Radical Difluororomethylation of Thiols with Difluoromethylphosphonium Triflate under Photoredox Catalysis.

A convenient, visible light-induced radical difluoromethylation of aryl-, heteroaryl-, and alkylthiols with difluoromethyltriphenylphosphonium triflate was developed to afford various difluoromethyl thioethers in moderate to excellent yields. The key reaction features include the use of a readily available CF2H radical source, mild reaction conditions, and excellent chemoselective thiol-difluoromethylation.

Visible Light Induced Oxydifluoromethylation of Styrenes with Difluoromethyltriphenylphosphonium Bromide.

A convenient, visible light induced oxidifluoromethylation of styrenes was developed. This protocol employs the readily prepared difluoromethyltriphenylphosphonium bromide as the difluoromethylating reagent and alcohols/water as the nucleophiles, affording difluoromethyl(CF2H)-containing alcohols and ethers in moderate to excellent yields.

Visible-Light-Induced Hydrodifluoromethylation of Alkenes with a Bromodifluoromethylphosphonium Bromide.

Bromodifluoromethylphosphonium bromide was solely used as the precursor of difluorocarbene. Herein, an unprecedented visible-light-induced hydrodifluoromethylation of alkenes with bromodifluoromethylphosphonium bromide using H2O and THF as hydrogen sources for the synthesis of difluoromethylated alkanes is described. This difluoromethylation is characterized by mild reaction conditions, ready availability of reagents, and excellent functional-group tolerance.

Visible light-induced selective hydrobromodifluoromethylation of alkenes with dibromodifluoromethane.

A visible light-induced selective hydrobromodifluoromethylation of alkenes using CF2Br2 was developed. This transformation proceeded smoothly in the presence of catalytic eosin Y at room temperature to give various hydrobromodifluoromethylated compounds with broad functional group tolerance.

Chemo-, regio-, and stereoselective trifluoromethylation of styrenes via visible light-driven single-electron transfer (SET) and triplet-triplet energy transfer (TTET) processes.

A process for tunable and chemo-, regio-, and stereoselective photocatalytic trifluoromethylation of styrenes was developed. Thermodynamically stable E-trifluoromethylated alkenes were prepared using Togni's reagent in the presence of Ru(bpy)3Cl2·6H2O under visible light irradiation, whereas less thermodynamically stable Z-trifluoromethylated alkenes were obtained by employing Umemoto's reagent and photocatalyst Ir(ppy)3.

Effect of different water conditions on dissolution of nanosilver.

This study evaluates the time-dependent dissolution of nanosilver (nAg) in common electrolytes and natural waters. nAg was synthesized via Tollens' method using sodium citrate as stabilizer; its morphology, UV-Vis spectrum, and particle size were characterized. The dissolved silver was monitored over time using filtration, centrifugation, and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). Our results indicated that nanoparticle aggregation, Cl(-) presence, and natural organic compounds could affect the dissolution behavior of nAg. The dissolution of nAg was highly dependent on Cl(-) concentration. Excessive Cl(-) enhanced nanoparticle dissolution, whereas natural organic compound inhibited the dissolution. The dissolution data fitted well with the first-order kinetic model, and the dissolution rate coefficients were calculated using the first-order equation. This study showed the dissolution of nAg under various water conditions. The obtained results may be helpful in predicting nAg behavior in relevant environmental aquatic systems.

Efficacy and Prognostic Factors of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in the Treatment of Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer.

OBJECTIVE: To discuss the efficacy and potential prognostic factors of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted to analyze the medical history of patients (n=111) confirmed with advanced NSCLC in the Affiliated Hospital of Putian University from 2018 to 2020. All enrolled patients with adenocarcinoma (n=69), squamous cell carcinoma (n=28), and other types of lung cancer (n=14) were treated with the programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-1) inhibitors. They were divided into groups of PD-1 inhibitors, PD-1 inhibitors in combination with chemotherapy, and PD-1 inhibitors in combination with chemotherapy and angiogenesis inhibitors according to the treatment regimen. General clinical data of all patients were collected, and the Kaplan-Meier analysis was applied to estimate progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). In addition, univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to analyze prognostic factors associated with PFS and OS after treatment. RESULTS: Of 111 patients with advanced NSCLC treated with ICIs, 6 were fully responsive, 33 were partially responsive, 55 were stable, and 17 were progressive. There was no significant difference in objective response rate between the 3 groups. In the subgroup analysis according to the lines of therapy, the objective response rate of patients receiving first-line treatment was 46.7%, which was significantly higher than that of other line treatment groups ( P =0.014). The results of multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that the history of hormone use (HR=1.593; P =0.033), second-line or further lines of therapy (HR=2.871; P <0.001), and high neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR; HR=1.498; P =0.045) were independent risk factors for PFS after immunotherapy for advanced NSCLC. And the history of hormone use (HR=1.518; P =0.015) and high NLR (HR=3.053; P =0.001) were as well the independent risk factors for OS after immunotherapy for advanced NSCLC. CONCLUSION: ICIs therapy clearly had a greater survival benefit in patients who received first-line therapy, had no history of hormone use, and showed low NLR after initial treatment. ICIs can be an effective treatment for advanced NSCLC.

Preliminary application of micro-SPECT/CT imaging by 99m Tc-tricine-EDDA-HYNIC-c-Met for non-small-cell lung cancer.

OBJECTIVE: A novel 99m Tc-tricine-EDDA-Hynic-c-Met molecular probe was synthetized, and nude mice models of human non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were established in order to preliminarily investigate that whether the molecular probe can be used to screen c-Met inhibitor for targeted drug therapy in NSCLC. METHODS: With Hynic as the chelating agent, 99m TcO4 -labeled c-Met receptor was used to synthetize 99m Tc-tricine-EDDA-HYNIC-c-Met. Two nude mice successfully transplanted with H1993 tumor and two nude mice transplanted with H292 tumor were injected with 99m Tc-tricine-EDDA-HYNIC-c-Met through the tail vein. After 2 and 4 hr, micro-SPECT/CT imaging was performed. RESULTS: micro-SPECT/CT imaging of nude mice transplanted with H1993 and H292 tumors using 99m Tc-tricine-EDDA-HYNIC-c-Met showed that uptake of 99m Tc-tricine-EDDA-HYNIC-c-Met was high in H1993 tumor, while it was mild in H292 tumor both at 2 and 4 hr postinjection. Semiquantitative analysis of the ratio of radioactivity intensity at tumor site to radioactivity intensity of adjacent muscles (T/N value) showed that the average T/N value of H1993 and H292 tumors at 2 hr was 3.90 and 2.85, while it was 4.88 and 2.36 at 4 hr. CONCLUSION: micro-SPECT/CT imaging through 99m Tc-tricine-EDDA-HYNIC-c-Met can be used to screen c-Met indicators of NSCLC in H1993 nude mice models for targeted drug therapy.

[Analysis of the treatment of posterolateral tibial plateau fracture with three different methods].

OBJECTIVE: To analyze and compare the efficacy of surgical approaches and fixations of anterolateral approach, lateral approach and posterolateral approach in treating posterolateral tibial plateau fracture. METHODS: A retrospective study of 44 cases from May 2010 to July 2014 were enrolled, of which there were 21 males and 23 females, and the mean age was 42.5 years old (ranged, 26 to 61 years). All the cases were divided into 3 groups according to the surgical approach, group A was anterolateral approach (19 cases), group B was lateral approach (15 cases), group C was posterolateral approach (10 cases). Operative time and bleeding volum were compared and the knee function was observed. RESULTS: The mean operative time of group A was (91.3±10.4) min, and the bleeding volum of which was (175.3±20.3) ml. The mean operative time of group B was(86.6±9.2) min, and the bleeding volum of which was(155.8±18.2) ml. The mean operative time of group C was (109.5±10.8) min, and the bleeding volum of which was(235.9±29.1) ml. There were significant differences in operative time and bleeding volum between group C and the other two groups(P<0.05). The mean follow-up time was 14.9 months (ranged, 10 to 35 months), and the HSS score of last follow-up was 89.6±7.5 (group A), 90.2±6.4(group B), 88.9±5.1 (group C). There were no significant differences in groups(P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The operative time of posterolateral approach was longer than anterolateral approach or lateral approach, as well as the bleeding volum which was higher in posterolateral approach, while no significant difference of the knee function was observed in these 3 different approaches.

[Evaluation of strand displacement amplification in the diagnosis of tuberculosis].

OBJECTIVE: To study the clinical significance and reliability of strand displacement amplification (SDA) in detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. METHODS: SDA and fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (FQ-PCR) were employed to detect samples from 453 cases of tuberculosis, including 332 sputum samples, 78 samples of pleural effusion, and 43 samples of cerebrospinal fluid. RESULTS: In the 332 sputum samples, 131 were culture-positive, of which 110 samples (88 smear-positive) were Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and 21 samples (20 smear-positive) were nontuberculous Mycobacteria. The sensitivity and specificity of SDA for the 110 samples of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and 21 samples of nontuberculous Mycobacteria were 99.1%, 95.2% and 94.6%, 95.2%, respectively. The positive rates in the 311 cases of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex for SDA and FQ-PCR were 55.3% (172/311) and 47.0% (146/311), respectively. There were 20 smear positive samples in the 121 samples of pleural effusion and cerebrospinal fluid, of which 19 were Mycobacterium tuberculosis, 1 nontuberculous Mycobacterium. The positive rates for SDA and FQ-PCR were 43.4% (52/120) and 33.4% (40/120), respectively. Internal amplification control (IAC) was designed for SDA to achieve accuracy of the results. CONCLUSION: The automatic assay system of SDA is a rapid and specific test for detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex.