Retrospective charts for reporting, analysing, and evaluating disaster emergency response: a systematic review.

OBJECTIVE: Given the frequency of disasters worldwide, there is growing demand for efficient and effective emergency responses. One challenge is to design suitable retrospective charts to enable knowledge to be gained from disasters. This study provides comprehensive understanding of published retrospective chart review templates for designing and updating retrospective research. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review and text analysis of peer-reviewed articles and grey literature on retrospective chart review templates for reporting, analysing, and evaluating emergency responses. The search was performed on PubMed, Cochrane, and Web of Science and pre-identified government and non-government organizational and professional association websites to find papers published before July 1, 2022. Items and categories were grouped and organised using visual text analysis. The study is registered in PROSPERO (374,928). RESULTS: Four index groups, 12 guidelines, and 14 report formats (or data collection templates) from 21 peer-reviewed articles and 9 grey literature papers were eligible. Retrospective tools were generally designed based on group consensus. One guideline and one report format were designed for the entire health system, 23 studies focused on emergency systems, while the others focused on hospitals. Five papers focused specific incident types, including chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, mass burning, and mass paediatric casualties. Ten papers stated the location where the tools were used. The text analysis included 123 categories and 1210 specific items; large heterogeneity was observed. CONCLUSION: Existing retrospective chart review templates for emergency response are heterogeneous, varying in type, hierarchy, and theoretical basis. The design of comprehensive, standard, and practicable retrospective charts requires an emergency response paradigm, baseline for outcomes, robust information acquisition, and among-region cooperation.

Ultrafast Formation of Charge Transfer Trions at Molecular-Functionalized 2D MoS2 Interfaces.

In this work, we investigate trion dynamics occurring at the heterojunction between organometallic molecules and a monolayer transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) with transient electronic sum frequency generation (tr-ESFG) spectroscopy. By pumping at 2.4 eV with laser pulses, we have observed an ultrafast hole transfer, succeeded by the emergence of charge-transfer trions. This observation is facilitated by the cancellation of ground state bleach and stimulated emission signals due to their opposite phases, making tr-ESFG especially sensitive to the trion formation dynamics. The presence of charge-transfer trion at molecular functionalized TMD monolayers suggests the potential for engineering the local electronic structures and dynamics of specific locations on TMDs and offers a potential for transferring unique electronic attributes of TMD to the molecular layers.

CXCL3 overexpression affects the malignant behavior of oral squamous cell carcinoma cells via the MAPK signaling pathway.

OBJECTIVE: CXCL3, a member of the chemokine family, plays a key role in angiogenesis, tumorigenesis, and cell invasion and migration. However, the role of CXCL3 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remains unclear. The purpose of this study is to explore the expression of CXCL3 in OSCC and to explore the role of CXCL3 in human OSCC HSC-4 cells and its molecular mechanism. METHODS: The expression of CXCL3 in human OSCC tissues was assessed using immunohistochemistry and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. In vivo and in vitro experiments investigated the effects of CXCL3 on the proliferation, migration, and invasion of OSCC cells. RESULTS: The expression of CXCL3 in tumors is higher than that in normal tissues and is closely related to stage and lymph node metastasis. In vitro experiments showed that the proliferation and migration ability of HSC-4 cells treated with exogenous recombinant human CXCL3 and HSC-4 cells overexpressing CXCL3 were enhanced. Experiments on xenografts in nude mice showed that overexpression of CXCL3 promotes tumor growth in vivo. GSEA showed that patients with high expression of CXCL3 have varying degrees of enrichment in cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, apoptosis, Jak-STAT signaling pathway, and MAPK signaling pathway. Subsequent mechanism studies showed that the use of ERK1/2 blocker PD98059 can attenuate the proliferation and migration effects induced by CXCL3. CONCLUSION: CXCL3 is involved in the occurrence of OSCC and may become a potential therapeutic target.

Full-Duplex Multi-Hop Wireless Networks Optimization with Successive Interference Cancellation.

In wireless network communication, in-band full-duplex technique is a useful and important technique that can enlarge the whole throughput of the wireless networks. However, its use needs harsh environment. The successive interference cancellation can make several transmitters' data be received simultaneously by the receiver, and can make the in-band full-duplex technique be used easily in reality. In this paper, we try to propose an optimal algorithm for increasing the throughput of full-duplex multi-hop wireless networks with successive interference cancellation, which we call the full-duplex successive interference cancellation (FD-SIC) wireless networks. We first describe the mathematical model for the FD-SIC wireless networks and show it is NP-hard in general. Then, we propose a heuristic algorithm, namely the use-up-link-capacity iterative (UULC-iterative) algorithm, for each node's routing and transmitting scheme. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm for FD-SIC wireless networks can achieve better throughput compared with SIC-only networks and the interference avoidance networks.

On-line screening and verification of haptens in Xiangdan injection combining chemical analysis with activity detection.

Xiangdan injection (XDI), as a well-known traditional Chinese medicine injection, is of great significance to treat cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. The haptens causing allergic reactions are urged to be detected due to the adverse reaction. In this study, an efficient approach was established to rapidly identify and screen potential haptens in XDI for the first time by combining high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector-electrospray ionization-ion trap-time of flight-mass spectrometry with human serum albumin-fluorescence detector (HPLC-DAD-ESI-IT-TOF-MS-HSA-FLD). 21 compounds were identified according to their mass spectrum or comparison with reference substances and 8 salvianolic acids in XDI showed interactions with HSA in varying degrees. After that, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) was applied to screen the compounds showing specific affinity with human serum albumin (HSA). Subsequently, active systemic anaphylaxis (ASA) in guinea pigs was carried out to verify the sensitization of active compounds, In the meantime the serum IgE level before and after challenge was measured by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Ultimately, it was tested that salvianolic acid C had a strong sensitization, in addition, lithospermic acid, rosmarinic acid and salvianolic acid B had potential sensitization. This study suggest that the on-line method provides rapid preliminary searching for haptens in XDI, combined with SPR and ASA, offering an efficient, rapid and comprehensive approach to screen haptens.

The complete mitochondrial genome of sea slug phyllidia elegans bergh, 1869 (nudibranchia, phyllidiidae) from the South China sea.

In this study, the complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) sequence of sea slug, Phyllidia elegans Bergh, 1869 (Nudibranchia, Phyllidiidae), was sequenced and characterized. The assembled mitogenome was 14618 bp in length, including 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), two ribosomal RNA genes, and 22 transfer RNA genes. The overall base composition of P. elegans mitogenome is 32.1% for A, 13.5% for C, 15.7% for G, and 38.7% for T. The gene order was identical to other Phyllidiid species. Phylogenetic analysis placed P. elegans and Phyllidia oecllata in one clade.

Coupling water cycle processes with water demand routes of vegetation using a cascade causal modeling approach in arid inland basins.

Vegetation degradation is the key cause of land desertification in arid areas. Water stress is one of the most critical factors leading to vegetation degradation. The water needed for vegetation growth is inseparable from the water cycle processes. It is a new scope to reveal the vegetation water demand mechanisms from the water cycle processes. Water cycle processes in arid inland basins can be conceptually separated as RFA (runoff formation area) and RCA (runoff consumption area). In this study, both the water demand mechanisms of natural vegetation and farmland were discovered by creatively constructing the vegetation water demand route model. The TRB (Tarim River Basin), a typical arid inland basin system that RFA is separated from RCA, is considered as the study area. The tendency and relevance of water cycle factors and NDVI were detected. The dominant factors of vegetation growth were identified. According to the interaction causality of water cycle factors and vegetation, the PLS-SEM (partial least squares structural equation models) were constructed in RFA and RCA. Results displayed that SMroot (root-zone soil moisture), groundwater and precipitation were the dominant water sources for natural vegetation in RFA. The water demand for natural vegetation in RCA mainly came from SMroot and that for farmland mainly came from SMsurf (surface soil moisture). New findings showed that blue and green water circulations were more active in RFA than in RCA. Natural vegetation had better adaptability and resilience to water shortages compared with farmland. The higher effect of vegetation on AET (actual evapotranspiration) denoted the better growth status. It is contributed to the rational utilization of water resources in arid basins.

First Identification of a Patient with Prosthesis-Related Infection Caused by an MCR-1.1-Producing ST131 Escherichia coli After Rhinoplasty.

BACKGROUND: The most common procedure of rhinoplasty is the implantation of a synthetic prosthesis. However, the complications, especially postoperative infection, could lead the suboptimal aesthetic outcome, economic losses and health threats. There is currently little literature providing an incidence of rhinoplasty infection and microbiological and antimicrobial resistance situations. METHODS: Therefore, we performed a retrospective observational study which included 173 patients who received a rhinoplasty from 1 January 2015, to 31 December 2019, in the department of plastic surgery of a tertiary hospital in Guangzhou, China. The samples from the infection site were collected and performed the bacterial culture. The antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by VITEK and minimum inhibition concentration testing. The whole-genome sequencing was performed by Illumina Hiseq4000 platform. RESULTS: We found that eight (4.6%) patients were infected by S. aureus (6), E. raffinosus (1) and E. coli (1), of which are susceptible to most antimicrobials. Remarkably, E. coli RS1231 was resistant to colistin and polymyxin B which conferred by mcr-1.1 locating on an IncI2 plasmid with 59,170-bp sequence length. Through sequence comparison, we speculate that the pRS1231S-MCR-1 was derived from animal sources. Besides, E. coli RS1231 belongs to ST131 O25:H4-fimH22 pandemic subclone and phylogroup B2, which can induce a broad variety of infections. CONCLUSION: Our study provided a rhinoplasty infection incidence, microbiological and antimicrobial resistance prevalence data, and revealed, to our knowledge, the first case of postoperative infection of rhinoplasty by mcr-1.1-positive, highly susceptible, and remarkably virulent E. coli isolate.

NDRG2 ablation reprograms metastatic cancer cells towards glutamine dependence via the induction of ASCT2.

Background: Metastasis is the most common cause of lethal outcome in various types of cancers. Although the cell proliferation related metabolism rewiring has been well characterized, less is known about the association of metabolic changes with tumor metastasis. Herein, we demonstrate that metastatic tumor obtained a mesenchymal phenotype, which is obtained by the loss of tumor suppressor NDRG2 triggered metabolic switch to glutamine metabolism. Methods: mRNA-seq and gene expression profile analysis were performed to define the differential gene expressions in primary MEC1 and metastatic MC3 cells and the downstream pathways of NDRG2. NDRG2 regulation of Fbw7-dependent c-Myc stability were determined by immunoprecipitation and protein half-life assay. Luciferase reporter and ChIP assays were used to determine the roles of Akt and c-Myc in mediating NDRG2-dependent regulation of ASCT2 in in both tumor and NDRG2-knockout MEF cells. Finally, the effect of the NDRG2/Akt/c-Myc/ASCT2 signaling on glutaminolysis and tumor metastasis were evaluated by functional experiments and clinical samples. Results: Based on the gene expression profile analysis, we identified metastatic tumor cells acquired the mesenchymal-like characteristics and displayed the increased dependency on glutamine utilization. Further, the gain of NDRG2 function blocked epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and glutaminolysis, potentially through suppression of glutamine transporter ASCT2 expression. The ASCT2 restoration reversed NDRG2 inhibitory effect on EMT program and tumor metastasis. Mechanistic study indicates that NDRG2 promoted Fbw7-dependent c-Myc degradation by inhibiting Akt activation, and subsequently decreased c-Myc-mediated ASCT2 transcription, in both tumor and NDRG2-knockout MEF cells. Supporting the biological significance, the reciprocal relationship between NDRG2 and ASCT2 were observed in multiple types of tumor tissues, and associated with tumor malignancy. Conclusions: NDRG2-dependent repression of ASCT2 presumably is the predominant route by which NDRG2 rewires glutaminolysis and blocks metastatic tumor survival. Targeting glutaminolytic pathway may provide a new strategy for the treatment of metastatic tumors.

Comparative study in the effect of C-type natriuretic peptide on gastric motility in various animals.

AIM: To investigate the effect of natriuretic peptides on gastric motility in various animals, and the effect of C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) on spontaneous contraction of gastric smooth muscle in rat, guinea-pig and human in vitro was compared. METHODS: Spontaneous contraction of gastric smooth muscle was recorded by four channel physiograph. RESULTS: In the guinea-pig and rat gastric antral circular smooth muscle, CNP markedly decreased the amplitude of spontaneous contraction but it didn't affect the frequency, however, the contractile activity was completely inhibited by CNP in gastric antral longitudinal smooth muscle. In the human gastric antral circular and longitudinal smooth musle, CNP completely inhibited spontaneous contraction. In the circular smooth muscle of guinea-pig and rat gastric fundus, CNP obviously decreased the amplitude of spontaneous contraction but it didn't affect the frequency, however, the contractile activity was completely inhibited by CNP in smooth muscle of fundus longitudinal. In the circular and longitudinal smooth muscle of guinea-pig gastric body, CNP at first induced a relaxation and then an increase in amplitude of spontaneous contraction (rebound contraction), but the frequency was not changed. After the circular smooth muscle of gastric body was pretreated with atropine, an M receptor blocker, the rebound contraction was abolished; In circular and longitudinal smooth muscle of rat gastric body, CNP induced a transient and slight relaxation and successively followed by the recovery in amplitude of spontaneous contraction but it also didn't affect the frequency. After the smooth muscle was pretreated with atropine, the transient and slight relaxation was replaced by long term and complete inhibition; The percentage of CNP-induced inhibition was 76.77+/-6.21 % (fundus), 67.21+/-5.32 % (body) and 58.23+/- 6.21 % (antral) in the gastric circular muscle, however, the inhibitory percentage was 100+/-0.00 % (fundus), 68.66+/- 3.55 % (body) and 100+/-0.00 % (antrum) in the gastric longitudinal smooth muscle of guinea-pigs; In the rat, the percentage of CNP-induced inhibition was 95.87+/-4.12 % (fundus), 94.91+/-5.08 % (body) and 66.32+/-7.32 % (antrum)in the gastric circular smooth muscle, but in the longitudinal smooth muscle, CNP completely inhibited the spontaneous contraction. Using LY83583, a guanylate cyclase inhibitor, and zaparinast as a phosphoesterase inhibitor to inhibit the generation of cGMP, the effect of CNP on the spontaneous contraction was markedly weakened by LY83583, however, the inhibitory effect was enhanced by zaparinast. CONCLUSION: (1) CNP can obviously inhibit the spontaneous contraction of gastric antral circular and longitudinal smooth muscle in the rat, guinea-pig and human. The order of inhibitory potency is human >rat> guinea-pig. (2) In the same animals, the inhibitory effect of CNP on spontaneous contraction is the most powerful in fundus and the weakest in antrum, in the same position, the inhibitory effect on the circular smooth muscle is more powerful than that on longitudinal smooth muscle. (3) The inhibitory effect of CNP on spontaneous contraction in the gastric smooth muscle is mediated by a cGMP dependent pathway.