Knockout of the sugar transporter OsSTP15 enhances grain yield by improving tiller number due to increased sugar content in the shoot base of rice (Oryza sativa L.).

Sugar transporter proteins (STPs) play critical roles in regulating plant stress tolerance, growth, and development. However, the role of STPs in regulating crop yield is poorly understood. This study elucidates the mechanism by which knockout of the sugar transporter OsSTP15 enhances grain yield via increasing the tiller number in rice. We found that OsSTP15 is specifically expressed in the shoot base and vascular bundle sheath of seedlings and encodes a plasma membrane-localized high-affinity glucose efflux transporter. OsSTP15 knockout enhanced sucrose and trehalose-6-phosphate (Tre6P) synthesis in leaves and improved sucrose transport to the shoot base by inducing the expression of sucrose transporters. Higher glucose, sucrose, and Tre6P contents were observed at the shoot base of stp15 plants. Transcriptome and metabolome analyses of the shoot base demonstrated that OsSTP15 knockout upregulated the expression of cytokinin (CK) synthesis- and signaling pathway-related genes and increased CK levels. These findings suggest that OsSTP15 knockout represses glucose export from the cytoplasm and simultaneously enhances sugar transport from source leaves to the shoot base by promoting the synthesis of sucrose and Tre6P in leaves. Subsequent accumulation of glucose, sucrose, and Tre6P in the shoot base promotes tillering by stimulating the CK signaling pathway.

The relationship between third molar agenesis and craniofacial morphology: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Agenesis of third molar agenesis has a higher incidence than other tooth development anomalies. Previous research identified a potential correlation between third molar agenesis and specific craniofacial morphology; however, no systematic review and meta-analysis on this topic currently exists. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the association between third molar agenesis and craniofacial sagittal and vertical morphology. SEARCH METHODS: An electronic search was conducted on PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library without restrictions on publication year or language; this was supplemented by the manual retrieval of relevant literature. SELECTION CRITERIA: Cross-sectional studies that compared craniofacial morphology using angular and linear measurements obtained from lateral cephalography between patients with third molar agenesis and those without were included. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: The quality assessment of the enrolled articles was evaluated by the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tool. Meta-analysis and sensitivity analysis were performed by Review Manager software (The Cochrane Collaborative, version 5.4, Cochrane IMS). RESULTS: A total of seven studies were included. Meta-analysis demonstrated that the ANB (mean differences (MD) = -0.75, 95% CI: -1.31 to -0.19, P < 0.01), palate length (ANS-PNS, MD = -1.68, 95% CI: -2.24 to -1.11, P < 0.01), and mandibular length (Go-Pog, MD = -0.36, 95% CI: -0.59 to -0.13, P < 0.01) were smaller in patients with third molar agenesis. With regard to vertical craniofacial morphology, the mandibular plane angle (MP-FH; MD = -1.88, 95% CI: -3.45 to -0.31, P = 0.02), gonial angle (gonial angle; MD = -1.73, 95% CI: -2.69 to -0.77, P < 0.01) and lower face height (lower face heigh angle; MD = -1.36, 95% CI: -1.94 to -0.77, P < 0.01) were smaller in patients with third molar agenesis, indicating a flatter or brachyfacial skeletal pattern. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study suggest that third molar agenesis maybe associated with a reduced maxillary length and a flatter mandible. However, these findings need to be interpreted with caution due to inconsistencies in the certainty of evidence. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: PROSPERO (CRD42023448226).

Individualized positive end-expiratory pressure guided by respiratory mechanics during anesthesia for the prevention of postoperative pulmonary complications: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

The optimization of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) according to respiratory mechanics [driving pressure or respiratory system compliance (Crs)] is a simple and straightforward strategy. However, its validity to prevent postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) remains unclear. Here, we performed a meta-analysis to assess such efficacy. We searched PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared personalized PEEP based on respiratory mechanics and constant PEEP to prevent PPCs in adults. The primary outcome was PPCs. Fourteen studies with 1105 patients were included. Compared with those who received constant PEEP, patients who received optimized PEEP exhibited a significant reduction in the incidence of PPCs (RR = 0.54, 95% CI 0.42 to 0.69). The results of commonly happened PPCs (pulmonary infections, hypoxemia, and atelectasis but not pleural effusion) also supported individualized PEEP group. Moreover, the application of PEEP based on respiratory mechanics improved intraoperative respiratory mechanics (driving pressure and Crs) and oxygenation. The PEEP titration method based on respiratory mechanics seems to work positively for lung protection in surgical patients undergoing general anesthesia.

Polyphenol-Enriched Extracts from Trapa acornis Husks Inhibit Her2-Positive SK-BR-3 Breast Cancer Cell Proliferation and In Vivo Tumor Angiogenesis.

The study aimed to investigate the antitumor effects of Trapa acornis husks (TAH) extract on SK-BR-3 cells of Her2-positive breast cancer. The bioactive compounds of TAH extracts were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively by Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-MS)/high-performance liquid chromatographic system (HPLC). The effects of TAH extracts on cell proliferation, cell cycle, and apoptosis of SK-BR-3 cells were determined by CCK-8 and flow cytometry. Besides, the In Vivo antitumor effect of TAH extracts was detected. UPLC-MS/HPLC showed that the main bioactive compounds of TAH were gallic acid and galloylglucose derivatives. TAH extracts significantly inhibited the proliferation of SK-BR-3 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner (P < 0.01). With the increase of TAH extracts concentration, cells in G2/M stage were increased and cell apoptosis was significantly increased. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that TAH extracts can significantly reduce the positive expression rate of Ki67 and Factor VIII index in tumor tissues. The mRNA expression levels of VEGF, MMP2, MMP9, and uPA were reduced after TAH extracts intervention (P < 0.01). TAH extracts also decreased the protein expression of p-Her2, p-ERK1/2, VEGF, MMP2, MMP9, and uPA (P < 0.01). In conclusion, polyphenol-enriched extracts from TAH might inhibit breast cancer cell proliferation and In Vivo tumor angiogenesis.

Effects of the surface charge of polyamidoamine dendrimers on cellular exocytosis and the exocytosis mechanism in multidrug-resistant breast cancer cells.

BACKGROUND: Polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer applications have extended from tumor cells to multidrug-resistant tumor cells. However, their transportation in multidrug-resistant tumor cells remains unclear. Herein, we investigated the exocytosis rule and mechanism of PAMAM dendrimers in multidrug-resistant tumor cells. RESULTS: Using a multidrug-resistant human breast cancer cell model (MCF-7/ADR), we performed systematic analyses of the cellular exocytosis dynamics, pathways and mechanisms of three PAMAM dendrimers with different surface charges: positively charged PAMAM-NH2, neutral PAMAM-OH and negatively charged PAMAM-COOH. The experimental data indicated that in MCF-7/ADR cells, the exocytosis rate was the highest for PAMAM-NH2 and the lowest for PAMAM-OH. Three intracellular transportation processes and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) participated in PAMAM-NH2 exocytosis in MCF-7/ADR cells. Two intracellular transportation processes, P-gp and multidrug resistance (MDR)-associated protein participated in PAMAM-COOH exocytosis. P-gp and MDR-associated protein participated in PAMAM-OH exocytosis. Intracellular transportation processes, rather than P-gp and MDR-associated protein, played major roles in PAMAM dendrimer exocytosis. PAMAM-NH2 could enter MCF-7/ADR cells by forming nanoscale membrane holes, but this portion of PAMAM-NH2 was eliminated by P-gp. Compared with PAMAM-OH and PAMAM-COOH, positively charged PAMAM-NH2 was preferentially attracted to the mitochondria and cell nuclei. Major vault protein (MVP) promoted exocytosis of PAMAM-NH2 from the nucleus but had no effect on the exocytosis of PAMAM-OH or PAMAM-COOH. CONCLUSIONS: Positive charges on the surface of PAMAM dendrimer promote its exocytosis in MCF-7/ADR cells. Three intracellular transportation processes, attraction to the mitochondria and cell nucleus, as well as nuclear efflux generated by MVP led to the highest exocytosis observed for PAMAM-NH2. Our findings provide theoretical guidance to design a surface-charged tumor-targeting drug delivery system with highly efficient transfection in multidrug-resistant tumor cells. Especially, to provide more DNA to the nucleus and enhance DNA transfection efficiency in multidrug-resistant tumor cells using PAMAM-NH2, siRNA-MVP or an inhibitor should be codelivered to decrease MVP-mediated nuclear efflux.

[Advance on pharmacokinetics study of traditional Chinese medicine injections in recent ten years].

Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) injections boast a definite efficacy and have been widely used in clinic. However, the problems in medication safety have been attracted increasing attention. Pharmacokinetics is of significance to guiding TCM injection administration regimen design and improving safety and effectiveness in clinical use. In recent years, with the improvement of ideas, technology and methods of TCM studies, the pharmacokinetic studies of TCM injections have been broadly performed, with a notable progress. This paper reviewed the advance in pharmacokinetics studies of TCM injections in recent ten years, which mainly focused on pre-clinical concentration-time course, distribution, metabolism and excretion in vivo based on analysis techniques, pharmacokinetic interactions of constitutes, impact of pathological state, pharmacokinetic interactions between TCM injection and chemical drugs, and clinical pharmacokinetics studies of TCM injections, in the expectation of providing reference for studies on quality control, product development and rational clinical use of TCM injections.

Successful implementation of an enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocol reduces nausea and vomiting after infratentorial craniotomy for tumour resection: a randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Infratentorial craniotomy patients have a high incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocols have been shown in multiple surgical disciplines to improve outcomes, including reduced PONV. However, very few studies have described the application of ERAS to infratentorial craniotomy. The aim of this study was to examine whether our ERAS protocol for infratentorial craniotomy could improve PONV. METHODS: We implemented an evidence-based, multimodal ERAS protocol for patients undergoing infratentorial craniotomy. A total of 105 patients who underwent infratentorial craniotomy were randomized into either the ERAS group (n = 50) or the control group (n = 55). Primary outcomes were the incidence of vomiting, nausea score, and use of rescue antiemetic during the first 72 h after surgery. Secondary outcomes included postoperative anxiety level, sleep quality, and complications. RESULTS: Over the entire 72 h post-craniotomy observation period, the cumulative incidence of vomiting was significantly lower in the ERAS group than in the control group. Meanwhile, the incidence of vomiting was significantly lower in the ERAS group on postoperative days (PODs) 2 and 3. Notably, the proportion of patients with mild nausea (VAS 0-4) was higher in the ERAS group as compared to the control group on PODs 2 or 3. Additionally, the postoperative anxiety level and quality of sleep were significantly better in the ERAS group. CONCLUSION: Successful implementation of our ERAS protocol in infratentorial craniotomy patients could attenuate postoperative anxiety, improve sleep quality, and reduce the incidence of PONV, without increasing the rate of postoperative complications. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ChiCTR-INR-16009662, 27 Oct 2016, Clinical study on the development and efficacy evaluation of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) in Neurosurgery.

[Quantitative determination and optimun extraction technique of nine compounds of Paeoniae Radix Alba].

OBJECTIVE: To establish the optimum extraction technique and high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method to simultaneously quantify nine compounds of gallic acid, hydroxy-paeoniflorin, catechin, albiflorin, paeoniflorin, pentagalloylglucose, benzoic acid, benzoylpaeoniflorin and paeonol in Paeoniae Radix Alba. METHODS: Linear gradient elution was applied using water containing 0.1%phosphoric acid and acetonitrile as the mobile phase with a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, column temperature of 30℃ and wavelength of 230 nm. The method of ultrasound extraction was used. Methanol and ethanol were used as extraction solvents, and three factors and three levels of orthogonal experiments was designed using L 9(3 4) table to investigate the effects of solvent concentration, ratio of liquid to material and extraction time on the total content of nine components of Paeoniae Radix Alba. RESULTS: HPLC method was verified to have high specificity, sensitivity and accuracy through methodological validation, and it could be used for simultaneous quantitative analysis of nine components of Paeoniae Radix Alba. The results showed that the optimum extraction technology of nine components of Paeoniae Radix Alba was using 70%ethanol as extraction solvent, ratio of liquid to material was 200 mL/g and ultrasound extraction time was 30 min. CONCLUSIONS: HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of nine components of Paeoniae Radix Alba is established, and the optimum extraction technology is confirmed.

OsMSR3, a Small Heat Shock Protein, Confers Enhanced Tolerance to Copper Stress in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Copper is a mineral element essential for the normal growth and development of plants; however, excessive levels can severely affect plant growth and development. Oryza sativa L. multiple stress-responsive gene 3 (OsMSR3) is a small, low-molecular-weight heat shock protein (HSP) gene. A previous study has shown that OsMSR3 expression improves the tolerance of Arabidopsis to cadmium stress. However, the role of OsMSR3 in the Cu stress response of plants remains unclear, and, thus, this study aimed to elucidate this phenomenon in Arabidopsis thaliana, to further understand the role of small HSPs (sHSPs) in heavy metal resistance in plants. Under Cu stress, transgenic A. thaliana expressing OsMSR3 showed higher tolerance to Cu, longer roots, higher survival rates, biomass, and relative water content, and accumulated more Cu, abscisic acid (ABA), hydrogen peroxide, chlorophyll, carotenoid, superoxide dismutase, and peroxidase than wild-type plants did. Moreover, OsMSR3 expression in A. thaliana increased the expression of antioxidant-related and ABA-responsive genes. Collectively, our findings suggest that OsMSR3 played an important role in regulating Cu tolerance in plants and improved their tolerance to Cu stress through enhanced activation of antioxidative defense mechanisms and positive regulation of ABA-responsive gene expression.

NtRLK5, a novel RLK-like protein kinase from Nitotiana tobacum, positively regulates drought tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis.

Receptor-like protein kinase (RLKs) plays pivotal roles in plant growth and development as well as stress responses. However, little is known about the function of RLKs in Nitotiana tobacum. In the present study, we present data on NtRLK5, a novel RLK-like gene isolated from Hongda (Nitotiana tobacum L.). Expression profile analysis revealed that NtRLK5 was strongly induced by drought and salt stresses. Transient expression of NtRLK5-GFP fusion protein in protoplast showed that NtRLK5 was localized to plasma membrane. Overexpression of NtRLK5 conferred enhanced drought tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis plants, which was attributed to not only the lower malondialdehyde (MDA) and H2O2 contents, but also the higher antioxidant enzymes activities. Moreover, the expression of several antioxidation- and stress-related genes was also significantly up-regulated in NtRLK5 transgenic plants under drought condition. Taken together, the results suggest that NtRLK5 functions as a positive regulator in drought tolerance.

[Extraction of flavonoids in Prunella vulgaris based on deep eutectic solvent method：application of new green solvent].

Flavonoids have attracted much attention due to their good anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidation and anti-tumor effects. At present, the extraction of flavonoids is mainly based on organic solvent, while the researches on the use of green and safe solvents are quite limited. Therefore, in the present study, different types of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) were applied to investigate their effect on extraction of flavonoids and optimize the process, also investigate the recovery efficiency of DESs and evaluate the recovery method for total flavonoids. The extraction yield of the total flavonoids acted as the comprehensive evaluation indexes, and a central composite design (CCD) of response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to further optimize the alcohol-based DES extraction conditions. The results showed that the optimized extraction conditions were as follows: water-DES ratio of 27%, solid-liquid ratio of 15 mL·g⁻¹, extraction temperature of 83 °C and extraction time of 42 min in ChCl-glycerol at 1:4 ratio. Under these conditions, the mean experimental value of the extraction yield (75.05 mg·g⁻¹) corresponded well with the predicted value (77.86 mg·g⁻¹). Moreover, these experimental results showed more advantages such as in higher efficiency, economy and environmental protection as compared with previously reported conventional extraction methods. In addition，the recovery yield of the total flavonoids from the DESs extraction solution achieved 97.88% by using AB-8 macroporous resin, and 88.12% desorption ratio can be achieved by 100% ethanol with 5 times resin content. After the above treated DESs were collected, the extraction yield with the same method reached 95.23%, indicating that the method of macroporous resin can be used for efficient and simple recovery and reuse. This study suggests that DESs can be used as a kind of sustainable and efficient natural extraction solvents for extraction of flavonoids from Prunella vulgaris.

Deciphering the physiological and molecular mechanisms for copper tolerance in autotetraploid Arabidopsis.

KEY MESSAGE: Autotetraploid Arabidopsis line esd and 4COL exhibit enhanced tolerance to Cu stress by enhancing activation of antioxidative defenses, altering expression of genes related to Cu transport, chelation, and ABA-responsive. Autopolyploidy is ubiquitous among angiosperms and often results in better adaptation to stress conditions. Although copper (Cu) is an essential trace element, excess amounts can inhibit plant growth and even result in death. Here, we report that autotetraploid Arabidopsis thaliana esd and 4COL exhibit higher tolerance to Cu stress. Under such conditions, tetraploid plants had lower Cu contents and significantly more biomass compared with diploid plants. When exposed to excess Cu for 24 h, levels of superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide, and malondialdehyde were lower in tetraploids than in diploids. Moreover, activities of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and peroxidase were stimulated and glutathione content was maintained at a relative higher level in the tetraploids. The expression of genes related to Cu transport and chelation was altered in autotetraploid Arabidopsis under Cu stress, and several key genes involved in the response to abscisic acid (ABA) were significantly up-regulated. Our results indicate that tetraploid Arabidopsis esd and 4COL acquire improved tolerance to Cu stress through enhanced activation of antioxidative defense mechanisms, altered expression of genes related to Cu transport and chelation, and positive regulation of expression for ABA-responsive genes.

Cloning and molecular characterization of phospholipase D (PLD) delta gene from longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.).

Longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.) is a non-climacteric fruit with a short postharvest life. The regulation of phospholipase D (PLD) activity closely relates to postharvest browning and senescence of longan fruit. In this study, a novel cDNA clone of longan PLDδ (LgPLDδ) was obtained and registered in GenBank (accession No. JF791814). The deduced amino acid sequence possessed all of the three typical domains of plant PLDs, a C2 domain and two catalytic HxKxxxxD motifs. The tertiary structure of LgPLDδ was further predicted. The western blot result showed that the LgPLDδ protein was specifically recognized by PLDδ antibody. The Q-RT-PCR (real-time quantitative PCR) result showed that the level of LgPLDδ mRNA expression was higher in senescent tissues than in developing tissues, which was also high in postharvest fruit. The western-blotting result further certified the different expression of LgPLDδ. These results provided a scientific basis for further investigating the mechanism of postharvest longan fruit adapting to environmental stress.

Inhibition of PKM2 suppresses osteoclastogenesis and alleviates bone loss in mouse periodontitis.

BACKGROUND: Chronic periodontitis triggers an increase in osteoclastogenesis, with glycolysis playing a crucial role in this process. Pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) is a critical enzyme involved in glycolysis and pyruvate metabolism. Yet, the precise function of PKM2 in osteoclasts and their formation remains unclear and requires further investigation. METHODS: Bioinformatics was used to investigate critical biological processes in osteoclastogenesis. In vitro, osteoclastogenesis was analyzed using tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining, phalloidin staining, quantitative real­time PCR (RT-qPCR), and Western blotting. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) of PKM2 and Shikonin, a specific inhibitor of PKM2, were used to verify the role of PKM2 in osteoclastogenesis. The mouse model of periodontitis was used to assess the effect of shikonin on bone loss. Analyses included micro computed tomography, immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, TRAP staining and HE staining. RESULTS: Bioinformatic analysis revealed a significant impact of glycolysis and pyruvate metabolism on osteoclastogenesis. Inhibition of PKM2 leads to a significant reduction in osteoclastogenesis. In vitro, co-culture of the heat-killed Porphyromonas gingivalis significantly promoted osteoclastogenesis, concomitant with an increased PKM2 expression in osteoclasts. Shikonin weakened the promoting effect of porphyromonas gingivalis on osteoclastogenesis. In vivo experiments demonstrated that inhibition of PKM2 by shikonin alleviated bone loss induced by periodontitis, suppressed excessive osteoclastogenesis in alveolar bone, and reduced tissue inflammation to some extent. CONCLUSION: PKM2 inhibition by shikonin, a specific inhibitor of this enzyme, attenuated osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption in periodontitis. Shikonin appears to be a promising therapeutic agent for treating periodontitis.

Identification of PANoptosis-related subtypes, construction of a prognosis signature, and tumor microenvironment landscape of hepatocellular carcinoma using bioinformatic analysis and experimental verification.

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most lethal malignancies worldwide. PANoptosis is a recently unveiled programmed cell death pathway, Nonetheless, the precise implications of PANoptosis within the context of HCC remain incompletely elucidated. Methods: We conducted a comprehensive bioinformatics analysis to evaluate both the expression and mutation patterns of PANoptosis-related genes (PRGs). We categorized HCC into two clusters and identified differentially expressed PANoptosis-related genes (DEPRGs). Next, a PANoptosis risk model was constructed using LASSO and multivariate Cox regression analyses. The relationship between PRGs, risk genes, the risk model, and the immune microenvironment was studies. In addition, drug sensitivity between high- and low-risk groups was examined. The expression profiles of these four risk genes were elucidate by qRT-PCR or immunohistochemical (IHC). Furthermore, the effect of CTSC knock down on HCC cell behavior was verified using in vitro experiments. Results: We constructed a prognostic signature of four DEPRGs (CTSC, CDCA8, G6PD, and CXCL9). Receiver operating characteristic curve analyses underscored the superior prognostic capacity of this signature in assessing the outcomes of HCC patients. Subsequently, patients were stratified based on their risk scores, which revealed that the low-risk group had better prognosis than those in the high-risk group. High-risk group displayed a lower Stromal Score, Immune Score, ESTIMATE score, and higher cancer stem cell content, tumor mutation burden (TMB) values. Furthermore, a correlation was noted between the risk model and the sensitivity to 56 chemotherapeutic agents, as well as immunotherapy efficacy, in patient with. These findings provide valuable guidance for personalized clinical treatment strategies. The qRT-PCR analysis revealed that upregulated expression of CTSC, CDCA8, and G6PD, whereas downregulated expression of CXCL9 in HCC compared with adjacent tumor tissue and normal liver cell lines. The knockdown of CTSC significantly reduced both HCC cell proliferation and migration. Conclusion: Our study underscores the promise of PANoptosis-based molecular clustering and prognostic signatures in predicting patient survival and discerning the intricacies of the tumor microenvironment within the context of HCC. These insights hold the potential to advance our comprehension of the therapeutic contribution of PANoptosis plays in HCC and pave the way for generating more efficacious treatment strategies.

Comparative analysis of whole cell-derived vesicular delivery systems for photodynamic therapy of extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.

This first-in-its-class proof-of-concept study explored the use of bionanovesicles for the delivery of photosensitizer into cultured cholangiocarcinoma cells and subsequent treatment by photodynamic therapy (PDT). Two types of bionanovesicles were prepared: cellular vesicles (CVs) were fabricated by sonication-mediated nanosizing of cholangiocarcinoma (TFK-1) cells, whereas cell membrane vesicles (CMVs) were produced by TFK-1 cell and organelle membrane isolation and subsequent nanovesicularization by sonication. The bionanovesicles were loaded with zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPC). The CVs and CMVs were characterized (size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, stability, ZnPC encapsulation efficiency, spectral properties) and assayed for tumor (TFK-1) cell association and uptake (flow cytometry, confocal microscopy), intracellular ZnPC distribution (confocal microscopy), dark toxicity (MTS assay), and PDT efficacy (MTS assay). The mean ±â€¯SD diameter, polydispersity index, and zeta potential were 134 ±â€¯1 nm, -16.1 ±â€¯0.9, and 0.220 ±â€¯0.013, respectively, for CVs and 172 ±â€¯3 nm, -16.4 ±â€¯1.1, and 0.167 ±â€¯0.022, respectively, for CMVs. Cold storage for 1 wk and incorporation of ZnPC increased bionanovesicular diameter slightly but size remained within the recommended range for in vivo application (136-220 nm). ZnPC was incorporated into CVs and CMVs at an optimal photosensitizer:lipid molar ratio of 0.006 and 0.01, respectively. Both bionanovesicles were avidly taken up by TFK-1 cells, resulting in homogenous intracellular ZnPC dispersion. Photosensitization of TFK-1 cells did not cause dark toxicity, while illumination at 671 nm (35.3 J/cm2) produced LC50 values of 1.11 µM (CVs) and 0.51 µM (CMVs) at 24 h post-PDT, which is superior to most LC50 values generated in tumor cells photosensitized with liposomal ZnPC. In conclusion, CVs and CMVs constitute a potent photosensitizer platform with no inherent cytotoxicity and high PDT efficacy in vitro.

[Influence of superfine grinding technology on extracting flavones from plantain].

OBJECTIVE: To study the influence of superfine grinding technology on extracting flavones from plantain and explore its optimum extraction technology. METHODS: Ultrasonic technology was used to extract the flavones in superfine grinding plantain, the content of flavone glycosides was determined by RP-HPLC. RESULTS: The optimum technology was as follows: the concentration of ethanol was 60%, temperature was 60 degrees C, solid-liquid ratio (g:mL) was 1:20 and extraction time was 20 min. Under these conditions, flavonoids extraction rate of superfine grinding powder was higher than that of conventional powder. CONCLUSION: The technology of superfine grinding can improve flavonoids extraction rate in plantain. An optimum method for extracting flavonoids from superfine granding plantain is established.

[Design and application of heating device and temperature control system for dialysis fluid bag in continuous renal replacement therapy].

In the process of continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT), various factors such as the temperature of replacement fluid, the flow of fluid and the circulation of blood in cardiopulmonary bypass, lead to the temperature of the blood injected back into the body is often lower than normal. It leads to the decrease of body temperature and the occurrence of hypothermia, which can be life-threatening in severe cases. In clinical practice, medical staff mostly reduces the occurrence of hypothermia in patients with CRRT by means of the heating device of the machine, the heating of the liquid temperature box for cardiopulmonary bypass, and the application of heating blankets, but the effect is not ideal. Therefore, medical staff of the department of critical care medicine of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University designed a heating device and temperature control system for CRRT dialysis fluid bag, and obtained the National Invention Patent of China (ZL 2021 1 0334906.7). The device includes a heating and thermal insulation device and a temperature control system, wherein the heating and thermal insulation device is composed of the body of the heating dialysis fluid bag and the temperature control structure, which solves the problems of safe and efficient liquid heating and thermal insulation during the CRRT process. The temperature control system can display the dynamic state of the patient's body temperature, adjust the temperature of the dialysis fluid bag in time, and monitor the temperature of the blood transfusion in real time through the cooperation of the five modules of data collection, data handle, data analysis, regulation and display. This design is applied to CRRT, which can achieve precise control of body temperature of critically ill patients, and has certain clinical significance.

Influence of differences in mandibular incisor inclination on skeletal stability after orthognathic surgery in patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion.

OBJECTIVE: The preoperative inclination angle of mandibular incisors was crucial for surgical and postoperative stability while the effect of proclined mandibular incisors on skeletal stability has not been investigated. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of differences in presurgical mandibular incisor inclination on skeletal stability after orthognathic surgery in patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study of 80 consecutive patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion who underwent bimaxillary orthognathic surgery was conducted. According to incisor mandibular plane angle (IMPA), patients were divided into 3 groups: retroclined inclination (IMPA < 87°), normal inclination (87° ≤ IMPA < 93°) and proclined inclination (IMPA ≥ 93°). Preoperative characteristics, surgical changes and postoperative stability were compared based on lateral cephalograms obtained 1 week before surgery (T0), 1 week after surgery (T1), and at 6 to 12 months postoperatively (T2). RESULTS: The mandible demonstrated a forward and upward relapse in all three groups. No significant differences in skeletal relapse were observed in the 3 groups of patients. However, the proclined inclination group showed a negative overbite tendency postoperatively compared with the other two groups and a clinically significant mandibular relapse pattern. Proclined IMPA both pre- and postoperatively was correlated with mandibular relapse. CONCLUSION: Sufficient presurgical mandibular incisor decompensation was of crucial importance for the maintenance of skeletal stability in patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion who subsequently underwent orthognathic surgery.