[Risk factors for pregnancy in adolescence in a teaching maternity in Paraíba: a case-control study]. / Fatores de risco para a gravidez na adolescência em uma maternidade-escola da Paraíba: estudo caso-controle.

PURPOSE: To identify factors associated with gestation in adolescence in a State of the northeast of Brazil. METHODS: A case-control study in the ratio of one 10 to 19-year-old adolescent (case) for two 20 to 35-year-old women (controls), with a total of 168 cases and 337 controls. The variables analyzed were: schooling, marital status, origin, family income per capita in Brazilian currency, paid job, mother's schooling, and presence of adolescent's father at home. Reproductive variables such as age at the first intercourse, mother's history of adolescence pregnancy, gynecological appointments before the pregnancy, knowledge, access and use of contraceptive methods were also included in the analysis. RESULTS: The following variables were associated with gestation in adolescence: schooling lower than eight years, lack of a regular mate, and maternal history of adolescence gestation. Also, the age at the first intercourse was significantly lower among the adolescents and that they had a lower rate of gynecological appointments. Knowledge of hormonal methods and access to contraceptive methods were also less frequent among the adolescents. After the multiple logistic regression analysis, risk factors for pregnancy at adolescence were: low schooling (OR=2.3; CI 95%=1.3-3.8), age at the first intercourse lower than 15 years old (OR=3.6; CI 95%=2.2-5.7), history of maternal pregnancy at adolescence (OR=2.6; CI 95%=1.7-3.4). The history of previous gynecological appointments (OR=0.3; CI 95%=0.2-0.4) and the use of hormonal methods (OR=0.6; CI 95%=0.4-0.9) were protecting variables. CONCLUSIONS: The main factors associated with pregnancy in adolescence were: the adolescent's low schooling, maternal history of adolescence gestation, lack of previous gynecological appointments and lack of access to contraceptive methods.

Fatores de risco para a gravidez na adolescência em uma maternidade-escola da Paraíba: estudo caso-controle / Risk factors for pregnancy in adolescence in a teaching maternity in Paraíba: a case-control study

OBJETIVO: identificar os fatores associados à gestação na adolescência em um Estado do nordeste do Brasil. MÉTODOS: realizou-se um estudo de caso-controle na proporção de uma adolescente entre 10 e 19 anos (caso) para duas mulheres entre 20 e 35 anos (controles), totalizando 168 casos e 337 controles. As variáveis reprodutivas analisadas foram: escolaridade, situação marital, procedência, renda familiar per capita em reais, trabalho remunerado, escolaridade da mãe, presença do pai da adolescente em casa. Foram também incluídas na análise variáveis reprodutivas: idade do primeiro coito, história materna de gravidez na adolescência, consulta ginecológica antes da gravidez, conhecimento, uso e acesso a métodos contraceptivos. RESULTADOS: verificou-se associação de gestação na adolescência com as seguintes variáveis: escolaridade menor que oito anos, ausência do companheiro e história materna de gestação na adolescência. Observou-se que a idade na primeira relação foi significativamente mais baixa entre as adolescentes, que tiveram menor frequência de consultas ginecológicas. Conhecimento dos métodos hormonais e acesso aos métodos anticoncepcionais foram menos frequentes entre as adolescentes. Os fatores de risco para a gravidez na adolescência, após análise de regressão logística múltipla, foram: baixa escolaridade (OR=2,3; IC95 por cento=1,3-3,8), idade do primeiro coito menor que 15 anos (OR=3,6; IC95 por cento=2,2-5,7), história materna de gravidez na adolescência (OR=2,6; IC95 por cento=1,7-3,4). A história de consultas ginecológicas prévias (OR=0,3; IC95 por cento=0,2-0,4) e uso de métodos hormonais (OR=0,6; IC95 por cento=0,4-0,9) foram variáveis protetoras. CONCLUSÕES: os principais fatores associados à gravidez na adolescência observados foram: baixa escolaridade da adolescente, história materna de gestação na adolescência, ausência de consultas ginecológicas prévias e falta de acesso aos métodos anticoncepcionais.

PURPOSE: to identify factors associated with gestation in adolescence in a State of the northeast of Brazil. METHODS: a case-control study in the ratio of one 10 to 19-year-old adolescent (case) for two 20 to 35-year-old women (controls), with a total of 168 cases and 337 controls. The variables analyzed were: schooling, marital status, origin, family income per capita in Brazilian currency, paid job, mother's schooling, and presence of adolescent's father at home. Reproductive variables such as age at the first intercourse, mother's history of adolescence pregnancy, gynecological appointments before the pregnancy, knowledge, access and use of contraceptive methods were also included in the analysis. RESULTS: the following variables were associated with gestation in adolescence: schooling lower than eight years, lack of a regular mate, and maternal history of adolescence gestation. Also, the age at the first intercourse was significantly lower among the adolescents and that they had a lower rate of gynecological appointments. Knowledge of hormonal methods and access to contraceptive methods were also less frequent among the adolescents. After the multiple logistic regression analysis, risk factors for pregnancy at adolescence were: low schooling (OR=2.3; CI95 percent=1.3-3.8), age at the first intercourse lower than 15 years old (OR=3.6; CI95 percent=2.2-5.7), history of maternal pregnancy at adolescence (OR=2.6; CI95 percent=1.7-3.4). The history of previous gynecological appointments (OR=0.3; CI95 percent=0.2-0.4) and the use of hormonal methods (OR=0.6; CI95 percent=0.4-0.9) were protecting variables. CONCLUSIONS: the main factors associated with pregnancy in adolescence were: the adolescent's low schooling, maternal history of adolescence gestation, lack of previous gynecological appointments and lack of access to contraceptive methods.