lucha/fisiología , Adolescente , Adulto , Peso Corporal , Humanos , Masculino , Músculo Esquelético/fisiología , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
To study the mechanisms of the hepatic disposition of polystyrene microspheres (MS), effects of serum on their hepatic disposition characteristics were investigated for MSs with particle sizes of 50 nm (MS-50) and 500 nm (MS-500) by isolated liver perfusion experiments. It was revealed that serum in the perfusate inhibited and promoted the hepatic disposition of MS-50 and MS-500 at 37 degrees C, respectively. However, pre-heating at 56 degrees C or pre-treatment with anti-C3 antibody of serum reduced the promotive effect of serum on the hepatic uptake of MS-500, suggesting that the complement system should be involved as opsonins for the hepatic uptake of MS-500. Hepatic disposition of both MSs at 4 degrees C was reduced by the addition of serum into the perfusate, which could be ascribed to the reduction of the surface hydrophobicity of MSs due to the adsorption of serum proteins onto the surface of MSs and to resultant decrease in non-specific disposition to the liver. From these results, serum was found to function both as the opsonin to enhance the hepatic uptake of MSs and as the inhibitor by reducing non-specific interaction between MSs and the plasma membrane. Whether serum promotes or inhibits the hepatic disposition of MSs would be dependent on the particle sizes of MSs.
Asunto(s)
Proteínas Sanguíneas/fisiología , Hígado/metabolismo , Poliestirenos/sangre , Poliestirenos/farmacocinética , Animales , Frío , Complemento C3/metabolismo , Masculino , Microesferas , Tamaño de la Partícula , Perfusión , Fagocitosis , Unión Proteica , Ratas , Ratas WistarRESUMEN
Anacardic acids and (E)-2-hexenal characterized from the cashew Anacardium occidentale L. (Anacardiaceae) apple have been found to exhibit antibacterial activity against the Gram-negative bacterium Helicobacter pylori, which is now considered to cause acute gastritis. The same antibacterial compounds have also been found to inhibit urease (EC 3.5.1.5).
Asunto(s)
Aldehídos/aislamiento & purificación , Ácidos Anacárdicos , Helicobacter pylori/efectos de los fármacos , Rosales/química , Salicilatos/aislamiento & purificación , Aldehídos/farmacología , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/aislamiento & purificación , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/farmacología , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Salicilatos/farmacología , Ureasa/antagonistas & inhibidoresRESUMEN
N-Hydroxy-N-naphthylbenzamides (3) were synthesized for examining their ability to extract and transport Cu(II) through a liquid membrane. The transport was proton-driven and was capable of moving metal ions ;up-hill'. Thus, it was possible to follow the transfer of Cu(II) from the aqueous source phase to the organic layer and from the organic layer to the receiving phase. The N-hydroxy-N-(2-naphthyl)benzamide (3b) carrier displayed much more remarkable selectivity for Cu(II) compared with N-hydroxy-N-(1-naphthyl)benzamide (3a). This difference in selectivity was explained in terms of the stability of the Cu(II) complex in chloroform.
RESUMEN
A fluorescent photoinduced electron transfer (PET) sensor (3) that consists of 1-aza-18-crown-6 and a 1-naphthyl pendant shows a fluorescent increase with bivalent metal ions and a fluorescent decrease with monovalent metal ions. (1)H and (13)C NMR analyses of this 1:1 complexation behavior revealed that Ba(2+) strongly coordinates with the azacrown nitrogen to cause a dramatic decrease in the intramolecular charge-transfer character. In addition, it was suggested that not only the metal ion-dependent coordinated structure of the resulting complex but also the interaction between the thiocyanate anion and the naphthyl group play a role in controlling the extent of the emission-intensity increase and decrease that was observed in the presence of a given metal salt.
RESUMEN
A case of basilar migraine (BM) with alternate numbness as the initial symptom is described. The patient's chief complaint was alternate numbness in the right and left upper extremities. After angiography the patient fell into a drowsy state, followed by excitation, and finally confusion. The EEG power topography showed slow alpha, theta and delta power in the right occipital area, and alternatively in the right and left parietal area. These findings suggest that the cause of BM is not only based on a vasoconstriction mechanism, but also cortical spreading depression. BM should be suspected as a cause of sensory symptoms.
Asunto(s)
Brazo , Hipoestesia/diagnóstico , Migraña con Aura/diagnóstico , Adolescente , Angiografía , Dihidroergotamina/uso terapéutico , Electroencefalografía , Electrofisiología/métodos , Femenino , Humanos , Hipoestesia/tratamiento farmacológico , Migraña con Aura/tratamiento farmacológico , Vasoconstrictores/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
A single oral dose of 20 mg febuxostat was administered to subjects with normal, mild or moderate impairment in renal function. There was less than a 2-fold difference in AUC of plasma unchanged febuxostat among the renal function groups, and changes in plasma urate levels from pre-dose levels were not significant. A total of five adverse events were reported with all mild in severity. The results indicate that renal impairment will have little clinical impact on the pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD) and safety of the study drug.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades Renales/tratamiento farmacológico , Tiazoles/farmacocinética , Xantina Oxidasa/antagonistas & inhibidores , Área Bajo la Curva , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/efectos adversos , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/farmacocinética , Febuxostat , Femenino , Humanos , Riñón/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Insuficiencia Renal/tratamiento farmacológico , Tiazoles/efectos adversos , Tiazoles/uso terapéutico , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
The diurnal change of sUA and the effect of febuxostat on this change were investigated in 10 patients with gout and/or hyperuricemia. The diurnal sUA change after the last dose during the 4-week treatment phase (20 mg, QD) was almost the same as the pre-treatment value. Considering the dose, the AUC(obs) and Cmax of unchanged drug in patients with gout and/or hyperuricemia were estimated to be similar to those of healthy male adults. The results show that a 6-week treatment with febuxostat is safe and well-tolerated in the target patient population for this drug.
Asunto(s)
Inhibidores Enzimáticos/farmacocinética , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/uso terapéutico , Gota/tratamiento farmacológico , Hiperuricemia/tratamiento farmacológico , Tiazoles/farmacocinética , Tiazoles/uso terapéutico , Área Bajo la Curva , Febuxostat , Humanos , Masculino , Oxígeno/metabolismo , Factores de Tiempo , Xantina Deshidrogenasa/antagonistas & inhibidores , Xantina Oxidasa/antagonistas & inhibidoresRESUMEN
A 21-year-old woman experienced severe headache and nausea one hour after taking pills containing 160 mg of phenylpropanolamine for common cold. She had no previous history of drug abuse or hypertension. Physical examination revealed slight left-sided hemiparesis. Her blood pressure was 100/52 mmHg. Subcortical hemorrhage was noted in the right frontal lobe with a cranial computed tomography. On the seventh hospital day, cerebral angiography demonstrated with segmental narrowing of a branch of the right anterior cerebral artery, indicating the presence of focal angitis. This finding disappeared on the 35th hospital day. In the majority of the reported cases of the intracerebal hemorrhage associated with the ingestion of phenylpropanolamine, focal angitis rather than induced hypertension is considered to be a causative factor for hemorrhage. Thus, we would like to emphasize that the administration of phenylpropanolamine should be avoided, even to the patients without hypertention or past history of intracerebral hemorrhage.
Asunto(s)
Hemorragia Cerebral/inducido químicamente , Descongestionantes Nasales/efectos adversos , Fenilpropanolamina/efectos adversos , Adulto , Femenino , HumanosRESUMEN
We present a 31-year-old woman of multiple sclerosis. At age 28, she was admitted with complaints of echolalia and a gradual onset of weakness affecting the right upper and bilateral lower limbs. Brain MRI showed high intensity areas in the bilateral frontal gyri, lobuli paracentralis, and left anterior thalamus. Although she had been in remission for 3 years, she developed dysesthesia of left upper and lower limbs. Cervical T2 weighted MRI showed a new high signal intensity lesion in the spinal cord from the C2 to C3 level. The combination of the cerebral, thalamic and spinal cord lesions with remission and excerbations allowed the diagnosis of clinically MS to be made. She suffered amenorrhea from the onset of her illness. Serum prolactin was within the normal range. The LH and FSH basal secretions were decreased and there were low delayed secretions of LH and FSH after intravenous injection of 100 micrograms LHRH. We consider that her amenorrhea was caused by the hypothalamic lesion, supported by MR findings of dilatation of the third ventricle.
Asunto(s)
Amenorrea/etiología , Hipotálamo/patología , Esclerosis Múltiple/complicaciones , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Sistema Hipotálamo-Hipofisario/fisiopatología , Hipotálamo/fisiopatología , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Prolactina/sangreRESUMEN
Using the multi-shot EPI method we investigated the clinical application of diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) in the diagnosis of neurological disease. The multi-shot method provided better susceptibility artifact-free DWI than the single-shot method particularly in the region of the posterior cranial fossa. DWI using the multi-shot EPI method readily shows the pyramidal tract extending from the internal capsule to the brainstems which is inaccessible by the conventional single-shot EPI method, and providing three-dimensional and distinct images of pyramidal tract changes in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or cerebral infarction with pyramidal tract disturbance. Our findings suggest that the use of DWI with the multi-shot EPI method would provide a technique for the easy diagnosis and evaluation of various neurological diseases.
Asunto(s)
Esclerosis Amiotrófica Lateral/diagnóstico , Aumento de la Imagen/métodos , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética/métodos , Esclerosis Amiotrófica Lateral/patología , Tronco Encefálico/patología , Infarto Cerebral/diagnóstico , Infarto Cerebral/patología , Humanos , Tractos Piramidales/patología , Degeneración Walleriana/diagnóstico , Degeneración Walleriana/patologíaRESUMEN
A 69-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital because of slowly progressive weakness in the neck, shoulders, proximal arms, oropharyngeal muscles. From a viewpoint of clinical course and signs, it was suspected that the patient was suffered from motor neuron disease. However, serial electrophysiological studies showed the existence of local demyelination of the motor nerves. The immunoadsorption was then performed and marked recovery of symptoms was obtained. In this case, we could not detect any established anti-ganglioside antibodies which was related to pharyngeal-cervical-brachial variant of Guillain-Barré syndrome(PCB) or Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). It is suggested that unknown anti-ganglioside antibody may play an important role in cases of PCB. Despite of atypical slowliness of clinical progression and negative results of immunological studies, this patient is considered to be suffered from PCB, because of the results of electrophysiological studies and effectiveness of immunoadsorption therapy. Accordingly it may be important to take the possibility of PCB into diagnostic consideration, whenever the patient shows slowly progressive weakness in proximal arms, oropharyngeal muscles.
Asunto(s)
Síndrome de Guillain-Barré/diagnóstico , Anciano , Esclerosis Amiotrófica Lateral/diagnóstico , Autoanticuerpos/análisis , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Femenino , Gangliósidos/inmunología , Síndrome de Guillain-Barré/clasificación , Síndrome de Guillain-Barré/fisiopatología , Humanos , Conducción NerviosaRESUMEN
In this study, 14 B10.W lines were examined for genetic traits associated with the Ss protein and Slp alloantigen. Three B10.W lines were found to possess low levels of serum Slp alloantigen. Of these three Slp-positive lines, expression of the alloantigen was sex-limited in two lines (B10.LIB55 and B10.STA12) and constitutive, i.e., found in both sexes, in the remaining line (B10.KPB128). Lines which were found to be Slp-negative were also tested for IA-controlled immune response to Slp alloimmunization. The finding that one of these Slp-negative lines produced no detectable anti-Slp indicates that nonresponder alleles exist in wild populations. Further, the discovery of an unexpected immune response to Slp in F1 hybrids involving lines B10.LIB55 and B10.STA12 suggests the existence of a variant form of Slp alloantigen in these lines.
Asunto(s)
Proteínas Sanguíneas/genética , Antígenos H-2/genética , Alelos , Animales , Formación de Anticuerpos , Proteínas Sanguíneas/inmunología , Cruzamientos Genéticos , Femenino , Genes MHC Clase II , Antígenos H-2/inmunología , Inmunización , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BLRESUMEN
Brainstem function was evaluated by proton magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy (1H-MRS) in a 69-year-old man with idiopathic rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder. An analysis of spectral peak area ratios revealed an increase in the choline/creatine ratio. This change suggests that brainstem neurons have functional impairment at the cell membrane level. Further, our results suggest that 1H-MRS may provide for non-invasive, metabolic evaluation of brainstem neuronal function in REM sleep behavior disorder and find application in the differentiation of secondary REM sleep behavior disorders with neurodegenerative disorders from idiopathic disorders.