Installing oncofertility programs for common cancers in limited resource settings (Repro-Can-OPEN Study): An extrapolation during the global crisis of Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic.

PURPOSE: The state of limited resource settings that Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has created globally should be taken seriously into account especially in healthcare sector. In oncofertility, patients should receive their fertility preservation treatments urgently even in limited resource settings before initiation of anticancer therapy. Therefore, it is very crucial to learn more about oncofertility practice in limited resource settings such as in developing countries that suffer often from shortage of healthcare services provided to young patients with cancer. METHODS: As an extrapolation during the global crisis of COVID-19 pandemic, we surveyed oncofertility centers from 14 developing countries (Egypt, Tunisia, Brazil, Peru, Panama, Mexico, Colombia, Guatemala, Argentina, Chile, Nigeria, South Africa, Saudi Arabia, and India). Survey questionnaire included questions on the availability and degree of utilization of fertility preservation options in case of childhood cancer, breast cancer, and blood cancer. RESULTS: All surveyed centers responded to all questions. Responses and their calculated oncofertility scores showed different domestic standards for oncofertility practice in case of childhood cancer, breast cancer, and blood cancer in the developing countries under limited resource settings. CONCLUSIONS: Medical practice in limited resource settings has become a critical topic especially after the global crisis of COVID-19 pandemic. Understanding the resources necessary to provide oncofertility treatments is important until the current COVID-19 pandemic resolves. Lessons learned will be valuable to future potential worldwide disruptions due to infectious diseases or other global crises.

Treatment with LPS plus INF-γ induces the expression and function of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, modulating NIH3T3 cell proliferation: participation of NOS and COX.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: LPS and IFN-γ are potent stimuli of inflammation, a process in which fibroblasts are frequently involved. We analysed the effect of treatment with LPS plus IFN-γ on the expression and function of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in NIH3T3 fibroblasts with regards to proliferation of these cells. We also investigated the participation of NOS and COX, and the role of NF-κB in this process. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: NIH3T3 cells were treated with LPS (10 ng·mL(-1)) plus IFN-γ (0.5 ng·mL(-1)) for 72 h (iNIH3T3 cells). Cell proliferation was evaluated with MTT and protein expression by Western blot analysis. NOS and COX activities were measured by the Griess method and radioimmunoassay respectively. KEY RESULTS: The cholinoceptor agonist carbachol was more effective at stimulating proliferation in iNIH3T3 than in NIH3T3 cells, probably due to the de novo induction of M3 and M5 muscarinic receptors independently of NF-κB activation. iNIH3T3 cells produced higher amounts of NO and PGE2 than NIH3T3 cells, concomitantly with an up-regulation of NOS1 and COX-2, and with the de novo induction of NOS2/3 in inflamed cells. We also found a positive feedback between NOS and COX that could potentiate inflammation. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Inflammation induced the expression of muscarinic receptors and, therefore,stimulated carbachol-induced proliferation of fibroblasts. Inflammation also up-regulated the expression of NOS and COX-2, thus potentiating the effect of carbachol on NO and PGE2 production. A positive crosstalk between NOS and COX triggered by carbachol in inflamed cells points to muscarinic receptors as potential therapeutic targets in inflammation.

Registro oncopediátrico hospitalario argentino / The argentina ocopediatric hospital registry

El registro Oncopediátrico Hospitalario Argentino (ROHA). Fundación Laleidos registra pacientes menores de 15 años con nuevo diagnóstico de cáncer desde el año 2000. El primer objetivo fue desarrollar un registro de cáncer infantil siguiendo los lineamientos internacionales (OMS/IARC) conun modelo único. El segundo objetivo fue la coordinación y centralización de la información para análisis estadístico de los datos a nivel local, provincial, regional y nacional. Población y Metodo: Las fuentes de ROHA son las instituciones públicas y privadas que atienden niños con patología oncológíca, registros regionales de cáncer, grupos coopertivos de trabajo, datos de defunciones aportados por la Dirección de Estadísticas e Información de Salud del MInisterio de Salud de la Nación y profesionales que atienden niños con cancer en forma particular. Actualmente ROHA cuenta con 67 fuentes registrantes, 8 registros de Tumores Poblacionales y 2 grupos médicos cooperativos quienes son responsables de la notificación de los casos y del seguimiento activo. Resltados: La estimaición de la cobertura actual de ROHA de los casos registrados en relación con los casos esperados para todo el país es de 92. En el período 2000-2005 se registraron 7583 niños con patología oncológica, promedio anual 1264, el 56 es de sexo masculino, las leucemias representan el 36,7, le siguen en orden de frecuencia los tumores cerebrales con el 18,9. El 86 de los pacientes registrados, se atienden eninstituciones públicas y el 37 deben migrar para realizar parte de su tratamiento. Conclusiones: ROHA alcanzó una cobertura nacional estimada de aproximadamente 92. Existe una concordancia de los resultados generales de RPHA con las publicaciones internacionales. Se observó una desigualdad de oportunidades diagnósticas de sostén y terapéuticas, dependiendo de las instituciones en las diferentes áreas geográficas del país.