Orthodontically induced eruption of a horizontally impacted maxillary central incisor.

This case report presents the clinical features and periodontal findings in a patient with a horizontally impacted maxillary central incisor that had been exposed and aligned after a closed-eruption surgical technique. By combining 3 treatment stages-maxillary expansion, crown exposure surgery, and induced eruption-the horizontally impacted incisor was successfully moved into proper position. The patient finished treatment with a normal and stable occlusion between the maxillary and mandibular arches, and an adequate width of attached gingiva, even in the area surrounding the crown. The 5-year follow-up of stability and periodontal health demonstrated esthetic and functional outcomes after orthodontically induced tooth eruption. Clinical evaluation showed that the treated central incisor had periodontal clinical variables related to visible plaque, bleeding on probing, width of attached gingiva, and crown length that resembled the contralateral incisor.

Mini-implants: mechanical resource for molars uprighting.

INTRODUCTION: The early orthodontic treatment allows correction of skeletal discrepancies by growth control, and the elimination of deleterious habits, which are risk factors for the development of malocclusions, favoring for the correction of tooth positioning later in a second treatment stage. During development of teeth and occlusion, the mandibular second molars commonly erupt in the oral cavity after all other teeth of the anterior region. In their eruptive process there may be a condition known as tooth impaction, which precludes its complete eruption and requires proper uprighting treatment. The temporary anchorage devices allow disimpaction and movement of these teeth directly to their final position, without the need of patient compliance or reaction movements in other parts of the arch. OBJECTIVE: This paper aims at describing a case report of the treatment of a patient with Angle Class II malocclusion, performed in two phases, in which mini-implants were used for uprighting the impacted mandibular second molars.

Low-level laser therapy for implants without initial stability.

OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the effect of low-level infrared laser on removal torque values of implants with poor initial stability inserted in rabbit tibias. BACKGROUND DATA: It is important to analyze the effects of laser radiation on bone repair when low-quality bone and implants with poor initial stability are used. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty male white New Zealand rabbits (Oryctolagus Cuniculus) about 2 mo old and weighing 1.5-2.0 kg were used. Machined implants with poor initial stability were inserted in the tibia of each animal. Animals were randomly divided into two groups: laser irradiated and laser nonirradiated. Each group was further divided into three subgroups, according to the day the animals were killed: 15, 30, or 45 d. Torque values were measured with an axial digital torquemeter that applied counter-torque. The Student's t-test was used to calculate means and standard deviations for the comparisons between laser and control groups. RESULTS: A significant increase (p = 0.050) in removal torque values was found in the group of laser-irradiated implants at 15 and 30 d when compared with the control groups. At 45 d, no significant differences were found. CONCLUSION: In this study, low-level laser therapy promoted the osseointegration of implants with poor initial stability, particularly in the initial stages of bone healing.

Aplicabilidade de rhBMP-2 em diferentes técnicas de enxertia / rhBMP-2 applicability in different grafting techniques

Objetivo: analisar a influência da rhBMP-2 em enxer os bucofaciais, apresentando pesquisas recentes, feitas em animais e em humanos, bem como as diferentes metodologias de aplicabilidade clínica e os resultados obtidos por seus autores. Revisão de literatura: para que seja possível a instalação de implantes ou a correção de defeitos ósseos há necessidade de que exista ecido ósseo de boa qualidade. Sem isso, as possibilidades de sucesso nos procedimentos de osteointegração e reabilitações bucofaciais, visando devolver ao paciente o volume ósseo perdido, são muito reduzidas. As proteínas morfogenéticas ósseas (BMPs) são substâncias osteoindutoras e têm sido utilizadas na regeneração óssea. A procura por materiais que apresentem características semelhantes às alcançadas com o enxerto autógeno, com o objetivo de reduzir a morbidade dos procedimentos de restauração das estruturas ósseas perdidas, fez com que as pesquisas avancem para o lado dos materiais sintéticos, como é o caso da rhBMP-2, principal proteína morfogenética indutora de tecido ósseo. Considerações finais: novos estudos são necessários para analisar a viabilidade e o sucesso da aplicação dessas proteínas. Para tanto, pode-se observar que essas proteínas têm uma excelente função na formação óssea.

Mini-implants: mechanical resource for molars uprighting

INTRODUCTION: The early orthodontic treatment allows correction of skeletal discrepancies by growth control, and the elimination of deleterious habits, which are risk factors for the development of malocclusions, favoring for the correction of tooth positioning later in a second treatment stage. During development of teeth and occlusion, the mandibular second molars commonly erupt in the oral cavity after all other teeth of the anterior region. In their eruptive process there may be a condition known as tooth impaction, which precludes its complete eruption and requires proper uprighting treatment. The temporary anchorage devices allow disimpaction and movement of these teeth directly to their final position, without the need of patient compliance or reaction movements in other parts of the arch. OBJECTIVE: This paper aims at describing a case report of the treatment of a patient with Angle Class II malocclusion, performed in two phases, in which mini-implants were used for uprighting the impacted mandibular second molars.

INTRODUÇÃO: o tratamento ortodôntico precoce permite a correção das discrepâncias esqueléticas por meio do controle de crescimento e a eliminação de hábitos deletérios, que são fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento de más oclusões, que favorecem a correção do posicionamento dentário mais tardiamente, em uma segunda fase do tratamento. Durante o desenvolvimento da dentição e da oclusão, normalmente o segundo molar inferior chega à cavidade bucal após todos os dentes posicionados anteriormente a ele. Durante seu processo eruptivo, pode ocorrer uma condição chamada "impacção dentária", em que sua erupção completa é interrompida, exigindo tratamento apropriado para verticalização. Os dispositivos temporários de ancoragem permitem a desimpacção e a movimentação desses dentes diretamente às suas posições finais, sem a necessidade de cooperação do paciente e sem movimento de reação nas outras unidades da arcada. OBJETIVO: descrever o tratamento de um caso de má oclusão Classe II de Angle, realizado em duas fases, durante o qual foram utilizados mini-implantes para verticalização dos segundos molares inferiores impactados.

Osteoinduction of human bone marrow cells: an in vitro study / Introdução osteogênica de células da medula óssea humana: um estudo in vitro

Objective: This study evaluated the osteogenic induction of human bone marrow cells by human recombinant bone morphogenetic protein-4 (rhBMP-4) and proteins released by Saos-2 (human osteosarcoma cell line). Study design: Osteoinduction in the presence or absence of Saos-2 and/or rhBMP-4 was evaluated in cultured human bone marrow cells. Morphological aspects and bone protein markers (osteonectin, osteopontin, and osteocalcin) were analyzed on days 1, 2, 5, 8, 11 and 14. Osteonectin expression was evaluated using immunohistochemistry with anti-secreted protein acidic and rich in cystein (anti-SPARC) antibody. mRNA transcripts for osteopontin were determined using RT-PCR with specific primers. Results: Bone marrow cells were adherent since the first day of culture and were positive for osteonectin. mRNA transcripts were detected in all culture conditions since the first day of culture. As human osteosarcoma cells are a source of additional growth they did not affect osteoinduction. rhBMP-4 up regulates osteoinduction during the first days of culture only. Osteoblasts were obtained from human bone marrow cells even in the absence of growth factors and showed a typical morphology. Cells derived from bone marrow can undergo osteoinduction in vitro in the absence of osteoinductive factors such as bone morphogenetic proteins. Conclusions: This study showed that an osteoblastic cell lineage may be obtained from human bone marrow derived from adherent cells, and that the presence of the rhBMP-4 seems to have an effect during the first stages of differentiation only.

Reabilitação protética em maxila: enxerto ósseo e prótese fixa dentogengival / Prosthetic rehabilitation in maxilla: bone graft and fixed dentogingival prosthese

Os avanços das técnicas cirúrgicas de enxertia favorecem a correção dos defeitos de tecidos mole e ósseo e possibilitam efetivas reabilitações protéticas fixas em pacientes com maxilas severamente reabsorvidas. O objetivodeste trabalho é relatar um caso clínico, no qual a confecção de uma prótese fixa dentogengival sobreimplantes permitiu reabilitação estética e funcional de uma paciente, previamente, submetida a enxerto ósseo autógeno de crista ilíaca na maxila e com ausência quase completa de dentes no arco superior.

Avaliação da relação entre o grau de retenção dentária e o tipo de retalho mais indicado para a cirurgia de remoção de terceiros molares inferiores retidos / Evaluation of the relation between the degree of dental impact and the most indicated flap for the surgery of impacted lowers third molars

O tratamento cirúrgico de dentes retidos, especialmente os terceiros molares, é uma das atividades cirúrgicas realizadas com maior freqüência nos consultórios odontológicos. A localização das incisões e a escolha do tipo de retalho são determinadas em função do acesso desejado e das estruturas anatômicas relacionadas. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi comparar quanto à cicatrização, deiscência de sutura e indicações, as incisões angulares com relaxante na mesial do segundo molar ou na distal do segundo molar, a incisão em envelope e a incisão em V. Foram atendidos 34 pacientes que possuíam terceiros molares inferiores retidos. Os pacientes foram divididos nos quatro grupos de diferentes retalhos. Ao final do estudo, observou-se que o grau de retenção influencia no tipo de retalho escolhido