Multislip-enabled morphing of all-inorganic perovskites.

All-inorganic lead halide perovskites (CsPbX3, X = Cl, Br or I) are becoming increasingly important for energy conversion and optoelectronics because of their outstanding performance and enhanced environmental stability. Morphing perovskites into specific shapes and geometries without damaging their intrinsic functional properties is attractive for designing devices and manufacturing. However, inorganic semiconductors are often intrinsically brittle at room temperature, except for some recently reported layered or van der Waals semiconductors. Here, by in situ compression, we demonstrate that single-crystal CsPbX3 micropillars can be substantially morphed into distinct shapes (cubic, L and Z shapes, rectangular arches and so on) without localized cleavage or cracks. Such exceptional plasticity is enabled by successive slips of partial dislocations on multiple [Formula: see text] systems, as evidenced by atomic-resolution transmission electron microscopy and first-principles and atomistic simulations. The optoelectronic performance and bandgap of the devices were unchanged. Thus, our results suggest that CsPbX3 perovskites, as potential deformable inorganic semiconductors, may have profound implications for the manufacture of advanced optoelectronics and energy systems.

Integrative analysis of genes reveals endoplasmic reticulum stress-related immune responses involved in dilated cardiomyopathy with fibrosis.

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has been implicated in the mechanisms underlying the fibrotic process in dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and results in disease exacerbation; however, the molecular details of this mechanism remain unclear. Through microarray and bioinformatic analyses, we explored genetic alterations in myocardial fibrosis (MF) and identified potential biomarkers related to ER stress. We integrated two public microarray datasets, including 19 DCM and 16 control samples, and comprehensively analyzed differential expression, biological functions, molecular interactions, and immune infiltration levels. The immune cell signatures suggest that inflammatory immune imbalance may promote MF progression. Both innate and adaptive immunity are involved in MF development, and T-cell subsets account for a considerable proportion of immune infiltration. The immune subtypes were further compared, and 103 differentially expressed ER stress-related genes were identified. These genes were mainly enriched in neuronal apoptosis, protein modification, oxidative stress reaction, glycolysis and gluconeogenesis, and NOD-like receptor signaling pathways. Furthermore, the 15 highest-scoring core genes were identified. Seven hub genes (AK1, ARPC3, GSN, KPNA2, PARP1, PFKL, and PRKC) might participate in immune-related mechanisms. Our results offer a new integrative view of the pathways and interaction networks of ER stress-related genes and provide guidance for developing novel therapeutic strategies for MF.

Preliminary evidence for endoscopic surgery combined with postoperative anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in advanced recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

BACKGROUD: Endoscopic surgery can be used as the main treatment for advanced recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma (rNPC). However, there is a huge clinical controversy about the need for consolidated immunotherapy after surgery. METHODS: We performed a retrospective propensity score-matched analysis (1:2) of patients with locally advanced rNPC who underwent endoscopic nasopharyngectomy (ENPG) combined with anti-programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) monotherapy or ENPG alone. The survival rate was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier method. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS). The secondary endpoints included overall survival (OS), objective response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR). Potential surgical-related complications and immune-related adverse events (AEs) were also assessed. RESULTS: We recruited 10 patients receiving ENPG plus anti-PD-1 monotherapy and 20 receiving ENPG alone. During the mean follow-up of 23.8 months, a significant improvement in the 2-year PFS was detected in the consolidation immunotherapy group compared to the ENPG alone group (80.0% vs. 40.0%; HR = 0.258; 95% CI: 0.09-0.72; p = 0.04), while the 2-year OS in the consolidation immunotherapy group was not significantly longer than that in the ENPG alone group (90.0% vs. 75.0%; HR = 0.482; 95% CI: 0.08-3.00; p = 0.50). The incidence of surgical-related complications in the consolidation immunotherapy group and ENPG alone group was 70.0 and 60.0%, respectively. Immune-related AEs were similar between the toripalimab arm (75.0%) and the camrelizumab arm (66.7%). Surgical-related complications depend on symptomatic treatments. Immune-related AEs were mild and tolerable. CONCLUSIONS: Consolidation immunotherapy regimen for patients with advanced rNPC after ENPG compared to ENPG alone provides a superior PFS rate with a manageable safety profile.

Preoperative Transarterial Embolization of Advanced Juvenile Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma Using n-Butyl Cyanoacrylate: Case-Control Comparison with Microspheres.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of transarterial embolization (TAE) with n-butyl cyanoacrylate (nBCA) for juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (JNA). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective review was performed on patients with JNA who underwent TAE and endoscopic resection between 2020 and 2022. Patients embolized with nBCA were identified, and those embolized with microspheres were set as the control group. Data on demographics, symptoms, tumor characteristics, blood loss, adverse events, residual disease, and recurrence were collected, and case-control analysis was performed for the 2 groups. Differences in characteristics between the groups were tested using the Fisher exact and Wilcoxon tests. A generalized linear model (GLM) was used to analyze the univariate and multivariate influences on blood loss. RESULTS: Twenty patients were included in this study: 13 in the microsphere group and 7 in the nBCA group. The median blood loss was 400 mL (interquartile range [IQR], 200-520 mL) in the nBCA group and 1,000 mL (IQR, 500-1,000 mL) in the microsphere group (P = .028). The GLM confirmed lower blood loss in the nBCA group (relative risk, 0.58 [0.41-0.83]; P = .01). A residual tumor was found in 1 patient in each group (7.7% vs 14.3%; P = 1.000). Recurrence was not observed in any patient. None of the patients experienced adverse events during embolization. CONCLUSIONS: TAE of advanced JNA with nBCA glue is safe and effective and can significantly reduce intraoperative blood loss compared with microspheres.

The postoperative outcomes of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps by sustained released steroid from hyaluronic acid gel.

PURPOSE: The self-crosslinked hyaluronic acid (scHA) and steroids are considered as efficient factors for postoperative management after chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) nasal surgery. This randomized clinical trial is designed to investigate the efficacy and potential of scHA gel as a topical drug sustained release carrier for steroid of budesonide. METHODS: The study is performed with 30 patients of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) who underwent functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS). The single application of scHA was assessed in the control patient group for postoperative recovery. In the treatment patient group, the combination of scHA/budesonide was applied for postoperative management. The patients are followed up in 2 weeks, 4 weeks and 12 weeks after surgery. RESULTS: The combination of scHA/budesonide results in better endoscopic scoring and mucus evaluation than the single scHA application. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that the combination of scHA/budesonide is a valuable treatment for the FESS postoperative management and implies the potential of scHA gel as a topical drug sustained release scaffold.

The Management of Giant Cerviofacial Lymphatic Malformations in Children.

OBJECTIVE: Lymphatic malformations (LMs) are rare and benign diseases. This article aimed to present a series of surgically treated giant cervicofacial LMs in children. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of giant cervicofacial LMs (tumor diameter greater than 10 cm) in children over the past 8 years was performed in our department. RESULTS: The 10 patients included 4 males and 6 females. Macrocystic lesion presented in 4 patients, mixed cystic lesion presented in 4 patients, and microcystic lesion presented in 2 patients. All the patients underwent surgical resection combined with bleomycin sclerotherapy. Despite the wide range of lesions, most patients (7/10, 70%) received only a single treatment, 3 patients had a recurrent lesion. Seven patients experienced complete or almost complete resolution of the disease with an average follow-up time of 26.4 months. CONCLUSIONS: Surgical resection is the preferred method for the treatment of giant LMs, combination of bleomycin sclerotherapy can reduce the recurrence rate. The curative effect of macrocystic disease is relatively enhanced compared with microcystic and mixed cystic diseases.

[The reverse effects of allitridum on sodium current decrease caused by SCN5A-F1473S mutation].

This study was designed to test the allitridum (All) activity in correction of sodium current decrease caused by SCN5A-F1473S mutation in HEK293 cells. The result may provide a theoretical basis for screening of new drugs in the treatment of Brugada syndrome. We transferred SCN5A-F1473S channel plasmids into HEK293 cells in a transient transfection. All was administrated acutely and chronically using extracellular irrigation flow and co-culture model. The concentration of All was 30 µmol·L(-1). We used whole cell patch clamp technique in voltage clamp mode to record current and gating kinetics. In order to explore the rescue function of All on decreased sodium peak current, we used confocal microscopy and Western blot to detect the expression of channel proteins in the cell membrane. We found a significant increase in sodium peak current of the 30 µmol·L(-1) All HEK293 cells (269.8 ± 16.6 pA/pF, P < 0.01), almost closed to the current density of the control group（298.2 ± 17.5 p A/p F, P < 0.01）. All allowed the steady-state inactivation of the channel to move toward a more positive direction (V(1/2, inact) returns to -79.5 ± 2.4 mV, P < 0.01). It also slowed the intermediate state inactivation of the channel (inactivation prolongated to 598.1 ± 22.6 ms, P < 0.01). Meanwhile, All increased distribution and expression of the channel protein in the cell membrane (compared to F1473S, P < 0.01). All caused an increase of current in SCN5A-F1473S mutation cells. We consider that the main mechanism may be related to the reduced channel inactivation by the drug with an improvement of the migration barrier of the mutational channel.

The promising role of miRNAs in radioresistance and chemoresistance of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a malignant epithelial tumor that develops in the nasopharynx. It has a distinct ethnic and geographical distribution, and emerging evidence suggests that it is an ecological disease. Most patients respond well to radiation combined with chemotherapy as the primary treatment for NPC. However, some patients will eventually develop radio resistance and chemoresistance, resulting in recurrence and metastasis, which is a primary cause of poor prognosis. The processes underlying radio resistance and chemoresistance in NPC are complex and unknown. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenic non-coding RNA molecules. They play a role in a variety of cell functions as well as development of disease such as cancer. There has been considerable data demonstrating the existence of numerous aberrant miRNAs in cancer tissues, cells, and biofluids, which indicates the importance of studying the influence of miRNAs on NPC. Therefore, this review comprehensively analyzes the elaborate mechanisms of miRNAs affecting the radio resistance and chemoresistance of NPC. Multiple tumor-specific miRNAs can be employed as therapeutic and prognostic biological indicators.

SP1 mediates OGD/R-induced cardiomyocyte injury via enhancing the transcription of USP46.

BACKGROUND: One of the mechanisms responsible for the high mortality rate of acute myocardial infarction is myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MI-RI). The present study focused on the role and regulatory mechanisms of specificity protein 1 (SP1) and ubiquitin-specific protease 46 (USP46) in oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R)-induced cardiomyocyte injury. METHODS: OGD/R was used to treat cardiomyocytes AC16 to mimic ischemia-reperfusion in vitro. Cell viability, proliferation, and apoptosis were determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine, and flow cytometry assays. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays analyzed the concentrations of TNF-α and IL-1ß. Several protein levels were analyzed by western blotting. The levels of iron (Fe2+), reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde, and the activities of superoxide dismutase were analyzed by commercial kits. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and dual-luciferase report assays assessed the relationship between USP46 and SP1. RESULTS: USP46 and SP1 were upregulated in serum from MI patients and they had a positive correlation. OGD/R stimulation suppressed cardiomyocyte viability and proliferation, as well as induced cardiomyocyte inflammation, oxidative stress (OxS) injury, apoptosis, and ferroptosis, but these effects were impaired by USP46 or SP1 knockdown. SP1 could enhance the transcription of USP46, and USP46 overexpression reversed SP1 silencing-mediated effects on OGD/R-induced cardiomyocytes. SP1 mediated the AMPK signaling via USP46. CONCLUSION: SP1 mediated OGD/R-induced cardiomyocyte inflammation, OxS injury, apoptosis, and ferroptosis by inactivating the AMPK signaling via enhancing the transcription of USP46.

Asymmetric Π-Bridge Engineering Enables High-Permittivity Benzo[1,2-B:4,5-b']Difuran-Conjugated Polymer for Efficient Organic Solar Cells.

Organic solar cells (OSCs) exhibit complex charge dynamics, which are closely correlated with the dielectric constant (ɛr ) of photovoltaic materials. In this work, a series of novel conjugated copolymers based on benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']difuran (BDF) and benzotriazole (BTz) is designed and synthesized, which differ by the nature of π-bridge from one another. The PBDF-TF-BTz with asymmetric furan and thiophene π-bridge demonstrates a larger ɛr of 4.22 than PBDF-dT-BTz with symmetric thiophene π-bridge (3.15) and PBDF-dF-BTz with symmetric furan π-bridge (3.90). The PBDF-TF-BTz also offers more favorable molecular packing and appropriate miscibility with non-fullerene acceptor Y6 than its counterparts. The corresponding PBDF-TF-BTz:Y6 OSCs display efficient exciton dissociation, fast charge transport and collection, and reduced charge recombination, eventually leading to a power conversion efficiency of 17.01%. When introducing a fullerene derivative (PCBO-12) as a third component, the PBDF-TF-BTz:Y6:PCBO-12 OSCs yield a remarkable FF of 80.11% with a high efficiency of 18.10%, the highest value among all reported BDF-polymer-based OSCs. This work provides an effective approach to developing high-permittivity photovoltaic materials, showcasing PBDF-TF-BTz as a promising polymer donor for constructing high-performance OSCs.

[Research progress in the anatomy and surgical approach of the parapharyngeal space].

The parapharyngeal space, a complex fascial compartment within the head and neck region, encompasses crucial anatomical structures including blood vessels and nerves. Tumors occurring within this space are rare, with the majority being benign in nature. Surgical intervention remains the primary treatment modality; however, managing parapharyngeal space tumors poses significant challenges due to their intricate anatomical configuration. Conventional open surgical approaches have been associated with significant tissue damage and a high prevalence of postoperative complications. Recently, advancements in anatomical studies and surgical techniques have led to significant progress in understanding parapharyngeal space anatomy and improving surgical management. This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of these developments.

Dual-Atom Co/Ni Electrocatalyst Anchored at the Surface-Modified Ti3C2Tx MXene Enables Efficient Hydrogen and Oxygen Evolution Reactions.

Dual-atom catalytic sites on conductive substrates offer a promising opportunity for accelerating the kinetics of multistep hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions (HER and OER, respectively). Using MXenes as substrates is a promising strategy for depositing those dual-atom electrocatalysts, if the efficient surface anchoring strategy ensuring metal-substrate interactions and sufficient mass loading is established. We introduce a surface-modification strategy of MXene substrates by preadsorbing L-tryptophan molecules, which enabled attachment of dual-atom Co/Ni electrocatalyst at the surface of Ti3C2Tx by forming N-Co/Ni-O bonds, with mass loading reaching as high as 5.6 wt %. The electron delocalization resulting from terminated O atoms on MXene substrates, N atoms in L-tryptophan anchoring moieties, and catalytic metal atoms Co and Ni provides an optimal adsorption strength of intermediates and boosts the HER and OER kinetics, thereby notably promoting the intrinsic activity of the electrocatalyst. CoNi-Ti3C2Tx electrocatalyst displayed HER and OER overpotentials of 31 and 241 mV at 10 mA cm-2, respectively. Importantly, the CoNi-Ti3C2Tx electrocatalyst also exhibited high operational stability for both OER and HER over 100 h at an industrially relevant current density of 500 mA cm-2. Our study provided guidance for constructing dual-atom active metal sites on MXene substrates to synergistically enhance the electrochemical efficiency and stability of the energy conversion and storage systems.

Flash healing of laser-induced graphene.

The advancement of laser-induced graphene (LIG) technology has streamlined the fabrications of flexible graphene devices. However, the ultrafast kinetics triggered by laser irradiation generates intrinsic amorphous characteristics, leading to high resistivity and compromised performance in electronic devices. Healing graphene defects in specific patterns is technologically challenging by conventional methods. Herein, we report the rapid rectification of LIG's topological defects by flash Joule heating in milliseconds (referred to as F-LIG), whilst preserving its overall structure and porosity. The F-LIG exhibits a decreased ID/IG ratio from 0.84 - 0.33 and increased crystalline domain from Raman analysis, coupled with a 5-fold surge in conductivity. Pair distribution function and atomic-resolution imaging delineate a broader-range order of F-LIG with a shorter C-C bond of 1.425 Å. The improved crystallinity and conductivity of F-LIG with excellent flexibility enables its utilization in high-performance soft electronics and low-voltage disinfections. Notably, our F-LIG/polydimethylsiloxane strain sensor exhibits a gauge factor of 129.3 within 10% strain, which outperforms pristine LIG by 800%, showcasing significant potential for human-machine interfaces.

Nasal Presentations of Rosai-Dorfman Disease: Clinical Manifestation and Treatment Outcomes.

PURPOSE: There has been a lack of evidence-based management strategies on the nasal presentations of Rosai-Dorfman disease (RDD). We aim to investigate the clinical manifestation, treatment, and outcomes in patients with nasal RDD. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed available medical records of patients diagnosed with nasal RDD from 2014 to 2021 at our department. RESULTS: A total of 26 patients were included with a marked female preponderance (2.25:1). The most common symptom and affected sites were nasal congestion (31%) and nasal cavity (73%), respectively. The average times of biopsies was 1.5 times (range: 1-3). The histiocytes were positive about S100 and CD68 and negative for CD1a with common emperipolesis. The mean duration of follow-up was 34 months (range, 3-87). One patient with concomitant nasal small B-cell lymphoma achieved complete remission after chemoradiotherapy. Recommended treatments were endoscopic resection (92%) and oral corticosteroids (21%). Surgery was performed to remove the resectable lesion as completely as possible. Corticosteroids induced almost 100% overall remission. Of the relapses, two patients achieved an overall response and one remained in progressive stage after subsequent excision. Two patients only received dissection biopsy that responded to oral corticosteroid administration and combined therapies of lenalidomide and dexamethasone, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Diffuse lesions in nasal cavity and sinuses, and even widely affected nasal skull base, laryngopharynx, orbit, and cavernous sinus, should be considered the possibility of Rosai-Dorfman disease. Characteristic immunohistochemical staining is helpful for the diagnosis. Endoscopic surgical therapy remains the mainstream treatment for patients enduring an unbearable course. Oral corticosteroid administration serves as an adjuvant therapy for first-line treatments.

The Impact of Endoscopic Endonasal Surgery on Quality of Life in Patients with Malignant Tumors of the Anterior Skull Base: A Prospective Study.

Objective: To investigate the effects of endoscopic endonasal surgery (EES) on longitudinal quality of life (QoL) in patients with malignant tumors of the anterior skull base. Methods: Eligible patients prospectively completed the Anterior Skull Base Surgery Questionnaire (ASBQ) and the 22-item Sino-Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22) questionnaires in referring to 3 different periods throughout their treatment and recovery. Results: Forty patients were included. The median volume coronal maximum length of the tumor was 3.6 cm (95% CI 2.7-4.1cm). Overall QoL significantly worsened at 1 month postoperatively but returned to baseline after 1 year. Unrelieved symptoms in specific domains prompted further evaluation of individual items. Transient worsening of taste (p=0.011) and olfaction (p=0.004) lasted for 1 month but gradually relieved within the first postoperative year, but vision consistently worsened over the course of the treatment (p=0.126). Age>50 years (p<0.001), comorbidities (p<0.001), tumor necrosis (p<0.001) and recurrence (p=0.001) were associated with worse preoperative QoL. Poor long-term QoL was noted in those undergoing adjuvant therapy (p=0.032). Overall ASBQ scores (p=0.024), subdomain scores in specific symptoms (p=0.016), and vision scores (p=0.009) were worse only in patients with the greater coronal maximum diameter at 1-month postoperatively. Greater coronal maximum diameter was related to worse preoperative subdomain scores regarding specific symptoms (p=0.030) and decreased postoperative long-term decreased vision scores (p=0.014). Conclusion: Long-term site-specific and sinonasal QoL eventually stabilized after EES. Greater coronal maximum diameter was significantly associated with worsened vision function. Temporarily worse olfactory, vision, and taste function may be tied to decreased short-term QoL.

Innovative Fudan rT staging in endoscopic surgery for recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: American Joint Committee on Cancer/Union for International Cancer Control (AJCC/UICC) rT staging have great clinical impracticality. The aim of the present study was to establish a new rT staging to guide endoscopic surgery for the treatment of recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma (rNPC). METHODS: This surgical rT staging (named Fudan rT staging) was constructed using two significant risk factors: the distance from the tumor margin to the internal carotid artery, and dural invasion. Log-rank and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were used to evaluate its effectiveness. RESULTS: Fudan rT staging can effectively separate the overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) of patients with rNPC according to the different rT stages (p < 0.05). In addition, ROC analysis showed that the Fudan rT staging exhibited enhanced prognostic value for OS and PFS compared with the AJCC/UICC rT staging. CONCLUSIONS: The innovative Fudan rT staging has a better predictive value for the survival of patients with rNPC than AJCC/UICC rT staging.

Expression and Prognostic Value of Lgr5 in Patients with Recurrent Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma.

Background: As a cancer stem cells (CSCs) surface marker, Lgr5 plays an important role in the signal transduction of cancer cells and is a potential biomarker for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. However, the expression and prognostic value of Lgr5 in recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma (rNPC) remains ambiguous. Materials: We used RNA sequencing to screen differentially expressed mRNAs in eleven specimens of rNPC tissues and five fresh adjacent normal tissue samples and the CSC marker, Lgr5, was identified. The expression level of Lgr5 in rNPC samples was also detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blot assay. The chi-square test was used to analyze the relationship between the clinicopathological variables and the immunostaining of Lgr5. The Log-rank method was used for prognosis analysis. The Cox regression model was used for univariate and multivariate analysis. Results: Significantly elevated expression of Lgr5 in the rNPC tissues was observed compared to the normal tissues using RNA sequencing, Western blot and immunohistochemistry. The expression of Lgr5 was significantly correlated with the T stage (P=0.014). High Lgr5 expression (P=0.007), tumor necrosis (P=0.013) and WHO type II (P=0.043) in rNPC patients exhibited worse overall survival (OS). Lgr5 expression was proved to be an independent risk factor for OS (P=0.035) in multivariate analyses, and had promising predictive value for survival and recurrence in rNPC patients (area under the ROC curve: 0.711 and 0.665, P=0.017 and 0.028, respectively). Conclusion: Lgr5 as a CSC marker is a promising therapeutic target and could be employed to predict the survival prognosis of rNPC patients.

Endoscopic surgery is superior to intensity-modulated radiotherapy in the treatment of advanced recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: The choice between endoscopic surgery and re-radiotherapy as the main treatment modality in patients with advanced recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma (rNPC) remains controversial. Therefore, in this study, we compared the efficacies of endoscopic surgery and intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) in patients with rNPC. METHODS: All patients with advanced rNPC (T3 and T4) who underwent salvage treatment were enrolled from January 2009 to December 2020. Overall survival (OS) was analyzed using a log-rank analysis. Univariate and multivariate analyses of OS were performed using a Cox regression model. Common treatment-related complications of endoscopic surgery were compared with those of IMRT. RESULTS: The numbers of patients with T3 and T4 tumors were 163 (64.2%) and 91 (35.8%), respectively; 192 patients underwent endoscopic surgery, 51 received IMRT, and 11 received three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT). The 3-year OS of patients treated with endoscopic surgery was 59.3%, which was significantly higher than that of patients treated with IMRT (34.7%, p < 0.001) or 3D-CRT (43.6%, p = 0.012). Multivariate analyses showed that IMRT was an independent risk factor for OS compared with endoscopic surgery (hazard ratio, 2.068; 95% confidence interval, 1.395-3.069, p < 0.001). Complications of aural fullness (p = 0.001), nasopharyngeal necrosis (p = 0.004), nasopharyngeal hemorrhage (p = 0.004), dysphagia (p < 0.001), and cerebral infarction (p = 0.030) were significantly lower in the endoscopic surgery group than in the IMRT group. CONCLUSION: Endoscopic surgery may be a more promising salvage treatment than IMRT to maximize survival and minimize treatment-related complications in advanced rNPC. These results will be significant in deciding the optimal treatment for patients with advanced rNPC.

Van der Waals nanomesh electronics on arbitrary surfaces.

Chemical bonds, including covalent and ionic bonds, endow semiconductors with stable electronic configurations but also impose constraints on their synthesis and lattice-mismatched heteroepitaxy. Here, the unique multi-scale van der Waals (vdWs) interactions are explored in one-dimensional tellurium (Te) systems to overcome these restrictions, enabled by the vdWs bonds between Te atomic chains and the spontaneous misfit relaxation at quasi-vdWs interfaces. Wafer-scale Te vdWs nanomeshes composed of self-welding Te nanowires are laterally vapor grown on arbitrary surfaces at a low temperature of 100 °C, bringing greater integration freedoms for enhanced device functionality and broad applicability. The prepared Te vdWs nanomeshes can be patterned at the microscale and exhibit high field-effect hole mobility of 145 cm2/Vs, ultrafast photoresponse below 3 µs in paper-based infrared photodetectors, as well as controllable electronic structure in mixed-dimensional heterojunctions. All these device metrics of Te vdWs nanomesh electronics are promising to meet emerging technological demands.