Corrigendum: Immune dysregulation is an important factor in the underlying complications in Influenza infection. ApoH, IL-8 and IL-15 as markers of prognosis.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1443096.].

Immune dysregulation is an important factor in the underlying complications in Influenza infection. ApoH, IL-8 and IL-15 as markers of prognosis.

Introduction: Influenza virus infection can cause a range of clinical symptoms, including respiratory failure (RF) and even death. The mechanisms responsible for the most severe forms of the disease are not yet well understood. The objective is to assess the initial immune response upon admission and its potential impact on infection progression. Methods: We conducted a prospective observational study of patients with influenza virus infection who required admission to a tertiary hospital in the 2017/18 and 2018/19 flu seasons. Immune markers, surrogate markers of neutrophil activation, and blood levels of DNase I and Apolipoprotein-H (ApoH) were determined in the first serum sample available during hospital care. Patients were followed until hospital discharge or death. Initially, 792 patients were included. From this group, 107 patients with poor evolution were selected, and a random control group was matched by day of admission. Results: Patients with poor outcomes had significantly reduced ApoH levels, a soluble protein that regulate both complement and coagulation pathways. In multivariate analysis, low plasma levels of ApoH (OR:5.43; 2.21-13.4), high levels of C- reactive protein (OR:2.73: 1.28-5.4), hyperferritinemia (OR:2.83; 1.28-5.4) and smoking (OR:3.41; 1.04-11.16), were significantly associated with a worse prognosis. RF was independently associated with low levels of ApoH (OR: 5.12; 2.02-1.94), while high levels of IL15 behaved as a protective factor (OR:0.30; 0.12-0.71). Discussion: Therefore, in hospitalized influenza patients, a dysregulated early immune response is associated with a worse outcome. Adequate plasma levels of ApoH are protective against severe influenza and RF and High levels of IL15 protect against RF.

Aumento de expresión y actividad de MMP-9 en rinosinusitis crónica con poliposis nasal / Increased expression and activity of MMP-9 in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis

Introducción: Las metaloproteinasas de matriz (MMP) son un conjunto de endopeptidasas implicadas en la degradación de la matriz extracelular, que podrían explicar los cambios histológicos característicos de la poliposis nasal. El objetivo de este estudio consiste en determinar la implicación de MMP-2 y MMP-9 en la rinosinusitis crónica con poliposisnasal. Material y método: Para ello, se tomaron muestras de 15 pacientes afectados de poliposis nasal y muestras de 15 controles intervenidos de turbinoplastia. Las muestras se procesaron para análisis de la expresión de ambas MMP mediante Western blot, y para determinación de su actividad enzimática mediante cimografía. Resultados: Los resultados mostraron un incremento de la actividad y de la expresión de MMP-9, pero no de MMP-2,en las muestras procedentes de pacientes afectados de poliposis nasal en comparación con los controles. Conclusiones: Estos resultados apoyarían la implicación de la MMP-9 en la remodelación tisular característica de esta enfermedad (AU)

Introduction: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) are a family of endopeptidases involved in extracellular matrix degradation and which could potentially explain specific histological changes in nasal polyposis. The aim of this study is to determine whether MMP-2 and 9 are involved in chronic rhinosinusitis with polyposis. Material and method: Specimens were collected from 15 patients affected by nasal polyposis and 15 control patients(with turbinoplasty performed). Specimens were processed for determination of protein expression levels by Western-blot and for determination of their enzymatic activity by zymography for both MMPs. Results: Results showed a higher expression and activity of MMP-9 but not of MMP-2 in specimens from patients with polyposis when compared with controls. Conclusions: These results support the involvement ofMMP-9 in the tissue remodelling characteristic of this disease (AU)