[Temperature Effects on Erbium Doped Optical Fibers Properties].

In scientific research and engineering application, improving the power of fiber device is an important topic, which leads to observably rise of temperature in fiber core at the same time. In this paper, Thermal effect and its influence on absorption spectrum and lifetime of Erbium-doped fiber are studied with numerical modeling. Lorentz broadening of sub-levels is used to build the mathematical relationship between temperature and absorption spectrum. The McCumber Theory is applied to deduce the lifetime of Erbium-doped fiber in different temperature. Temperature experiments of absorption and emission spectrum from 25 to 900 ℃ are carried out, which show that the wavelength of absorption peak near 980nm increase at rate of 0.625 nm/100 ℃, the ratio of absorption peak near 1 530 nm declines at a rate of 0.001 9 dB·(m℃)-1 and the broadband of absorption spectrum near 1 530 nm increase with rising temperature. The linear variation of lifetime and peak absorption in experiment proves that the theoretical model is reasonable when the temperature is below 600 ℃.

[Gamma Radiation Effects on Erbium-Doped Optical Fibers Properties].

In order to promote the research on erbium-doped fiber's anti-radiation properties and fully grasp variation laws of erbium-doped fiber's properties under radiation, theoretical analysis on how irradiation effect erbium-doped Fiber based on model of color centers was conducted. The performance changes of erbium-doped fiber that may occur during irradiation were predicted. According to working principle and application characteristics, online real-time monitoring of 980 nm wave band loss spectra, 1 550 nm wave band loss spectra, luminescence spectra of two different types(EDF-L-980 and MP980) of erbium-doped fiber as well as recovery measuring after radiation were carried out,. Studies showed that spectral characteristics of both types have similar variation trends during radiation. Losses at 980 and 1 530 nm wave band increase monotonically with dose, and the relationship is approximately linear at absorption peak of 980 and 1 530 nm; luminescence spectra intensity decreases monotonically with dose, and energy of luminescence spectra is shifting to long wavelengths, while its mean wavelength and bandwidth increasing substantially. The relationship between luminescence intensity and dose is also approximately linear at luminescence peak of 1 530 nm. Erbium-doped fiber's spectral characteristics recovered modestly after radiation, but to a limited extent of less than 40% for all parameters. The experiment result is in good agreement with theoretical analysis and prediction, so rationality of theoretical explanation of erbium-doped fiber's performance changes during radiation has been proven.

[Guiding values of facial nerve 3D-TOF-MRA and 3D-FIESTA scan for primary hemifacial spasm operation].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the operative guiding values of facial nerve three-dimensional time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography (3D-TOF-MRA) and three-dimensional fast imaging employing steady state acquisition three-dimensional fast imaging employing steady state acquisition (3D-FIESTA) scan. METHODS: A total of 125 cases of primary hemifacial spasm was treated at our hospital from 2004 to 2012. Among them, 80 cases received preoperative facial nerve MRA scan. The imaging and intraoperative findings were compared to determine the responsible blood vessels. RESULTS: Responsible blood vessels were found in all 80 cases. Sixty patients (75%) had the involvement of single vessel of anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA, n = 57), posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA, n = 1), superior cerebellar artery (SCA, n = 1) and vertebral artery (VA, n = 1). Two or more vessels were implicated in 9 patients (11.25%). The culprits were AICA+ internal auditory artery (n = 8) and PICA+ internal auditory artery (n = 1). The source of responsible vessels of 11 cases could not be determined before surgery. Through intraoperative anatomy, 59 patients had single vessel lesions, including AICA (n = 53), PICA (n = 4), SCA (n = 1) and VA (n = 1). Among 14 cases of multiple vessels, there were AICA + internal auditory artery (n = 7), internal auditory artery + PICA (n = 2), AICA + brain stem perforating artery (n = 3) and AICA + vein (n = 2). Seven cases were uncertain. No significant statistical difference existed between two groups. CONCLUSION: Facial nerve 3D-TOF-MRA and 3D-FIESTA scan can identify the status of responsible blood vessels to guide operations.

Mechanical response of composite materials prepared with polyurethane elastomers and polyvinyl chloride films.

This study describes a new method for the preparation of composite materials using polyvinyl chloride (PVC) films and polyurethane (PU) foam elastomers. This new preparation method was applied to composite materials used for sound and thermal insulation in the automotive and aerospace industries, and it was found to be effective in reducing debonding and fracture defects. This feature was achieved via the formation of through-holes in the surface material and the substrate prior to lamination, which led to the increase in the flow of air and adhesive and allowed for better compatibility between the material layers. The composite material shows a tensile strength of up to 37.6 Kg⋅cm-2 and can achieve a tensile fracture strength of up to 281.3 N, if woven or biomaterials are used. This can be useful in solving challenges in the aerospace and automotive industries and may also act as a potential coating material for other applications in the future.

[Efficacy and survival status of retuximab-NCE regimen treatment in patients with relapsed or refractory B cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma].

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to analyze the efficacy and toxicity of RNCE regimen in the treatment of relapsed or refractory B cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). METHODS: From January 2000 to December 2005, 46 patients with relapsed or refractory B cell NHL were treated by RNCE regimen with or without radiotherapy for the involved field. The clinical characteristics, response, toxicity and long-term survival results were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: A total of 46 patients were eligible. The complete response rate of second-line therapy was 52.17% (24/46), and the overall response rate was 82.61% (38/46). The median follow-up duration in this series was 69 months (range:6 to 102 months). The overall 1, 3, 5-year survival rate was 74.8%, 48.3%, 40.1%, respectively, with a median survival time of 30.2 months (5 to 65 months), and median progression free survival time of 10.9 months (2 to 31 months). The major toxicities were myelosuppression, GI toxicity, fatigue, fever and alopecia. CONCLUSION: Our data show that RNCE regimen treatment is effective and well tolerated in patients with relapsed or refractory B cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

[Nimotuzumab in combination with chemotherapy in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the role of nimotuzumab in combination with chemotherapy in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS: The clinical data of 37 NSCLC patients who received nimotuzumab in combination with chemotherapy in Tianjin Medical University Cancer Hospital from January 2009 to October 2010 were retrospectively reviewed. Of the thirty-seven patients, 12 patients were in stage III B, 25 patients in stage IV. Twenty-four patients recived platinum-based chemotherapy in combination with nimotuzumab, 13 patients recived nonplatinum-based chemotherapy in combination with nimotuzumab. Ten patients received nimotuzumab in combination with chemotherapy as first-line regimen, 23 patients as second-line regimen, 4 patients as third-line regimen. RESULTS: Of the 37 advanced NSCLC patients who received nimotuzumab in combination with chemotherapy, the total number of chemotherapy were 137 cycles, the mean number was 3.7 cycles. One patient had complete remission (CR), 9 patients had partial remission (PR), 16 cases had stable disease (SD), and 11 patients had progressive disease (PD). The response rate (RR) was 27% and clinical benefit rate (CBR) was 70.3%. The main side effects were bone marrow suppression and gastrointestinal reactions. Grade I acneiform rash was found in one patient. CONCLUSION: The regimen of nimotuzumab in combination with chemotherapy can improve the response rate and was well tolerated in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer.

Hydrothermal synthesis of layered sodium manganese oxide nanowires and their electrochemical performance.

A new method for preparing black birnessite nanowires is introduced. Layer-structured manganese oxide nanowires were synthesized by a facile hydrothermal method, and using both NaMnO4 and CH3CH2OH as the precursors in a concentrated NaOH solution. The structure, composition, appearance and electrochemical performance of the product were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy diffraction (ED), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and constant current charge/discharge. The XRD patterns showed a single phase corresponding to a crystalline birnessite-based manganese oxide. TEM studies suggested their wire-like structures. The TGA measurement demonstrated that they possessed an excellent thermal stability up to 400 degrees C. In the potential window of 2.0-4.3 V, the product exhibited excellent cyclic stability and rapid charge-discharge performance.

2,2'-Dimeth-oxy-6,6'-dinitro-biphen-yl.

In the title compound, C(14)H(12)N(2)O(6), the half mol-ecule in the asymmetric unit of the cell is completed by a crystallographic twofold rotation axis, and the two benzene rings of the complete mol-ecule make a dihedral angle of 60.5 (3)°. Furthermore, inter-molecular weak C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds link adjacent mol-ecules, forming a two-dimensional sheet. These sheets are stablized by face-to-face weak π-π contacts [centroid-centroid distance = 3.682 (1) Å] between the nearly parallel [dihedral angle = 0.12 (7)°] benzene rings of the neighboring mol-ecules, resulting in a three-dimensional network.

[A multicenter randomized controlled study of temozolomide in 97 patients with malignant brain glioma].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy and safety of temozolomide (TMZ) and lomustine (CCNU) in malignant brain gliomas. METHODS: In this multicenter, randomized, double-blind, positive-controlled study, patients with malignant glioma of a histological grade III/IV were randomly divided into two groups. In experiment group, TMZ capsule 150 mg/m2 was given orally on days 1 through 5 and CCNU placebo 130 mg/m2 while on day 1. In control group, CCNU capsule 130 mg/m2 was taken orally on day 1 and TMZ placebo 150 mg/m2 while on days 1 through 5. In both groups drugs were given on the first 5 days of 28 day therapeutic course. Every patient was administered at least 3 cycles continuously. RESULTS: 97 patients were enrolled in the clinical trial, 86 cases of which were evaluable for efficacy. The basic conditions of patients in both groups were comparable. After 12 weeks, the response rates in TMZ and CCNU group were 35.71% and 9.09% (P < 0.01) respectively, and the clinical benefit rates in TMZ and CCNU group were 90.48% and 75.00% (P < 0.05) respectively. No obvious improvement was showed in quality of life and neural symptoms in both groups. The common side effects of TMZ were nausea and vomiting with grade I/II. CONCLUSION: TMZ capsule can produce higher efficacy than CCNU in the treatment for refractory malignant brain glioma patients with an acceptable safety profile , indicating that TMZ could be an ideal chemotherapy selection for malignant brain glioma.

Electromagnetic functionalized cage-like polyaniline composite nanostructures.

Novel cage-like and electromagnetic functional polyaniline (PANI)/CoFe2O4 composite nanostructures, in which the self-assembled PANI nanofibers (approximately 15 nm in diameter) entwined around the octahedral CoFe2O4 magnet acting as the nucleation site or template, were successfully prepared by FeCl3 as either oxidant and dopant via a self-assembly process. The coordination effect of the magnet as a nucleation site or template and the magnetic interaction between the PANI nanofibers and CoFe2O4 as a driving force results in such cage-like nanostructures. The cage-like composite nanostructures not only have high conductivity (sigmamax approximately 5.2 S/cm), but also show a typical ferromagnetic behavior.

[DNCE regimen for treatment of refractory or relapsed aggressive and highly aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of DNCE [DXM, navelbine (NVB), DDP and Vp-16] regimen and DICE [dexamethasone (DXM), ifosfamide (IFO), cisplatin (DDP) and etoposide (Vp-16)] regimen in the treatment of refractory or relapsed aggressive and highly aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). METHODS: A total of 69 patients with histopathologically proved advanced aggressive and highly aggressive NHL were randomized into trial group (32 patients treated with DNCE regimen) and control group (37 patients treated with DICE regimen). The control group was given DICE regimen: DXM 20 mg, iv d1 approximately d4; IFO 1 g/m2), iv d1 approximately d4; Mesna 400 mg, iv q8h, d1 approximately d4; DDP 25 mg/m2, iv d1 approximately d4; Vp-16 100 mg/m2, iv d1 approximately d4; one cycle for 21 approximately 28 days. The trial group was given DNCE regimen: DXM 20 mg, iv d1 approximately d4; NVB 25 mg/m2, iv d1 and d5; DDP 25 mg/m2, iv d1 approximately d4; Vp-16 100 mg/m2, iv d1 approximately d4; one cycle for 21 approximately 28 days. Each patient completed at least 2 cycles of treatment. RESULTS: A better efficacy was shown in the complete response rate, partial response rate, and total response rate between DNCE and DICE groups (18.8% vs. 10.8%, 37.5% vs. 35.1%, and 56.3% vs. 45.9%, respectively), but the differences were statistically non-significant (P > 0.05). The 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates were not significantly increased in DNCE group compared with that in DICE group (86.5% vs. 87.5%, 58.3% vs. 63.2%, 42.9% vs.38.5%, respectively, P > 0.05). The major side effects were leucopenia, thrombocytopenia, and nausea in both groups. The bone marrow depression in DNCE group was significantly slighter than that in the DICE group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The efficacy of DNCE regimen is as good as DICE regimen, and the bone marrow toxicity is less severe in DNCE group than that in DICE regimen. Therefore, the DNCE regimen is an effective second-line salvage regimen for the treatment of refractory or relapsed aggressive and highly aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

Necroptosis as a potential therapeutic target in multiple organ dysfunction syndrome.

PURPOSE: To investigate how necroptosisis, i.e. programmed necrosis, is involved in MODS, and to examine whether Nec-1, a specific necroptosis inhibitor, ameliorates multiorgan injury in MODS. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: A model of MODS was established in six-week old SD rats using fracture trauma followed by hemorrhage. Control animals received sham surgery. Cell death form and necrosome formation were measured by fluorescence-activated cell sorting and western blotting. MODS rats were randomly assigned to receive Nec-1 or saline with pretreatment and once daily. The first end-point was 72 hours survival. Organ injury and dysfunction, inflammatory cytokine levels, and necroptotic execution protein expression were also recorded. RESULTS: Organ injury and dysfunction were significantly more severe in the MODS group than the sham group (all p<0.01). Furthermore, MODS-induced liver, lung and kidney tissue injury was characterized by necroptosis rather than apoptosis, and accompanied by necrosome formation. Compared to MODS group, Nec-1 administration significantly improved 72 hours survival (p<0.01). Nec-1 administration significantly reduced necroptosis-induced liver, lung and kidney injury and dysfunction, inhibited inflammatory cytokines production, inhibited release of necroptotic execution proteins such as high-mobility group box 1 and mixed-lineage kinase domain-like protein pseudokinase in MODS rats (all p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that necroptosis is involved the pathology of MODS. Further, a necroptotic inhibitor Nec-1 may be considered as an adjunct treatment for MODS.

Architectural control syntheses of CdS and CdSe nanoflowers, branched nanowires, and nanotrees via a solvothermal approach in a mixed solution and their photocatalytic property.

Wurtzite CdS and CdSe nanostructures with complex morphologies such as urchin-like CdS nanoflowers, branched nanowires, and fractal nanotrees can be produced via a facile solvothermal approach in a mixed solution made of diethylenetriamine (DETA) and deionized water (DIW). The morphologies of CdS and CdSe nanocrystals can be easily controlled via tuning the volume ratio of DETA and DIW. Urchin-like CdS nanoflowers made of CdS nanorods are in a form of highly ordered hierarchical structures, while the nanowires are branched nanowires, and the fractal CdS nanotrees are a buildup of branched nanopines. The results demonstrated that solvothermal reaction in a mixed amine/water can access a variety of complex morphologies of semiconductor materials. The photocatalytic activity of CdS particles with different morphologies has been tested by the degradation of acid fuchsine under both UV and visible light, showing that the as-prepared branched CdS nanowires exhibit high photocatalytic activity for degradation of acid fuchsine.

Effect of Modified Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Surgery on GLP-1, GIP in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

The type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the most serious diseases that threaten public health. Modified gastric bypass surgery has been applied to the treatment of T2DM patients in the 1990s, but the therapeutic mechanism to this function is still unclear. The aim of this study was to further clarify the effect and the mechanism of modified gastric bypass surgery on glucose metabolism in patients with T2DM. In the study, the incretin indexes and blood glucose indexes were analyzed before surgery and 1 week and 1, 3, and 6 months after surgery. The results suggested that modified Roux-en-Y gastric bypass can promote GLP-1 secretion in patients with T2DM, while reducing the secretion of GIP. Thus it could effectively control blood glucose of patients with T2DM.

[Treatment of malignant lymphoma by autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation combined with high dose radiotherapy and chemotherapy].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of treatment of malignant lymphoma (ML) by autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT) combined with high dose radiotherapy and chemotherapy. METHODS: From June 1991 to October 2002, 56 patients, aged 9 - 65 years, with ML, 44 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and 12 Hodgkin's disease (HD) were treated with AGSCT combined with high dose radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Among them, 12 received autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT) and 44 received autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (APBSCT), In the latter the APBSCs were mobilized by carboplatin and etoposide (CE) or CHOP (CTX, ADM, VCR, PDN) plus granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) and/or granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) 10 micro g/kg/d. Pretreatment included BEAM (BCNU, Vp-16, AraC, MEL) or MEL 140 mg/m(2) + Vp-16,200 mg/L total body irradiation (TBI) 8 Gy. The patients were flowed up for 40 - 4,310 days with a median of 1,820 days. RESULTS: Hematopoietic reconstruction was observed in all patients. The 1, 2, and 5-year disease-free survival rates were 87.5%, 60.7%, and 57.1% respectively, with the longest survival of 11 years. Fourteen patients developed relapse. No transplantation-related death was seen. CONCLUSION: Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation combined with high dose radiotherapy and chemotherapy is effective on Ml. AHSCT shows a more rapid effect on hematopoietic reconstruction than ABMT.

An efficient preparation of mulberroside a from the branch bark of mulberry and its effect on the inhibition of tyrosinase activity.

A bioactive ingredient in an ethanol extract from the branch bark of cultivated mulberry Husang-32 (Morus multicaulis Perr.) was isolated using a macroporous resin column. The primary component, which was purified by semi-preparative high-performance liquid chromatography diode array detection (HPLC-DAD), was identified as mulberroside A (MA) by liquid chromatograph-mass spectrometer (LC-MS), 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra. In total, 4.12 g MA was efficiently extracted from one kilogram of mulberry bark. The enzymatic analysis showed that MA inhibited the generation of dopachrome by affecting the activities of monophenolase and diphenolase of tyrosinase in vitro. This analysis indicated that MA and oxyresveratrol (OR), which is the the aglycone of mulberroside A, exhibited strong inhibition of the monophenolase activity with IC50 values of 1.29 µmol/L and 0.12 µmol/L, respectively. However, the former showed weaker inhibitory activity than the latter for diphenolase. For the monophenolase activity, the inhibitory activity of MA and OR was reversible and showed mixed type 1 inhibition. Additionally, the inhibition constant KI (the inhibition constant of the effectors on tyrosinase) values were 0.385 µmol/L and 0.926 µmol/L, respectively, and the KIS (the inhibition constants of the enzyme-substrate complex) values were 0.177 µmol/L and 0.662 µmol/L, respectively. However, MA showed competitive inhibition of diphenolase activity, and KI was 4.36 µmol/L. In contrast, OR showed noncompetitive inhibition and KI = KIS = 2.95 µmol/L. Taken together, these results provide important information concerning the inhibitory mechanism of MA on melanin synthesis, which is widely used in whitening cosmetics.

Toward statistical modeling of saccadic eye-movement and visual saliency.

In this paper, we present a unified statistical framework for modeling both saccadic eye movements and visual saliency. By analyzing the statistical properties of human eye fixations on natural images, we found that human attention is sparsely distributed and usually deployed to locations with abundant structural information. This observations inspired us to model saccadic behavior and visual saliency based on super-Gaussian component (SGC) analysis. Our model sequentially obtains SGC using projection pursuit, and generates eye movements by selecting the location with maximum SGC response. Besides human saccadic behavior simulation, we also demonstrated our superior effectiveness and robustness over state-of-the-arts by carrying out dense experiments on synthetic patterns and human eye fixation benchmarks. Multiple key issues in saliency modeling research, such as individual differences, the effects of scale and blur, are explored in this paper. Based on extensive qualitative and quantitative experimental results, we show promising potentials of statistical approaches for human behavior research.

Comparison of different gastric bypass procedures in gastric carcinoma patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

AIM: To determine the effect of different Roux-en-Y gastric bypass procedures in gastric carcinoma patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of the clinical data of 54 patients with gastric cancer and type 2 diabetes mellitus treated in the Department of General Surgery from January 2006 to June 2013 was conducted. The patients underwent gastrectomy using different Roux-en-Y gastric bypass procedures (traditional, n = 26; modified, n = 28). Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), two hour postprandial blood glucose (2 h PBG) and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) were analyzed before surgery (0 mo) and 1, 3 and 6 mo after surgery. RESULTS: FPG and 2 h PBG levels were significantly decreased 1 mo after surgery in the traditional Roux-en-Y gastric bypass group (FPG 7.5 ± 1.3 vs 10.7 ± 1.2, P < 0.05) (2 h PBG 10.2 ± 1.8 vs 13.8 ± 3.2, P < 0.05). FPG and 2 h PBG levels were significantly decreased after surgery in the modified Roux-en-Y gastric bypass group (FPG 6.9 ± 1.2 vs 10.5 ± 1.1, 6.5 ± 1.3 vs 10.5 ± 1.1, 6.4 ± 1.2 vs 10.5 ± 1.1, P < 0.05) (2 h PBG 9.9 ± 2.2 vs 14.1 ± 2.9, 9.2 ± 2.4 vs 14.1 ± 2.9, 8.9 ± 2.6 vs 14.1 ± 2.9, P < 0.05). Compared with the levels before surgery, HbA1c levels were significantly decreased 3 and 6 mo after surgery (7.2 ± 1.1 vs 10.5 ± 1.1, 5.5 ± 1.1 vs 10.5 ± 1.1, P < 0.05). Significant differences between the two groups regarding FPG, 2 h PBG and HbA1c concentration were observed 3 and 6 mo after surgery (FPG 10.1 ± 1.5 vs 6.5 ± 1.3, 10.3 ± 1.4 vs 6.4 ± 1.2, P < 0.05) (2 h PBG 13.1 ± 2.8 vs 9.2 ± 2.4, 13.6 ± 3.1 vs 8.9 ± 2.6, P < 0.05) (HbA1c 10.1 ± 1.4 vs 7.2 ± 1.1, 10.5 ± 1.3 vs 5.5 ± 1.1, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Modified Roux-en-Y gastric bypass can improve glucose metabolism in type 2 diabetic patients with gastric cancer.

Marine phytoplankton motility sensor integrated into a microfluidic chip for high-throughput pollutant toxicity assessment.

A microfluidic chip was designed to assess the toxicity of pollutants in a high-throughput way by using marine phytoplankton motility as a sensor signal. In this chip, multiple gradient generators (CGGs) with diffusible chambers enable large scale of dose-response bioassays to be performed in a simple way. Two mobile marine phytoplankton cells were confined on-chip and stimulated by 8 concentrations (generated by CGG) of Hg, Pb, Cu and phenol singly, as well as Cu and phenol jointly. CASA system was used to characterize motility by motile percentage (%MOT), curvilinear velocity (VCL), average path velocity (VAP) and straight line velocity (VSL). In all cases, dose-dependent inhibitions of motility were observed. In the present system, only 2h was needed to predict EC50. Thus, the developed microfluidic chip device was proved to be useful as a rapid/simple and high-throughput test method in marine pollution toxicity assessment.

Epirubicin inhibits soluble CD25 secretion by Treg cells isolated from diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patients.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of epirubicin on soluble CD25 (sCD25) secretion by CD4+CD25+ regulatory T (Treg) cells isolated from diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients. METHODS: Treg cells were isolated from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from the newly diagnosed DBLCL patients. The concentration of sCD25 in the supernatant was determined with a commercial sCD25 (IL-2R) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. The fluorescence intensity of CD25 was detected by flow cytometry. RESULTS: Cell survival rate was significantly decreased along with the increase of epirubicin concentration after treatment for 24 h. There was also a significant difference in the concentration of sCD25 between the epirubicin group and the control group (P<0.01). A positive correlation between the Treg cells survival rate and the concentration of sCD25 was detected (r=0.993, P<0.01). When equal numbers of CD4+CD25+ Treg cells of the epirubicin group and the control group were cultured for another 24 h without epirubicin the CD25 fluorescence intensity on the surface of Treg cells was obviously higher in the epirubicin group than that in the control group (P<0.01), while the sCD25 concentration in the supernatant in the epirubicin group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Epirubicin may improve the body's immune functions by inhibiting the sCD25 secretion by Treg cells in DLBCL patients.