CT Imaging and Differential Diagnosis of COVID-19.

Since the beginning of 2020, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread throughout China. This study explains the findings from lung computed tomography images of some patients with COVID-19 treated in this medical institution and discusses the difference between COVID-19 and other lung diseases.

G protein-coupled receptor-associated sorting proteins: function and relevant disorders.

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), the largest family of membrane protein receptors, can be activated by a variety of ligands and participate in signaling transduction, and they are essential in the physiologic process in vivo. GPCR-associated sorting proteins (GASPs) play an important role in the post-endocytic sorting of GPCRs. They mediate the degradation or recycling pathway, and regulate cell signaling transduction and other biological processes. The functional defects of GASPs have been reported to be implicated in pathogenesis of some neurological diseases, tumors and deafness and so on. In this review, we summarize the GASPs' function, GPCR-GASP interactions, GPCR sorting pathway and GASP-related signaling pathways implicated in the transcriptional regulation. It could help to understand the potential linkage between GASPs' dysfunction and diseases, and provide a new approach and strategy for the treatment of GASP-related diseases.

Diffusion Spectrum Imaging of Corticospinal Tracts in Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to measure the diffusion spectrum imaging (DSI) parameters of corticospinal tracts (CSTs) and evaluate diffusional changes in CSTs in patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) by DSI. Methods: Twenty-three iNPH patients and twenty-one healthy controls (HCs) were involved in this study. Brain DSI data for all participants were collected through the same MR scanning procedure. The diffusion parameters measured and analyzed included quantitative anisotropy (QA), the isotropic diffusion component (ISO), general fractional anisotropy (GFA), fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity (AD), and radial diffusivity (RD) of corticospinal tracts. Results: The QA and ISO values of corticospinal tracts in iNPH patients were significantly lower than those in HCs (PLQA = 0.008, PRQA = 0.016, PLISO = 0.024, PRISO = 0.016). The mean MD, AD, and RD values in iNPH patients were significantly higher than those in HCs (PMD = 0.032, PAD = 0.032, PRD = 0.048,). No significant differences in GFA and FA values were noted between iNPH patients and HCs. Conclusion: Decreased QA and ISO values of corticospinal tracts were found in iNPH patients. Quantitative CST evaluation using DSI may lead to information that can improve the present understanding of the disease mechanism.

DSC and DCE Histogram Analyses of Glioma Biomarkers, Including IDH, MGMT, and TERT, on Differentiation and Survival.

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: The World Health Organization 2016 classification of central nervous system tumors added the molecular classification of gliomas and has guiding significance for the operation and prognosis of glioma patients. At present, the perfusion technique plays an important role in judging the malignant degree of glioma. To evaluate the performance of dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC)- and dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE)-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) histogram analyses in discriminating the states of molecular biomarkers and survival in glioma patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-three glioma patients who underwent DCE- and DSC-MRI were enrolled. Relevant molecular test results, including those on isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH), O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) and telomere reverse transcriptase (TERT), were collected. The mean relative cerebral blood volume of DSC-MRI and histogram parameters derived from DCE-MRI (volume transfer coefficient (Ktrans), fractional volume of the extravascular extracellular space (Ve), fractional blood plasma volume (Vp), rate constant between the extravascular extracellular space and blood plasma (Kep) and area under the curve (AUC)) were calculated. Differences in each parameter between gliomas with different expression states (IDH, MGMT, and TERT) were evaluated. The diagnostic efficiency of each parameter was analyzed. The overall survival of all patients was assessed. RESULTS: The 10th percentile AUC (AUC = 0.830, sensitivity = 0.78, specificity = 0.80), the 90th percentile Ve (AUC = 0.816, sensitivity = 0.84, specificity = 0.79), and the mean Kep (AUC = 0.818, sensitivity = 0.76, specificity = 0.78) provided the highest differential efficiency for IDH, MGMT, and TERT, respectively. Kaplan-Meier curves showed a significant difference between subjects with a 10th percentile AUC higher or lower than 0.028 (log-rank = 7.535; p = 0.006) for IDH and between subjects with different 90th percentile Ve values (log-rank = 6.532; p = 0.011) for MGMT. CONCLUSION: Histogram DCE-MRI demonstrates good diagnostic performance in identifying different molecular types and for the prognostic assessment of glioma.