Impact of artificial intelligence on the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of endometrial cancer.

Endometrial cancer is one of the most prevalent tumours in females and holds an 83% survival rate within 5 years of diagnosis. Hypoestrogenism is a major risk factor for the development of endometrial carcinoma (EC) therefore two major types are derived, type 1 being oestrogen-dependent and type 2 being oestrogen independent. Surgery, chemotherapeutic drugs, and radiation therapy are only a few of the treatment options for EC. Treatment of gynaecologic malignancies greatly depends on diagnosis or prognostic prediction. Diagnostic imaging data and clinical course prediction are the two core pillars of artificial intelligence (AI) applications. One of the most popular imaging techniques for spotting preoperative endometrial cancer is MRI, although this technique can only produce qualitative data. When used to classify patients, AI improves the effectiveness of visual feature extraction. In general, AI has the potential to enhance the precision and effectiveness of endometrial cancer diagnosis and therapy. This review aims to highlight the current status of applications of AI in endometrial cancer and provide a comprehensive understanding of how recent advancements in AI have assisted clinicians in making better diagnosis and improving prognosis of endometrial cancer. Still, additional study is required to comprehend its strengths and limits fully.

Vitamin D and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): a review.

A common health problem known as polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), is characterized by irregular periods, an excess of androgen production, and polycystic ovaries. It is one of the most prevalent endocrine disorders in women of reproductive age, affecting 4-20% of women worldwide. Numerous studies have found a connection between the onset and symptoms of PCOS and Vitamin D insufficiency. Vitamin D insufficiency causes calcium dysregulation and follicular arrest in women with PCOS, which is connected to menstrual irregularities and fertility issues. Studies have connected PCOS metabolic alterations to VDR polymorphisms such as iApa-I, Taq-I, Cdx2, and Fok-I. Insulin resistance is directly related to Vitamin D, is one of the most distinctive characteristics of the PCOS phenotype. Thus, it is suggested that Vitamin D therapy may help PCOS patients with their insulin sensitivity. In addition to insulin resistance, cardiovascular issues are a second metabolic disturbance that PCOS patients with low Vitamin D levels experience. Dyslipidemia is not linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease in PCOS-affected women. Vitamin D dramatically improves glucose metabolism by increasing insulin production, insulin receptor expression and reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines. The effect of Vitamin D on the metabolic and reproductive dysfunctions associated with PCOS may be mediated by an overall impact on insulin resistance. Vitamin D supplementation improved menstrual periods, increased folliculogenesis, and decreased blood testosterone levels in PCOS patients, all of which had a significant impact on the ability to procreate. As a result, it might be a cutting-edge therapeutic strategy for treating PCOS concurrently.

Increased burden of booster shots for COVID-19 amidst vaccine hesitancy in Pakistan.

Pakistan is dealing with the fifth wave brought on by the new type, Omicron (or B.1.1.529) with 1,547,795 confirmed cases with 30,452 deaths of COVID-19, as reported by World Health Organization (WHO) from 2020 to 2022. Vaccination is the best tool to curb this pandemic and fight against the new variants as it reduces the likelihood that the disease will be severe. A two-dose regimen of the BNT162b2 vaccine provides 95% protection to people aged 16 years and above, against the novel coronavirus. However, like in other developing countries, the vaccination campaign in Pakistan is hampered due to vaccine hesitation. This might not be the last mutation the world shall face. As with any other virus, the corona-virus is also expected to mutate frequently in the future, making annual booster shots the only way to stay significantly immunized against this deadly virus. Communication and counseling are needed to build their trust while taking care of social inequalities in the population. The authorities must intensify their efforts and should address this very important issue.

COVID-19 associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA): An added potential burden on India's pre-existing fungal superinfection.

The ongoing pandemic that initiated in Wuhan, China, has been an international public health emergency since January 2020. India has been battling a brutal COVID-19's second wave since April 2021. The healthcare system was struggling with a substantial increase in COVID-19 cases when the lack of necessary resources further aroused a major setback. Opportunistic fungal infections, specifically mucormycosis and candidiasis have become a pressing matter of concern. Recent cases of aspergillosis have also heightened public alarm. Hence, call for an immediate response to this public health crisis is the need of the hour by establishing countrywide surveillance, diagnostic, and management system, as well as public awareness to alleviate the burden of COVID-19 and fungal infections in India.

HIV/AIDS among children in Ratodero, Pakistan amidst the COVID-19 pandemic: Challenges, efforts, and recommendations.

In Pakistan, HIV has increased at an alarming rate in recent decades, and the death toll has risen. It is a public health challenge amidst the COVID-19 pandemic that is not being given due importance. The present article looks at the challenges and efforts being made to deal with HIV among children in Ratodero, Pakistan, and addresses measures that can be taken to control the disease in the child population epidemiologically.