Temperature-dependent electroluminescence of red high-In-content MQWs of dual-wavelength micro-LED.

Temperature-dependent electroluminescence (TDEL) measurements have been employed to investigate the carrier transport and recombination processes of InGaN red micro-LED based on dual-wavelength InGaN/GaN MQWs structure. EL peak energy and carrier transport of the red micro-LED both show temperature dependence, due to temperature-induced changes in defect activation. In addition, the current density at which the blue peak of the low-In-content appears in the EL spectrum varies with temperature. As the temperature increases, the blue peak of the low In component tends to appear at higher current densities, which may be attributed to the increase in thermally activated defects hindering the injection of holes into the low-In-content MQWs further away from p-GaN. Furthermore, the IQEs of the high-In-content MQWs are estimated from the TDEL method and then reveal the temperature-dependent efficiency droop. The IQE decreases as temperature increases, particularly above 50 K, where it drops sharply due to temperature-dependent nonradiative recombination. And the two different variation trends in IQE of MQWs with high and low In content reveal a competitive mechanism in carrier distribution, implying that more escaping holes from high-In-content MQWs will further reduce red emission efficiency but enhance carrier injection and blue emission in low-In-content MQWs.

Sex-dependent associations of serum BDNF, glycolipid metabolism and cognitive impairments in Parkinson's disease with depression: a comprehensive analysis.

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and glycolipid metabolism have been implicated in cognitive impairments and depression among Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the role of sex differences in this relationship remains elusive. This study aimed to investigate the potential sex differences in the link between serum BDNF levels, glycolipid metabolism and cognitive performance among depressive PD patients. PD patients comprising 108 individuals with depression and 108 without depression were recruited for this study. Cognitive function was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Beijing version (MOCA-BJ). The severity of depressive symptoms was assessed using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD-17), while motor symptoms were evaluated using the Revised Hoehn and Yahr rating scale (H-Y) and the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale Part III (UPDRS-III). Laboratory testing and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) are used to measure serum levels of glycolipid metabolism and BDNF. Females showed superior performance in delayed recall (all p < 0.05), male PD patients exhibited higher scores in naming tasks compared to females in non-depression group. There was no sex differences in serum BDNF levels between depression and non-depression groups. Liner regression analysis indicated BDNF as an independent risk factor for language deficits in male PD patients with depression (p < 0.05), while cholesterol (CHOL) emerged as a cognitive influencing factor, particularly in delayed recall among male PD patients with depression (p < 0.05). Our study reveals extensive cognitive impairments in PD patients with depression. Moreover, BDNF and CHOL may contribute to the pathological mechanisms underlying cognitive deficits, particularly in male patients with depression.

Autophagy markers, cognitive deficits and depressive symptoms in Parkinson's disease.

Depressive symptoms are common in Parkinson's disease (PD). The relationships between autophagy and PD or depression have been documented. However, no studies explored the role of autophagy markers associated with depressive symptoms in PD. Our study aimed to investigate the relationships between autophagy markers, cognitive impairments and depressive symptoms in PD patients. A total of 163 PD patients aged 50-80 years were recruited. Plasma concentrations of autophagy markers (LC3-I, LC3-II and p62/SQSTM1) and glycolipid parameters were measured. Depressive symptoms, cognitive impairments, and motor function were assessed using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale-17 (HAMD-17), the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), and the Movement Disorders Society Unified Parkinson's Rating Scale Part III (MDS-UPDRS-III), respectively. There were no significant differences between depressed and non-depressed PD patients for LC3-I, LC3-II, LC3-II/LC3-I and p62/SQSTM1. After controlling confounding variables, LC3-II/LC3-I showed an independent relationship with depressive symptoms in PD patients (Beta = 10.082, t = 2.483, p = 0.014). Moreover, in depressive PD patients, p62/SQSTM1 was associated with MoCA score (Beta = - 0.002, t = - 2.380, p = 0.020); Further, p62/SQSTM1 was related to naming ability; in addition, p62/SQSTM1 was independently associated with delayed recall (Beta = - 0.001, t = - 2.452, p = 0.017). LC3-II/LC3-I was related to depressive symptoms in PD patients. In depressive PD patients, p62/SQSTM1 was associated with cognitive function, especially naming ability and delayed recall.

Improvements of the modulation bandwidth and data rate of green-emitting CsPbBr3 perovskite quantum dots for Gbps visible light communication.

CsPbBr3 perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) as promising color conversion materials have been widely used in display and visible light communication (VLC), but most CsPbBr3 PQDs for VLC are randomly selected without optimization. Thereby the exploration of fundamental experimental parameters of QDs is essential to better employ their performance advantages. Herein, we investigated the concentration and solvent effects on photoluminescence (PL) properties and communication performance of CsPbBr3 PQDs. The PL, time-resolved PL characterization and communication measurements of CsPbBr3 PQDs all exhibit concentration dependence, suggesting that there exists an optimum concentration to take advantages of performance merits. CsPbBr3 PQDs with a concentration of 0.5 mg/ml show the shortest carrier lifetime and achieve the highest -3 dB bandwidth (168.03 MHz) as well as the highest data rate (660 Mbps) comparing to other concentrations. And in terms of the optimal concentration, we further explored the approach to improve the communication performance, investigating the effect of polarity solvent on the communication performance of CsPbBr3 PQDs. Original 0.5 mg/ml CsPbBr3 PQDs (1 ml) with 55 µL ethanol added in obtain a higher -3 dB bandwidth of 363.68 MHz improved by ∼116.4% and a record data rate of 1.25 Gbps improved by ∼89.4% but weaker PL emission due to energy transfer. The energy transfer assisted improvement may open up a promising avenue to improve the communication performance of QDs, but more feasible energy transfer path needs to be explored to ensure the stability of QDs.

Sex- and age-specific prevalence and risk factors of depressive symptoms in Parkinson's disease.

Although depressive symptoms are common in PD, few studies investigated sex and age differences in depressive symptoms. Our study aimed to explore the sex and age differences in the clinical correlates of depressive symptoms in patients with PD. 210 PD patients aged 50-80 were recruited. Levels of glucose and lipid profiles were measured. The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale-17 (HAMD-17), the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and the Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale Part III (MDS-UPDRS-III) assessed depressive symptom, cognition and motor function, respectively. Male depressive PD participants had higher fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels. Regarding the 50-59 years group, depressive patients had higher TG levels. Moreover, there were sex and age differences in the factors associated with severity of depressive symptoms. In male PD patients, FPG was an independent contributor to HAMD-17 (Beta = 0.412, t = 4.118, p < 0.001), and UPDRS-III score was still associated with HAMD-17 in female patients after controlling for confounding factors (Beta = 0.304, t = 2.961, p = 0.004). Regarding the different age groups, UPDRS-III (Beta = 0.426, t = 2.986, p = 0.005) and TG (Beta = 0.366, t = 2.561, p = 0.015) were independent contributors to HAMD-17 in PD patients aged 50-59. Furthermore, non-depressive PD patients demonstrated better performance with respect to visuospatial/executive function among the 70-80 years group. These findings suggest that sex and age are crucial non-specific factors to consider when assessing the relationship between glycolipid metabolism, PD-specific factors and depression.

Negative symptoms and neurocognition in drug-naïve schizophrenia: moderating role of plasma neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and interferon-gamma (INF-γ).

Previous studies reported that peripheral inflammation was associated with cognitive performance and brain structure in schizophrenia. However, the moderating effect of inflammation has not been extensively studied. This study investigated whether inflammation markers moderated the association between negative symptoms and neurocognition in schizophrenia. This cross-sectional study included 137 drug-naïve schizophrenia patients (DNS) and 67 healthy controls (HC). We performed the Measurements and Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia (MATRICS) Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) for cognitive assessment and the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) for psychiatric symptoms. Plasma concentrations of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) were measured. The MCCB neurocognition score, social cognition score, and total score; the plasma concentrations of NGAL, IFN-γ, and NF-κB were significantly decreased in DNS than in HC (all P's < 0.001). PANSS negative subscale (PNS), PANSS reduced expressive subdomain (RES) negatively correlated with neurocognition score (P = 0.007; P = 0.011, respectively). Plasma concentrations of IFN-γ and NGAL positively correlated with neurocognition score (P = 0.043; P = 0.008, relatively). The interactions of PNS × NGAL; PNS × IFN-γ; RES × IFN-γ accounted for significant neurocognition variance (P = 0.025; P = 0.029, P = 0.007, respectively). Simple slope analysis showed that all the above moderating effects only occurred in patients with near normal IFN-γ and NGAL levels. Plasma concentrations of IFN-γ and NGAL moderated the relationship between negative symptoms (especially RES) and neurocognition in schizophrenia. Treatment targeting inflammation may contribute to neurocognition improvement in schizophrenia.

[An optical parameter imaging system with profile information fusion].

There is a shared problem in current optical imaging technologies of how to obtain the optical parameters of biological tissues with complex profiles. In this work, an imaging system for obtaining the optical parameters of biological tissues with complex profile was presented. Firstly, Fourier transformation profilometry was used for obtaining the profile information of biological tissues, and then the difference of incident light intensity at different positions on biological tissue surface was corrected with the laws of illumination, and lastly the optical parameters of biological tissues were achieved with the spatial frequency domain imaging technique. Experimental results indicated the proposed imaging system could obtain the profile information and the optical parameters of biological tissues accurately and quickly. For the slab phantoms with height variation less than 30 mm and angle variation less than 40º, the maximum relative errors of the profile uncorrected optical parameters were 46.27% and 72.18%, while the maximum relative errors of the profile corrected optical parameters were 6.89% and 10.26%. Imaging experiments of a face-like phantom and a human's prefrontal lobe were performed respectively, which demonstrated the proposed imaging system possesses clinical application value for the achievement of the optical parameters of biological tissues with complex profiles. Besides, the proposed profile corrected method can be used to combine with the current optical imaging technologies to reduce the influence of the profile information of biological tissues on imaging quality.

Association of cytokines levels, psychopathology and cognition among CR-TRS patients with metabolic syndrome.

Clozapine-resistant treatment-refractory schizophrenia (CR-TRS) patients face significant clinical challenges. While links between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and inflammatory cytokines in schizophrenia have been established, the relationship between MetS and cytokine levels in CR-TRS patients remains unexplored. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between cytokines levels, clinical symptoms and cognitive impairments in CR-TRS patients, both with and without MetS. The study included 69 CR-TRS patients (31with MetS and 38 without MetS) and 84 healthy controls. The levels of IL-2, IL-6, TNF-α and routine biochemical parameters were measured. Psychopathological symptoms and cognitive function were assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS), respectively. We found that CR-TRS patients with MetS displayed lower cognitive function scores compared to those without MetS, even when accounting for potential confounders. TNF-α levels were significantly higher in CRTRS patients with MetS compared to those without MetS, demonstrating substantial pathophysiological potential for CR-TRS patients with MetS via receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC). In CR-TRS patients without MetS, IL-2 independently contributed to the total score and general psychopathology subscore of PANSS. Additionally, IL-6 exhibited an independent contribution to the positive subscore of PANSS. In terms of cognition function, IL-6 independently contributed to the delayed memory of RBANS in CR-TRS patients without MetS. TNF-α could potentially serve as a predictive marker for distinguishing between CR-TRS patients with/without MetS, while IL-2 and IL-6 could independently contribute to psychopathological symptoms or cognitive function in CRTRS patients without MetS. Our study provided insights into the potential interplay between cytokines, clinical symptoms and cognitive impairments in CR-TRS patients with/without MetS.

Simulated nitrogen load promoted mineralization of N2P1 compounds and accumulation of N4S2 compounds in soil dissolved organic matter in a typical subtropical estuarine marsh.

Soil dissolved organic matter (DOM) is the most reactive pool in estuarine marshes, playing an important role in the biogeochemical processes of biogenetic elements. To investigate the impacts of enhanced nitrogen (N) load on DOM molecular composition and its interactions with microbes in typical Cyperus malaccensis mashes of the Min River estuary, a field N load experiment with four N levels (0, 37.50, 50 and 100 g exogenous N m-2 yr-1, respectively; applied monthly for a total of seven months) was performed. DOM molecular composition was characterized by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS), the microbial community compositions (MCC, including fungi and bacteria) were determined by high-throughput sequencing technique, and their relationships were presented by co-occurrence network analysis. The results indicated that enhanced N load had significant impacts on soil DOM molecular composition, with N/C and P/C of DOM decreasing but S/C increasing markedly. Meanwhile, enhanced N load decreased the percentages of N2P1 compounds (primarily lipids) but increased those of N4S2 compounds (mainly lignins and lipids). The relative abundances of lignins significantly increased with increasing N load levels, whereas the proportions of lipids decreased. The abundance of N2P1 and N4S2 compounds was primarily positively correlated with eutrophic and oligotrophic microorganisms, respectively. Therefore, mineralization of N2P1 compounds might act as a source to replenish inorganic P, while enrichment of N4S2 compounds may make great contribution to organic S accumulation. Overall, enhanced N load promoted P depletion and S enrichment via altering plant growth, litter decomposition and MCC.

Associations between Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) polymorphisms and cognitive impairments, psychiatric symptoms and tardive dyskinesia in schizophrenia.

INTRODUCTION: Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) is a crucial enzyme involved in dopamine metabolism and has been implicated in the etiology of tardive dyskinesia (TD). We aimed to investigate the associations between COMT gene polymorphisms and the occurrence and severity of TD in a Chinese population, as well as the impact on the psychiatric symptoms and cognitive impairments observed in TD patients. METHODS: A total of 216 chronic schizophrenia patients, including 59 TD patients and 157 NTD patients, were recruited for this study. Three SNPs of the COMT gene (rs4680, rs165599 and rs4818) were selected and genotyped using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). TD severity, psychopathology and cognitive functioning were assessed using the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS), the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and the Repeated Battery for Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS), respectively. RESULTS: In TD patients, total AIMs scores were higher in carriers of the rs4680 AA genotype than in carriers of the AG and GG genotypes (p = 0.01, 0.006), carriers of the rs4818 GC and CC genotypes had higher orofacial scores than in GG genotypes (p = 0.032, 0.002). In male TD patients, carriers of the rs165599 GA genotype scored lower in the extremities and trunk scores than AA genotype carriers (p = 0.015). Moreover, in male TD patients, COMT rs4818 was associated with cognition, since the C allele carriers had significantly higher immediate memory (p = 0.043) and verbal function (p = 0.040) scores than the G allele carriers. In addition, rs165599 genotype interacted with TD diagnosis on depressed factor (p = 0.031). CONCLUSION: Within the Chinese population, COMT gene polymorphisms could potentially serve as biomarkers for the symptoms and prognosis of TD patients.

Coordinated Lipid Mobilization during Seed Development and Germination in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.).

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is one of the most important oil crops in the world due to its lipid-rich seeds. Lipid accumulation and degradation play crucial roles in peanut seed maturation and seedling establishment, respectively. Here, we utilized lipidomics and transcriptomics to comprehensively identify lipids and the associated functional genes that are important in the development and germination processes of a large-seed peanut variety. A total of 332 lipids were identified; triacylglycerols (TAGs) and diacylglycerols were the most abundant during seed maturation, constituting 70.43 and 16.11%, respectively, of the total lipids. Significant alterations in lipid profiles were observed throughout seed maturation and germination. Notably, TAG (18:1/18:1/18:2) and (18:1/18:2/18:2) peaked at 23386.63 and 23392.43 nmol/g, respectively, at the final stage of seed development. Levels of hydroxylated TAGs (HO-TAGs) increased significantly during the initial stage of germination. Accumulation patterns revealed an inverse relationship between free fatty acids and TAGs. Lipid degradation was determined to be regulated by diacylglycerol acyltransferase, triacylglycerol lipase, and associated transcription factors, predominantly yielding oleic acid, linoleic acid, and linolenic acid. Collectively, the results of this study provide valuable insights into lipid dynamics during the development and germination of large-seed peanuts, gene resources, and guiding future research into lipid accumulation in an economically important crop.

Nitrogen-Rich Conjugated Microporous Polymers with Improved Cobalt(II) Density for Highly Efficient Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution.

Developing efficient oxygen evolution catalysts (OECs) made from earth-abundant elements is extremely important since the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) with sluggish kinetics hinders the development of many energy-related electrochemical devices. Herein, an efficient strategy is developed to prepare conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) with abundant and uniform coordination sites by coupling the N-rich organic monomer 2,4,6-tris(5-bromopyrimidin-2-yl)-1,3,5-triazine (TBPT) with Co(II) porphyrin. The resulting CMP-Py(Co) is further metallized with Co2+ ions to obtain CMP-Py(Co)@Co. Structural characterization results reveal that CMP-Py(Co)@Co has higher Co2+ content (12.20 wt %) and affinity toward water compared with CMP-Py(Co). Moreover, CMP-Py(Co)@Co exhibits an excellent OER activity with a low overpotential of 285 mV vs RHE at 10 mA cm-2 and a Tafel slope of 80.1 mV dec-1, which are significantly lower than those of CMP-Py(Co) (335 mV vs RHE and 96.8 mV dec-1). More interestingly, CMP-Py(Co)@Co outperforms most reported porous organic polymer-based OECs and the benchmark RuO2 catalyst (320 mV vs RHE and 87.6 mV dec-1). Additionally, Co2+-free CMP-Py(2H) has negligible OER activity. Thereby, the enhanced OER activity of CMP-Py(Co)@Co is attributed to the incorporation of Co2+ ions leading to rich active sites and enlarged electrochemical surface areas. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that Co2+-TBPT sites have higher activity than Co2+-porphyrin sites for the OER. These results indicate that the introduction of rich active metal sites in stable and conductive CMPs could provide novel guidance for designing efficient OECs.

Complete genome sequence of T4-Like Escherichia coli bacteriophage HX01.

Phage T4 is among the best-characterized biological systems (S. Kanamaru and F. Arisaka, Seikagaku 74:131-135, 2002; E. S. Miller et al., Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 67:86-156, 2003; W. B. Wood and H. R. Revel, Bacteriol. Rev. 40:847-868, 1976). To date, several genomes of T4-like bacteriophages are available in public databases but without any APEC bacteriophages (H. Jiang et al., Arch. Virol. 156:1489-1492, 2011; L. Kaliniene, V. Klausa, A. Zajanckauskaite, R. Nivinskas, and L. Truncaite, Arch. Virol. 156:1913-1916, 2011; J. H. Kim et al., Vet. Microbiol. 157:164-171, 2012; W. C. Liao et al., J. Virol. 85:6567-6578, 2011). We isolated a bacteriophage from a duck factory, named HX01, that infects avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC). Sequence and morphological analyses revealed that phage HX01 is a T4-like bacteriophage and belongs to the family Myoviridae. Here, we announce the complete genome sequence of phage HX01 and report the results of our analysis.

Complete genome sequence of the novel lytic avian pathogenic coliphage NJ01.

Bacteriophages of the C3 morphotype, characterized by very long heads that exceed their width several times, are extremely rare among the Podoviridae family members and constitute only 0.5% of over 5,500 phages that have been examined by the electron microscope (H. W. Ackermann, Arch. Virol. 152:227-243, 2007; H. W. Ackermann, Arch. Virol. 146:843-857, 2001). To date, among those phages proven to be C3, only coliphage phiEco32, Lactococcus phage KSY1, Vibrio phage 71A-6, and Salmonella enterica phage 7-11, but no avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) bacteriophages, have been completely sequenced (A. Chopin, H. Deveau, S. D. Ehrlich, S. Moineau, and M. C. Chopin, Virology 365:1-9, 2007; S. A. Khan, et al., Mol. Cell Probes 15:61-69, 2001; A. M. Kropinski, E. J. Lingohr, H. W. Ackermann, Arch. Virol. 156:149-151, 2011; D. Savalia, et al., J. Mol. Biol. 377:774-789, 2008) and are available in public databases. We isolated a bacteriophage from a scale duck market in Nanjing, Jiangsu province, named NJ01, that infects APEC. Sequence and morphological analyses revealed that phage NJ01 is a C3-like bacteriophage and belongs to the Podoviridae family. Here, we announce the complete genome sequence of phage NJ01 and submit the results of our analysis.

Effects of Installing Different Types of Cooling Fins on the Cold Side of a Thermoelectric Power Generation Device on the Thermal Efficiency and Exergy Efficiency of Power Cable Surface Waste Heat Recovery.

This study investigates the thermal efficiency and exergy efficiency of a thermoelectric power generation device for recovering power cable surface waste heat. Numerical simulations are conducted to analyze the impact of different types of cooling fins on the system's performance. The results demonstrate that the installation of cooling fins improves heat transfer efficiency and enhances the thermoelectric power generation device's output power. Among the various fin designs, the system equipped with cooling fins with 17 teeth exhibits the highest performance. These findings highlight the importance of fin design in optimizing the system's thermal efficiency and exergy efficiency. This study provides valuable insights for the development and improvement of thermoelectric power generation systems for power cable surface waste heat recovery applications.

Sex differences in the prevalence and clinical correlates of diabetes in Chinese patients with chronic schizophrenia.

Sex differences have been noted in schizophrenia (SCZ) and diabetes mellitus (DM); however, the effect of sex on SCZ patients with DM remains unknown. We aimed to investigate sex differences in the prevalence, demographic and clinical correlates of DM in Chinese patients with chronic SCZ. A total of 988 Han Chinese SCZ patients (male/female: 638/350) were recruited from two psychiatric hospitals in China. We used the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) to evaluate the psychopathological symptoms of the patients. In addition, serum glucose and lipid levels were assayed. The prevalence of DM in female patients (57/350, 16.29%) was higher than that in male patients (79/638, 12.38%). Binary logistic regression analyses confirmed that the prevalence of DM in female patients was higher than that in male patients (P < 0.001, OR = 4.62, 95% CI = 2.11-10.11). Moreover, female patients had significantly higher positive symptoms than male patients (P = 0.003, OR = 1.08, 95% CI = 1.03-1.14). Further, higher body mass index (BMI) and higher triglyceride (TG) were significantly associated with DM in men (both P < 0.05). Decreased high density lipoprotein (HDL) was significantly associated with DM in both male and female patients (both P < 0.01). Comorbid DM is more common in female SCZ patients, and there are sex-specific correlates of DM in SCZ.

Associations between polymorphisms in the cannabinoid receptor 1 gene, cognitive impairments and tardive dyskinesia in a Chinese population with schizophrenia.

OBJECTIVE: Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is a medically induced movement disorder that occurs as a result of long-term use of antipsychotic medications, commonly seen in patients with schizophrenia (SCZ). The study aimed to investigate the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the CNR1 gene, TD and cognitive impairments in a Chinese population with SCZ. METHODS: A total of 216 SCZ patients were recruited. The participants were divided into TD and without TD (WTD) groups using the Schooler-Kane International Diagnostic Criteria. The severity of TD was assessed using the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS). Cognitive function was assessed using the Repeatable Battery for Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) scale. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium tests, chained disequilibrium analyses and haplotype analyses were performed using SHE-sis software. To explore the main effects of TD diagnosis, genotype and cognitive function, as well as interaction effects, analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was employed. RESULTS: The prevalence of TD was approximately 27.3%. Significant differences were observed in the rs806368 CT genotype and rs806370 TC genotype within the hypercongenic pattern between the male TD and WTD groups (OR = 2.508, 95% CI: 1.055-5.961, p = 0.037; OR = 2.552, 95% CI: 1.073-6.069, p = 0.034). Among TD patients, those carrying the rs806368 CC genotype exhibited higher limb trunk scores (p < 0.05). Moreover, there was a statistically significant difference in visuospatial/construction between the TD and WTD groups (p = 0.04), and a borderline significant difference in visuospatial/construction when considering the interaction between TD diagnosis and genotype at the rs806368 locus (p = 0.05). CONCLUSION: CNR1 rs806368 and rs806370 polymorphisms may play a role in TD susceptibility. Additionally, CNR1 gene polymorphisms were associated with the severity of involuntary movements and cognitive impairments in TD patients.

Genetic Susceptibility to Tardive Dyskinesia and Cognitive Impairments in Chinese Han Schizophrenia: Role of Oxidative Stress-Related and Adenosine Receptor Genes.

Objective: Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is a severe rhythmic movement disorder caused by long-term antipsychotic medication in chronic patients with schizophrenia (SCZ). We aimed to investigate the association between polymorphisms in oxidative stress-related genes (GSTM1, SOD2, NOS1, and NOS3) and adenosine receptor gene (ADORA2A), as well as their interactions, with the occurrence and severity of TD, and cognitive impairments in a Chinese Han population of SCZ patients. Methods: Two hundred and sixteen SCZ patients were recruited and divided into TD group (n=157) and non-TD group (n=59). DNA extraction was performed by a high-salt method, followed by SNP genotyping using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). The severity of TD, psychopathology and cognitive functioning were assessed using the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS), the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and the Repeated Battery for Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS), respectively. Results: The combination of GSTM1-rs738491, NOS1-rs738409 and ADORA2A-rs229883 was identified as the best three-point model to predict TD occurrence (p=0.01). Additionally, GSTM-rs738491 CC or NOS3-rs1800779 AG genotypes may be protective factors for psychiatric symptoms in TD patients. TD patients carrying the NOS1-rs738409 AG or ADORA2A-rs229883 TT genotypes exhibited poorer cognitive performance. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the interaction of oxidative stress-related genes and adenosine receptor gene may play a role in the susceptibility and severity of TD in Chinese Han SCZ patient. Furthermore, these genes may also affect the psychiatric symptoms and cognitive function of TD patients.

Green Recycling Supplier Selection of Shared Bicycles: Interval-Valued Pythagorean Fuzzy Hybrid Weighted Methods Based on Self-Confidence Level.

In the face of practical problems such as the increasing demand for shared bicycles and the number of faulty vehicles which are hard to handle and repair in time, shared bicycles operators tend to outsource recycling services to suppliers. To solve the problem of recycling supplier selection, this paper constructs a novel evaluation index system involving the three traditional dimensions and introduces an interval-valued Pythagorean fuzzy (IVPF) hybrid weighted decision-making model based on the self-confidence level. Subsequently, the self-confidence IVPF hybrid weighted average geometric operator and self-confidence IVPF ordered hybrid weighted average geometric operator are proposed by integrating the self-confidence level of experts, the superiority of the weighted and geometric average rules. The significant merit of the developed operators is that they can incorporate the self-confidence level of the expert as well as effectively combine the characteristics of the weighted and geometric average mechanism. A multi-attribute decision-making (MADM) framework is then constructed by using the proposed aggregation approach. Finally, on the basis of the established evaluation index system, a case concerning the green recycling supplier selection of shared bicycles is applied to display the superiority and practicability of the presented method.

Spatial variation and ecological risk assessment for heavy metals in marsh sediments in Fuzhou reach of the Min River, Southeast China.

To explore the pollution levels, sources and risks of heavy metals in sediments in Fuzhou reach of the Min River, the sediments involving in seven marsh types were sampled. Results showed that the concentrations of Pb, Zn and Cd in sediments declined from freshwater segment to estuarine segment. Higher levels of Cu, Cr and Ni in sediments generally occurred in estuarine segment. The highest levels of Pb and Cd were observed in bush swamp, while those of Cr, Ni, Zn and Cu occurred in mudflat. Cr, Cu, Zn and Ni probably shared common source, while Pb and Cd originated from another source. Pb and Cd were identified as heavy metals of primary concerns and the former showed high potential toxicity and high contributions to ΣTUs. Next step, the metal pollutions in sediments might be more serious if effective measures were not taken to control the loading of pollutants.