RESUMEN
The production of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 (HIV-1), the causative agent of AIDS, requires many interactions between viral and host cell proteins at each step of the viral cycle. The late steps of the replicative cycle of HIV-1 permit the formation of new infectious virions. These steps consist of assembly and budding of the particle, as well as the envelope glycoproteins incorporation step. Several research teams have tried to elucidate the molecular mechanism controlling the envelope glycoproteins (Env) incorporation. Recently, the first cellular cofactor required for this step, Tail-Interacting Protein of 47 kDa (TIP47), has been identified. TIP47 is required for the generation of an infectious viral particle and for the incorporation of the envelope glycoproteins into virions. In this review, we emphasize the key roles of the two major viral structural proteins, Gag and Env, in the last steps of the replicative cycle of HIV-1. We describe the biology of TIP47 and its role as a bridge between Gag and Env, during Env incorporation into new viral particles. Studies discussed in the review illustrate the key roles of proteins implicated in the intracellular trafficking pathways during the formation of the virus.
RESUMEN
The purpose of this review is to provide Latin America's and the region's healthcare professionals with an overview of the current situation related to Zika virus (ZIKAV), and at the same time, to provide relevant clinical and molecular knowledge against this emerging problem. We expect to have a positive impact in diagnostic, surveillance and treatment of this viral disease, specially in those endemic communities, as part of a collective effort against the virus. This review will be distributed as hard-copy and online as a public health and epidemiological initiative.
El propósito de esta revisión es presentar al equipo de salud latinoamericano y de la región del caribe un panorama de la situación actual con el virus Zika (ZIKAV), y al mismo tiempo, proveer conocimiento clínica y molecular relevante para enfrentar este problema emergente. Esperamos que esta revisión tenga un impacto positivo en el diagnóstico, vigilancia, y tratamiento de esta enfermedad viral, especialmente en comunidades endémicas, como parte de un esfuerzo colectivo para enfrentar este virus. Este manuscrito será distribuido electrónicamente y físicamente como una iniciativa de salud pública y epidemiologica.
RESUMEN
El nuevo coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 ha causado miles de muertes alrededor del mundo. La mayoría de los fallecimientos ocurren en instalaciones sanitarias; sin embargo, un número indeterminado de enfermos fallecen de manera súbita, inesperada o repentina en diversos lugares y representan casos de interés médico legal. Compartimos los hallazgos del estudio microscópico de muestras de pulmón de un caso de muerte inesperada de un paciente positivo por COVID-19 que permanecía en aislamiento domiciliario. Nuestras observaciones corroboran la endotelialitis, trombosis y angiogénesis como distintivos de la patología pulmonar de esta nueva enfermedad, hallazgos con implicaciones clínicas y terapéuticas
The new SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus has caused thousands of deaths around the world. Most deaths occur in healthcare facilities. However, an undetermined number of patients die suddenly, unexpectedly in a variety of places and are cases of medical legal interest. We share the findings of the microscopic study of lung samples from a COVID-19 positive patient who died unexpectedly at home in quarantine. Our observations confirm endothelialitis, thrombosis and angiogenesis as microscopic hallmarks of the lung pathology of this new disease. These findings have clinical and therapeutic implications
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Infecciones por Coronavirus/complicaciones , Síndrome Respiratorio Agudo Grave/patología , Coronavirus Relacionado al Síndrome Respiratorio Agudo Severo/patogenicidad , Endotelio Vascular/patología , Trombosis/patología , Neovascularización Patológica/patología , Patologia Forense/métodos , Resultado Fatal , Pulmón/patología , Autopsia/estadística & datos numéricos , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa/métodos , Histocitoquímica/métodosRESUMEN
El nuevo coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 ha causado miles de muertes alrededor del mundo. La mayoría de los fallecimientos ocurren en instalaciones sanitarias; sin embargo, un número indeterminado de enfermos fallecen de manera súbita, inesperada o repentina en diversos lugares y representan casos de interés médico legal. Compartimos los hallazgos del estudio microscópico de muestras de pulmón de un caso de muerte inesperada de un paciente positivo por COVID-19 que permanecía en aislamiento domiciliario. Nuestras observaciones corroboran la endotelialitis, trombosis y angiogénesis como distintivos de la patología pulmonar de esta nueva enfermedad, hallazgos con implicaciones clínicas y terapéuticas
The new SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus has caused thousands of deaths around the world. Most deaths occur in healthcare facilities. However, an undetermined number of patients die suddenly, unexpectedly in a variety of places and are cases of medical legal interest. We share the findings of the microscopic study of lung samples from a COVID-19 positive patient who died unexpectedly at home in quarantine. Our observations confirm endothelialitis, thrombosis and angiogenesis as microscopic hallmarks of the lung pathology of this new disease. These findings have clinical and therapeutic implications