[Current situations and problem analysis of influencing factors of traditional Chinese medicine tablets on forming quality].

The compressibility of tablets is the essential operating unit during the preparation of traditional Chinese medicine tablets, as well as a complicated process. Therefore, it is of great significance to comprehensively study the influencing factors on the formation process. This paper aimed to review the evaluation methods for the tablet forming quality and highlight the effects of material powder properties, excipients and preparation technology on the quality of traditional Chinese medicine tablets on the basis of relevant literatures. Furthermore, the common problems in tablet forming process are also analyzed to provide useful references for the development of tablet forming quality of traditional Chinese medicines.

Identification of an NDM-5-producing Escherichia coli Sequence Type 167 in a Neonatal Patient in China.

Emergence of New Delhi metallo-ß-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae has become a challenging threat to public health. Two carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli, strain QD28 and QD29, were recovered from the aspirating sputum of a neonate and the urine of an adult in a Chinese hospital in 2013. Molecular typing revealed that both isolates belonged to the sequence type 167, but they were clonally diverse. Both isolates exhibited resistance to carbapenems, cephalosporins, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, piperacillin-tazobactam and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. In addition, strain QD28 was also resistant to aztreonam, and strain QD29 was resistant to amikacin, fosfomycin and minocycline. Antimicrobial resistance gene screening revealed that strain QD28 harbored aac(6')-Ib, blaCTX-M-14, blaNDM-5, blaTEM-1 and sul1 genes, and strain QD29 harbored aac(6')-Ib, blaCTX-M-3, blaNDM-5, blaTEM-1, rmtB, sul1 and sul2 genes. The blaNDM-5 gene was found to be located on a 46-kb plasmid in two isolates, and further sequence analysis showed that this plasmid was highly similar to the previously reported IncX3 plasmid pNDM-MGR194 in India. This is the first identification of blaNDM-5-carrying E. coli in the neonatal infection.

Coexistence of SFO-1 and NDM-1 ß-lactamase genes and fosfomycin resistance gene fosA3 in an Escherichia coli clinical isolate.

This study aims to characterize antimicrobial resistance and antimicrobial resistance genetic determinants of an Escherichia coli clinical isolate HD0149 from China in 2012. This strain displayed high-level resistance to cephalosporins, carbapenems, fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides and fosfomycin. A range of antimicrobial resistance genes was detected responsible for its multiple antimicrobial resistances, involving the blaCMY-2, blaCTX-M-65, blaNDM-1, blaSFO-1, blaTEM-1, fosA3, rmtB, sul1 and sul2 genes. Four amino acid substitutions were detected in the quinolone resistance-determining regions (QRDRs) of GyrA (S83L and D87N), ParC (S80I) and ParE (S458A). Conjugation experiments revealed two multiresistance plasmids present in E. coli HD0149. The blaSFO-1 gene associated with blaNDM-1 gene was located in a 190 kb IncA/C plasmid and the blaCTX-M-65, fosA3 and rmtB genes were located in a 110 kb IncF plasmid. This is the first identification of the blaSFO-1 gene in an E. coli isolate and on a conjugative IncA/C plasmid. This may dramatically enhance the international prevalence and dissemination of blaSFO-1 among Enterobacteriaceae.