Taurine Chloramine Suppresses LPS-Induced Neuroinflammatory Responses through Nrf2-Mediated Heme Oxygenase-1 Expression in Mouse BV2 Microglial Cells.

The brain is sensitive to the inflammation and oxidative stress that can cause the aging or neurodegenerative diseases. We investigated the anti-neuroinflammatory activities of taurine chloramine (TauCl) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated mouse BV2 microglia mediated through heme oxygenase (HO)-1 expression. TauCl inhibited the protein expressions of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, nitric oxide (NO), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in LPS-treated BV2 microglia. TauCl markedly inhibited interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1𝛽 (IL-1𝛽) and tumor necrosis factor-𝛼 (TNF-𝛼) production. These effects were related to the suppression of the degradation and phosphorylation of inhibition of nuclear factor kappa B-𝛼 (I𝜅B-𝛼), translocation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-𝜅B) as well as DNA binding activity. In addition, TauCl induced the HO-1 expression by increasing the nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) translocation to the nucleus in mouse BV2 microglia. These findings suggest that TauCl has protective effects of neurodegenerative disorders caused by neuroinflammation.

The caspase 3-dependent apoptotic effect of pycnogenol in human oral squamous cell carcinoma HSC-3 cells.

In the present study, the apoptotic effect of pycnogenol and its molecular mechanism in human oral squamous cell carcinoma HSC-3 cells were investigated. Pycnogenol significantly inhibited the viability of HSC-3 cells and suppressed neoplastic cell transformation in HSC-3 cells and TPA-treated JB6 cells. It caused caspase-dependent apoptosis evidenced by the increase in cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase and caspase 3 in a dose-dependent manner. Pycnogenol increased Bak protein by enhancing its protein stability whereas other Bcl-2 family members were not altered. In addition, the treatment with pycnogenol led to the production of reactive oxygen species and N-acetyl-l-cysteine almost blocked pycnogenol-induced reactive oxygen species generation. Taken together, these findings suggest that pycnogenol may be a potential candidate for the chemoprevention or chemotherapy of human oral cancer.

Shogaol overcomes TRAIL resistance in colon cancer cells via inhibiting of survivin.

In this study, we showed the ability of representative shogaol, which as a major component of ginger, to overcome TRAIL resistance by increasing apoptosis in colon cancer cells. Shogaol increased death receptor 5 (DR5) levels. Furthermore, shogaol decreased the expression level of antiapoptotic proteins (survivin and Bcl-2) and increased pro-apoptotic protein, Bax. Shogaol treatment induced apoptosis and a robust reduction in the levels of the antiapoptotic protein survivin but did not affect the levels of many other apoptosis regulators. Moreover, knockdown of survivin sensitized colon cancer cells to resistant of TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Therefore, we showed the functions of shogaol as a sensitizing agent to induce cell death of TRAIL-resistant colon cancer cells. This study gives rise to the possibility of applying shogaol as an antitumor agent that can be used for the purpose of combination treatment with TRAIL in TRAIL-resistant colon tumor therapy.

Down-regulation of Akt by methanol extracts of Impatiens balsamina L. promotes apoptosis in human oral squamous cell carcinoma cell lines.

BACKGROUND: The apoptotic activity of methanol extracts of Impatiens balsamina L. (MEIB) and related mechanisms in human oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells have been systematically investigated. METHODS: The effects of MEIB on human OSCC cell lines were investigated using trypan blue exclusion assay, MTS assay, Western blot, 4'-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining, Live/Dead assay, Immunohistochemistry, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and promoter assay. RESULTS: MEIB decreased cell viability and induced apoptosis in HSC-4 cells. Higher levels of p-Akt expression were observed in OSCC than in normal oral mucosa (NOM), and it correlated with poor survival of the patients. MEIB dephosphorylated p-Akt and decreased Akt expression through proteasome-dependent degradation. LY294002 (PI3K inhibitor) decreased p-Akt and Akt, resulting in enhancing MEIB-induced apoptosis. MEIB down-regulated the expression level of survivin protein at the transcriptional level and YM155 (survivin inhibitor) decreased survivin, which facilitated MEIB-induced apoptosis. MEIB and LY294002 significantly increased Bax, thereby inducing the conformational change, mitochondrial translocation, and oligomerization. In addition, MEIB-induced growth inhibition and apoptosis in OSC-20, another human OSCC cells were mediated by regulating Akt and it downstream targets, survivin and Bax. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that MEIB may serve as a potential drug candidate for the treatment of human OSCC.

Utilization of smart devices and the evolution of customized healthcare services focusing on big data: a systematic review.

Background: Currently, smart devices can prevent diseases by continuously collecting user information and providing health-related feedback. Smart devices big data provide personalized, faster, and more accurate health care. By examining existing studies, we suggest a new healthcare evolution and health promotion through information technology (IT) convergence. A big data systematic review examined the evolution of new health care and their potential for health promotion by monitoring physical activities, preventing diseases, and analyzing health data smart devices. Methods: Therefore, this evaluates whether a new healthcare industry combining smart devices and big-data-based customized health care services can promote health. This study searched PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Research Information Sharing Service (RISS) for keywords related to big data, smart devices, healthcare, customized health services, health apps, and mobile health. This study comprised 43 of 453 publications from 2007 to 2023. Among them, a total of 43 articles were successfully completed in this study using the PRISMA flowchart in the final stage. Results: Smart devices centered on big data enable personalized health care, and app technologies that promote well-being to prepare for aging society have many applications in clinical, prevention, public health, and rehabilitation settings. Smart devices and tailored healthcare services using big data to inform individuals about exercise, health status, diagnosis, and health information will expand into major sectors. By reviewing previous studies, the convergence of the IT technology field, which allows you to easily identify individual health and receive faster and more accurate medical services through customized health care services, has future-oriented values as, new health care services evolve. The systematic review of big data herein can monitor physical activity and prevent diseases using smart devices, thus promoting a healthy lifestyle. Conclusions: Smart devices that analyze data to provide personal exercise and health conditions, checkups, and information, are making our lives easier. The information service using big data will continue to evolve into a personalized management service and provide basic healthcare data as it grows into an expected industry in the future.

Diagnosis, Treatment, and Follow-Up of Giant-Cell Arteritis: A Retrospective Multicenter Study.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Giant-cell arteritis (GCA) is the most common type of vasculitis in the elderly and is associated with high risks of visual loss and recurrence. Owing to its rarity in Asian populations, the current clinical interventions for these patients are not well known. Here we aimed to characterize the current management status of patients with GCA using Korean multicenter data. METHODS: This retrospective study analyzed medical records of patients with GCA at six Korean university hospitals from February 2009 to November 2022. GCA had originally been diagnosed based on the 1990 American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria, and cases were selected for inclusion in this study based on the 2022 ACR/European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology criteria. We evaluated treatments, follow-up periods, and outcomes (relapse, remission, and adverse drug reactions) in patients with GCA with or without arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AAION). RESULTS: This study analyzed 18 patients with a median age of 75.5 years that included 12 females (66.7%). Seven patients (38.8%) had AAION. All patients initially received prednisolone treatment, while four (22.2%) underwent adjuvant treatment with methotrexate and azathioprine during prednisolone tapering. During the median follow-up of 3.5 months (interquartile range: 2.0-23.2 months), 4 patients (22.2%) had prednisolone-related adverse reactions, 2 (11.1%) relapsed, and 13 (72.3%) dropped out. Nine patients (50.0%) experienced remission, with this being sustained in four (36.4%). CONCLUSIONS: This study observed high dropout rates and short follow-ups. Adverse effects of prednisolone were common, and relapses occurred in approximately one-tenth of Korean patients with GCA. Thus, optimizing GCA treatment necessitates regular monitoring and long-term follow-up.

Mithramycin A induces apoptosis by regulating the mTOR/Mcl-1/tBid pathway in androgen-independent prostate cancer cells.

Mithramycin A (Mith) is an aureolic acid-type polyketide produced by various soil bacteria of the genus Streptomyces. Mith inhibits myeloid cell leukemia-1 (Mcl-1) to induce apoptosis in prostate cancer, but the molecular mechanism underlying this process has not been fully elucidated. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate the detailed molecular mechanism related to Mith-induced apoptosis in prostate cancer cells. Mith decreased the phosphorylation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in both cell lines overexpressing phospho-mTOR compared to RWPE-1 human normal prostate epithelial cells. Mith significantly induced truncated Bid (tBid) and siRNA-mediated knock-down of Mcl-1 increased tBid protein levels. Moreover, Mith also inhibited the phosphorylation of mTOR on serine 2448 and Mcl-1, and increased tBid protein in prostate tumors in athymic nude mice bearing DU145 cells as xenografts. Thus, Mith acts as an effective tumor growth inhibitor in prostate cancer cells through the mTOR/Mcl-1/tBid signaling pathway.

Rethinking of positive effects of eggs on hair in East Asia.

BACKGROUND: Our bodies are a collection of nutrients. For healthy body production and activities, good nutrients must be balanced and supplied steadily. However, as modern people eat more irregular meals and fast food, they are running out of nutrients needed by the human body. As a result, research was conducted on the effect of eggs with good cost-effectiveness on the human body and hair. PURPOSE: The purpose of this paper is to review the literature investigated to convey knowledge of the positive nutrients of modern people's nutrition and eggs. METHODS: These data were reviewed to identify agreement between each section and the unique guiding area. Regarding the survey criteria, it was finally decided that 31 papers were suitable for evaluating the purpose of research as follows. PRISMA flowcharts allow you to determine the number of records identified, included, and excluded. RESULTS: Eggs are considered the most cost-effective foods that deliver protein, biotin, choline, and vitamin A to the world, and eggs that can be easily consumed are known as nutritional foods because they contain protein, lipids, minerals, and embryonic development growth factors. It is widely consumed as a food that can be eaten by anyone, including the elderly and children. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, eggs can be used as important data for modern people by delivering nutrients to the human body and hair of modern people and understanding positive nutrients.

A 'health message' on sustainable physical and mental health for the prolonged COVID-19 and other pandemics.

The world has been living with another pandemic physical inactivity (PI) and sedentary behavior (SB) and of other nature for years. As social measures to prevent the spread of COVID-19 have been strengthened, the physical activity (PA) barrier has been hit and the PI/SB pandemic has been exacerbated, and in the current situation, triggered by its prolonged period, it is emerging as a problem to be considered in order to combat the PI/SB pandemic through PA and to maintain continuous physical and mental health. This review aims to summarize existing and recent studies on the effects of PA/SB on physical and mental health in preparation for the context of prolonged COVID-19 and provides an easy and fun way to motivate, access PA, and PA recommendations for maintaining physical and mental health. We performed search strategies on PubMed, Medline, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases, and used a literature review of the current available literature on the COVID-19 and the effects of PI, SB, and PA on physical and mental health. The clinical relevance of this review shows that integrating PA into daily life and reducing prolonged sitting time is an important strategy for continuing a healthy life physically and mentally. As a result, for those who have not yet incorporated exercise as part of their daily routine, fun and easy access to PA suggests that in the long run, may be an opportunity to implement newer habits. In addition, in an emergency such as the COVID-19 quarantine period or other pandemics, it is essential for one to maintain health through PA at home, and underscore the 'health message' of the current review that reducing SB, progressively increasing PA, and doing more PA regularly in the current context prolonged COVID-19 can bring significant benefits to long-term habits and physical and mental health.

The structural relationship between job satisfaction and organizational commitment of beauty industry employees.

BACKGROUND: Based on the analysis results that can further enhance organizational satisfaction and response to changes in the employment environment of cosmetic employees and workers through organizational commitment and turnover intention of cosmetic. OBJECTIVES: This research paper empirically analyzed changes in employment environment due to coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic and 4th industrial revolution and the effect of employees and job satisfaction on turnover intention in the cosmetic industry, and sought measures necessary for conflict management in industrial sites. METHODS: A self-report questionnaire was conducted on 508 cosmetic implementers. Statistical processing of the data collected by the data analysis method was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) WIN23.0 statistical package program through data coding and data organizing process. RESULTS: Changes in the employment environment were found to have a significant effect on job satisfaction (t = -11.728, p < 0.05). Changes in the employment environment were found to have a significant effect on organizational commitment, which is a dependent variable (t = -9.476, p < 0.05). Changes in the employment environment and job satisfaction were found to have a significant effect on organizational commitment, and this regression model was found to be statistically significant (F = 67.703, p < 0.05). Job satisfaction showed a significant positive (+) effect on organizational commitment rather than the employment environment (t = 6.235, p < 0.05). As a result, it was found that the organizational commitment and job satisfaction of cosmetic employees and workers affected their turnover intentions due to changes in the employment environment due to the 4th industrial revolution and the COVID-19 pandemic. CONCLUSION: This study focused on the relationship between employment environment changes in the cosmetic industry due to the recent 4th industrial revolution and the COVID-19 pandemic, and the effects of job satisfaction and organizational commitment of cosmetic employees on turnover intention. Based on the results of the analysis that can further increase the organizational commitment and search for job satisfaction of cosmetic employers and workers, we intend to establish the identity of cosmetic industry organizations nationwide and raise community awareness. This study will help the development and growth of the cosmetic industry by providing basic data that can be reborn as a better cosmetic service organization.

Trends in eyebrow makeup after COVID-19 and long-COVID era.

Background and Objectives: The coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic, which began in 2019, is threatening millions of people around the world. Coronavirus, a severe acute respiratory syndrome, made it mandatory to wear masks, it was carried out through public awareness and review of changes in cosmetics. Methods: This literature review paper was written by referring to keywords such as "Eyebrow," "Permanent Make-up," "Microblading," "Make-up," and "COVID-19." The study selected a total of 485 references using representative journal search sites such as PubMed, Google Scholar, ResearchGate, RISS, DBPia, and CrossRef, of which a total of 43 papers were selected at the final stage from 2000 to 2022 using PRISMA flow diagram. Results: With the wearing of a mask due to COVID-19, we are paying attention to the change in the makeup trend caused by the preference for easy eye makeup. Conclusions: This narrative review understands that eyebrow makeup has a significant impact on human images due to changes in makeup methods after the COVID-19 pandemic. It is expected to be used as important data for the rapidly growing semi-permanent makeup market.

Considering the risk of a coloring shampoo with the function of gray hair cover cosmetology and skin barrier: A systematic review.

Background and Aims: As the number of demanders who want to easily cover gray hair increases, the demand market is rapidly expanding along with the demand for coloring shampoos that can be dyed while shampooing. Among these coloring shampoo ingredients, it is necessary to differentiate products that are safe and harmless to the human body in consideration of hair loss or skin barrier problems caused by trihydroxybenzene (THB) ingredients. The correct selection criteria were presented by examining the problems, effectiveness, and side effects when used in relation to the skin barrier through previous studies by consideration of the ingredients of the coloring shampoo and the skin barrier of the scalp. Methods: The analysis of this study looked at previous studies through a systematic literature review through related keywords for coloring shampoo. After reviewing 150-200 related prior papers, a total of 39 review papers were finally selected using the PRISMA flow diagram. Results: It was confirmed through a literature review that the coloring shampoo containing THB, which is harmful to the human body, has a detrimental effect on the scalp-skin barrier. Conclusion: This study examined the harmfulness of coloring shampoo on the scalp skin barrier. It was confirmed that frequent coloring shampoo procedures can have various harmful effects on the scalp. Therefore, it is important to reduce side effects caused by the use of harmful ingredients and maintain a healthy scalp condition through analysis of sufficient scalp conditions and consultation with experts. In addition, various studies on the standard standards and age for harmful ingredients are suggested.

Characteristics of choice and satisfaction regarding the use of ultraviolet blockers in the golf population in Republic of Korea: A quantitative study.

Background and Aims: Korea's golf population surpassed 5 million (5.15 million) as of 2020 according to data analyzed by Shinhan Financial Investment in 2021. Due to the continuous increase in the golf population, it is necessary to study the use of specific sunscreens. Men and women are using sunscreen selective attributes based on the actual use and perception of sunscreens for life. A questionnaire survey was conducted for an analysis of the effect of product satisfaction. Methods: Statistical processing of materials collected by the data analysis method is analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Science WIN 25.0 statistical package program through the process of data coding and data cleaning. Results: This exercise was done under 3-4 h of strong ultraviolet (UV) rays, so products that have ensured the durability of UV protection are needed. Among the demographic characteristics of the golf population, gender, age, academic background, occupation, marriage status, and monthly income were investigated, and it was confirmed that the information path of a particular product was affected by the choice of purchase, increasing satisfaction and repurchase. Conclusion: An analysis of the paper's survey showed that men's awareness and interest in sunscreens increased. It is expected that differentiated strategies will be needed for products that match the actual conditions and aptitudes of the effective golf population.

Clinical and Radiological Features of Korean Patients With Anti-HMGCR Myopathy.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: To understand the characteristics of Korean patients with anti-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenxyme A reductase (HMGCR) myopathy, we measured anti-HMGCR antibodies and analyzed the clinical, radiological, and pathological features of patients with anti-HMGCR myopathy. METHODS: We measured titers of anti-HMGCR antibodies in the sera of 99 patients with inflammatory myopathy, 36 patients with genetic myopathy, and 63 healthy subjects using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We tested 16 myositis-specific autoantibodies (MSAs) in all patients with anti-HMGCR myopathy. RESULTS: Positivity for the anti-HMGCR antibody was observed in 17 (4 males and 13 females) of 99 patients with inflammatory myopathy. The median age at symptom onset was 60 years. Ten (59%) of the patients with anti-HMGCR positivity had taken statins. The titer of anti-HMGCR antibodies was significantly higher in the statin-naïve group (median=230 U/mL, interquartile range=170-443 U/mL) than in the statin-exposed group (median=178 U/mL, interquartile range=105-210 U/mL, p=0.045). The most common symptom was proximal muscle weakness in 15 patients (88%), followed by myalgia in 9 (53%), neck weakness in 4 (24%), dysphagia in 3 (18%), and skin lesions in 2 (12%). The median titer of anti-HMGCR antibody was 202 U/mL. We found eight different MSAs in nine (53%) patients. The median disease duration from symptom onset to diagnosis was significantly shorter in the MSA-positive group than in the MSA-negative group (p=0.027). CONCLUSIONS: Our study was the first to measure anti-HMGCR antibodies in inflammatory myopathy. It has provided new findings, including the suggestion of the coexistence of other MSAs in Korean patients.

Clinical pitfalls and serological diagnostics of MuSK myasthenia gravis.

BACKGROUND: We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for anti-muscle specific tyrosine kinase (MuSK) antibody (Ab) in a large cohort of anti-acetylcholine receptor (AChR) Ab-negative generalized myasthenia gravis (MG), and also to investigate clinical contexts for the diagnosis of MuSK MG. METHODS: A retrospective study of 160 patients with a clinical suspicion of AChR Ab-negative generalized MG was performed. The serum samples were tested for anti-clustered AChR Ab by cell-based assay (CBA), anti-MuSK Ab by ELISA, CBA and/or radioimmunoprecipitation assay (RIPA). Clinical data were compared between anti-MuSK Ab-positive MG and double seronegative (AChR and MuSK) MG groups. RESULTS: After excluding non-MG and clustered AChR Ab-positive patients, we identified 89 patients as a cohort of AChR Ab-negative generalized MG. Anti-MuSK Ab was positive by ELISA in 22 (24.7%) patients. While CBA identified five additional anti-MuSK Ab-positive patients, the results of ELISA were mostly consistent with CBA and RIPA with Cohen's kappa of 0.80 and 0.90, respectively (p < 0.001). The most frequent differential diagnosis was motor neuron disease particularly of bulbar onset which showed remarkably overlapping clinical and electrophysiological features with MuSK MG at presentation. CONCLUSION: While confirming the highest sensitivity of CBA for detecting anti-MuSK Ab, our results highlight the clinical pitfalls in making a diagnosis of MuSK MG and may support a diagnostic utility of MuSK-ELISA in clinical practice.

The significant transformation of life into health and beauty in metaverse era.

BACKGROUND: In 2019, coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) continues, and it is evolving and starting again. It is a situation to keep in mind that now is the era of With Corona (WC) and Long-COVID. "WC" will be a transformation of the quarantine system. The current situation is associated with health and beauty. Sustainability of healthy beauty is giving new meaning to well-being and well-dying. OBJECTIVES: Therefore, in this study, we empirically analyzed the changes in the perception of health and beauty among cosmetic consumers in the metaverse, which are recently becoming an issue in the WC era. METHODS: It was created by searching keywords such as "With Corona," "Health," "Life Beauty," "Customized inner beauty," "Customized cosmetics," "Metaverse," "DTC GT," etc. This study was conducted with reference to PubMed, Google Scholar, Riss, Scopus, and ResearchGate. Accordingly, a total of 472 papers were researched, and among them, 32 papers, which are the focus of the study, were finally included in this study. RESULTS: As the era of WC changes, a new paradigm of converting the customer experience of the beauty market into a metaverse will be beginning. Accordingly, it is necessary to pay attention to changes in the cosmetic industry by reflecting the needs of consumers. CONCLUSION: It is necessary to create a new mobile platform that encompasses three-dimensional health and beauty life using direct-to-customer genetic testing (DTC GT) with Web 3.0 in the metaverse that integrates life health and beauty in the WC era. Accordingly, it is expected that this article will be used as an invaluable marketing material in preparation for new changes in the metaverse cosmetics market in the future by clearly understanding the needs of consumers in the cosmetics industry, which are changing as they transformation to WC era.

Good ingredients from foods to vegan cosmetics after COVID-19 pandemic.

BACKGROUND: New changes are taking place in the beauty and cosmetology market due to changes in daily life due to coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) and environmental alteration caused by the spread of live commerce. PURPOSE: This study technically investigated the future value and direction of vegan cosmetics from food to cosmetics by focusing on good ingredients after COVID-19 pandemic and changing the needs of consumers in the beauty and cosmetics industry. METHODS: This review paper is a critical literature review, and a narrative review approach has been used for this study. A total of 300-400 references were selected using representative journal search websites such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, RISS, and ResearchGate, which a total of 45 papers were selected in the final stage based on 2009 to 2022. RESULT: As environmental problems increased after the COVID-19 pandemic, we tried to understand the needs of consumers for vegan cosmetics, which are good ingredients and good cosmetics. Therefore, this narrative review clearly shows the need for beauty and cosmetics industry consumers to pursue good consumption due to the global COVID-19 pandemic. CONCLUSION: Accordingly, this literature review will need to identify consumer needs for vegan cosmetics that started from vegan foods and develop the applications for the development of customized inner beauty products, customized vegan inner beauty products and/or customized vegan cosmetics using customized cosmetics. This is expected to be used as important marketing materials for the global vegan cosmetics market that confirms new changes in the cosmetics market.

Mobile shopping beauty live commerce changes in COVID-19 pandemic focused on fun contents of MZ generation in Republic of Korea.

BACKGROUND: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the new virus responsible for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. According to these circumstances, a study was conducted to prepare a long-term non-face-to-face outpatient treatment service during the COVID-19 pandemic. Given the current situation of the times, it is expected that there will be no return to the non-face-to-face prior. OBJECTIVES: Therefore, this study descriptively investigated changes in consumer demand for new changes in the cosmetic market that has changed since COVID-19. METHODS: It was written with reference to keywords such as "Covid Mobile Shopping," "Covid MZ Generation," "Covid Live Commerce," and "Fun Content." This study was conducted by searches on PubMed, Google Scholar and Scopus, and ResearchGate. A total of 398 papers were found, of which 40 were successfully included in this study. RESULTS: It is expected that this era will be centered on the MZ generation, which has emerged as a new consumer in the market, where individual tastes and individuality are emphasized. Millennials and Generation Z, also called the "SNS generation," are focusing on consumption trends. CONCLUSION: It is expected that this review will be used as important marketing material for a new change in the cosmetics market by clearly understanding the consumer needs of the cosmetics industry that has changed in the untact era.

Changes in the use of cosmetics worldwide due to increased use of masks in the coronavirus disease-19 pandemic.

BACKGROUND: According to recent experience, people are willing to wear masks to protect themselves from environmental issues such as infections, allergies, and fine dust such as SARS in 2003, swine flu A (H1N1) in 2009, and COVID-19 in 2019. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to investigate the changing conditions of cosmetics use worldwide due to the increase in mask usage. METHODS: This review paper is a literature review, and a narrative review approach has been used for this study. A total of 300-400 references were selected using representative journal search websites such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and RISS, of which a total of 39 papers were selected in the final stage based on 2006-2021. RESULTS: Masks must be worn due to environmental issues and/or infectious diseases, for example, COVID-19. Skin troubles were dramatically increased by the increased use of masks. Additionally, research-related natural products for skin soothing ingredients and makeup products were suggested. CONCLUSION: This review is expected to be used as an important marketing material for new changes in the cosmetics market by clearly grasping the needs of consumers in the beauty and cosmetics industry from the viewpoint of using masks after COVID-19.

Development of customized inner beauty products and customized cosmetics apps according to the use of NRF2 through DTC genetic testing after the COVID-19 pandemic.

BACKGROUND: After the coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic, the definition of health continuity, well-being, and well-dying is also evolving. OBJECTIVES: This review is about the utilization of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) for customized inner beauty products and customized cosmetics through Direct-To-Consumer (DTC) genetic testing in the non-face-to-face era that is evolving after the global pandemic. METHODS: In May 2021, we proposed a narrative review as a new report and commentary. It was written with reference to keywords such as "Covid DTC Genetic Test," "Covid 4th industrial revolution," "Covid NRF2," and "Antioxidants." This study was performed by searching on PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and ResearchGate. A total of 432 papers were retrieved, of which 40 were successfully included in this study. RESULTS: With the rapid transition to a non-face-to-face society after COVID-19, the concept of DTC was born, which allows consumers to receive genetic testing directly without visiting a medical institution. Based on the 4th industrial revolution, a convergence medical device is needed to secure the function as an NRF2 regulator of antioxidants in customized inner beauty products and customized cosmetics. CONCLUSION: Therefore, let us look at the fact that a fusion medical device based on the 4th industrial revolution has emerged in the global DTC genetic test market, which is still insufficient to summarize important research results. This study is expected to be an important data for the development of antioxidants as NRF2 regulators in customized inner beauty products and customized cosmetics. As mobile use increases in the future, additional research focusing on app development is needed, and various follow-up studies are also needed.