Catalytic Hydrogenolysis by Atomically Dispersed Iron Sites Embedded in Chemically and Redox Non-innocent N-Doped Carbon.

Atomically dispersed first-row transition metals embedded in nitrogen-doped carbon materials (M-N-C) show promising performance in catalytic hydrogenation but are less well-studied for reactions with more complex mechanisms, such as hydrogenolysis. Their ability to catalyze selective C-O bond cleavage of oxygenated hydrocarbons such as aryl alcohols and ethers is enhanced with the participation of ligands directly bound to the metal ion as well as longer-range contributions from the support. In this article, we describe how Fe-N-C catalysts with well-defined local structures for the Fe sites catalyze C-O bond hydrogenolysis. The reaction is facilitated by the N-C support. According to spectroscopic analyses, the as-synthesized catalysts contain mostly pentacoordinated FeIII sites, with four in-plane nitrogen donor ligands and one axial hydroxyl ligand. In the presence of 20 bar of H2 at 170-230 °C, the hydroxyl ligand is lost when N4FeIIIOH is reduced to N4FeII, assisted by the H2 chemisorbed on the support. When an alcohol binds to the tetracoordinated FeII sites, homolytic cleavage of the O-H bond is accompanied by reoxidation to FeIII and H atom transfer to the support. The role of the N-C support in catalytic hydrogenolysis is analogous to the behavior of chemically and redox-non-innocent ligands in molecular catalysts based on first-row transition metal ions and enhances the ability of M-N-Cs to achieve the types of multistep activations of strong bonds needed to upgrade renewable and recycled feedstocks.

General Synthetic Strategy to Ordered Mesoporous Carbon Catalysts with Single-Atom Metal Sites for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction.

The electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2 RR) is a transformative technology to reduce the carbon footprint of modern society. Single-site catalysts have been demonstrated as promising catalysts for CO2 RR, but general synthetic methods for catalysts with high surface area and tunable single-site metal composition still need to be developed to unambiguously investigate the structure-activity relationship crossing various metal sites. Here, a generalized coordination-condensation strategy is reported to prepare single-atom metal sites on ordered mesoporous carbon (OMC) with high surface areas (average 800 m2  g-1 ). This method is applicable to a broad range of metal sites (Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Pt, Pd, Ru, and Rh) with loadings up to 4 wt.%. In particular, the CO2 RR to carbon monoxide (CO) Faradaic efficiency (FE) with Ni single-site OMC catalyst reaches 95%. This high FE is maintained even under large current density (>140 mA cm-2 ) and in a long-term study (14 h), which suits the urgently needed large-scale applications. Theoretical calculations suggest that the enhanced activity on single-atom Ni sites results from balanced binding energies between key intermediates, COOH and CO, for CO2 RR, as mediated by the coordination sphere.

[Pathogenesis of Psoriatic Pruritus].

Pruritus is a common symptom of most primary skin diseases and some systemic diseases. Despite the high incidence of pruritus in patients with psoriasis,the specific pathogenesis is complex and unclear. The occurrence and development of skin pruritus in psoriasis patients involve the joint participation of nervous,immune,endocrine,and vascular systems.This article reviews the mediators related to the pathogenesis of pruritus in psoriasis,aiming to improve the understanding of itching symptoms and the treatment of pruritus.

Integrated analysis of the responses of a circRNA-miRNA-mRNA ceRNA network to heat stress in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) liver.

BACKGROUND: With the intensification of global warming, rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) suffer from varying degrees of thermal stimulation, leads to mass mortality, which severely restrict the development of aquaculture. Understanding the molecular regulatory mechanisms of rainbow trout under heat stress is useful to develop approaches to relieve symptoms. RESULTS: Changes in nonspecific immune parameters revealed that a strong stress response was caused in rainbow trout at 24 °C, so we performed multiple transcriptomic analyses of rainbow trout liver under heat stress (HS, 24 °C) and control conditions (CG, 18 °C). A total of 324 DEcircRNAs, 105 DEmiRNAs, and 1885 DEmRNAs were identified. A ceRNA regulatory network was constructed and a total of 301 circRNA-miRNA and 51 miRNA-mRNA negative correlation pairs were screened, and three regulatory correlation pairs were predicted: novel_circ_003889 - novel-m0674-3p - hsp90ab1, novel_circ_002325 - miR-18-y - HSPA13 and novel_circ_002446 - novel-m0556-3p - hsp70. Some target genes involved in metabolic processes, biological regulation or response to stimulus were highly induced at high temperatures. Several important pathways involved in heat stress were characterized, such as protein processing in the ER, the estrogen signaling pathway, and the HIF-1 signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS: These results extend our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of the heat stress response and provide novel insight for the development of strategies that relieve heat stress.

Associations of spicy food flavour and intake frequency with blood lipid levels and risk of abnormal serum lipid levels in Chinese rural population: a cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the current study was to investigate associations between spicy food intake and serum lipids levels in Chinese rural population. DESIGN: Information on spicy food flavour and intake frequency was obtained using a two-item questionnaire survey. Dietary data were collected using a validated thirteen-item FFQ. Fasting blood samples were collected and measured for total cholesterol (TC), TAG, HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol. Multivariate linear and logistic regression models were employed to examine the relationship between spicy food and serum lipids levels according to the spicy food flavour and intake frequency, respectively. SETTING: A cross-sectional study in Henan Province. PARTICIPANTS: 38 238 participants aged 18-79 years old. RESULTS: Spicy flavour and intake frequency were consistently associated with decreased TC and non-HDL-cholesterol levels but mildly associated with elevated TAG levels. Each level increment in spicy flavour was inversely associated with high TC (OR: 0·91; 95 % CI 0·88, 0·93) and high non-HDL-cholesterol (OR: 0·88; 95 % CI 0·85, 0·91) but positively associated with high TAG (OR: 1·04; 95 % CI 1·01, 1·07). Similarly, 1-d increment in spicy food intake frequency was also inversely associated with high TC (OR: 0·92; 95 % CI 0·91, 0·94) and high non-HDL-cholesterol (OR: 0·91; 95 % CI 0·89, 0·93) but positively associated with high TAG (OR: 1·04; 95 % CI 1·02, 1·06). CONCLUSIONS: Spicy food intake was mildly associated with increased risk of abnormal TAG level, significantly associated with decreased risk of abnormal TC and non-HDL levels. Spicy food intake may be contribute to the management of lipid levels.

Associations between depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, their comorbidity and health-related quality of life: a large-scale cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: There were few studies exploring the associations between depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in the general population, especially in resource limited area. The aims of this study were to assess the associations between depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, their comorbidity and HRQoL in rural area. METHODS: A total of 23,496 eligible participants from Henan rural cohort were included. The Patient Health Questionnaire-2 (PHQ-2) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-2 (GAD-2) were employed to assess depressive and anxiety symptoms, respectively. HRQoL was measured via European Quality of Life Five Dimension Five Level Scale (EQ-5D-5L). Tobit regression and generalized linear model were utilized to explore the associations between depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, their comorbidity and HRQoL. RESULTS: A total of 1320 individuals were identified as depressive symptoms with a prevalence rate of 5.62%, while 1198 participants were classified as anxiety symptoms with a prevalence rate of 5.10%. After multiple adjustment, the regression coefficients (ß) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of utility index for depressive and anxiety symptoms were - 0.166 (- 0.182, - 0.149) and - 0.132 (- 0.149, - 0.114), respectively. The ß and 95% CI of VAS score for depressive and anxiety symptoms were - 7.65 (- 8.60, - 6.70) and - 5.79 (- 6.78, - 4.80), respectively. Additionally, the comorbidity was strongly associated with low utility index and VAS score. These findings were observed robustly in men and women. CONCLUSION: Depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms and their comorbidity were associated with low HRQoL in rural population, which needed further efforts on preventive and treatment interventions. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: The Henan Rural Cohort Study has been registered at Chinese Clinical Trial Register (Registration number: ChiCTR-OOC-15006699 ). Date of registration: 06 July, 2015.

Long-term exposure to ambient PM1 strengthened the association of depression/anxiety symptoms with poor sleep quality: The Henan Rural Cohort study.

Evidence from numerous epidemiological studies for the relationship between mental disorder and sleep quality was inconclusive and few studies assessed the modification effect of exposure to ambient air PM1 (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤ 1.0 µm) on this association. In this study, 27,572 participants aged 18-79 years from The Henan Rural Cohort study were included in the final analyses. The Patient Health Questionnaire-2 (PHQ-2) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-2 (GAD-2) scales were used to estimate the frequency of depression and anxiety symptoms of all participants, respectively. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scale was used to assess night sleep quality and PSQI global score (GSC) ≥ 6 was classified as poor sleep quality. The three-year average exposure concentration of PM1 before the baseline survey was determined as long-term exposure concentration of ambient PM1. Logistic regression model was conducted to estimate the independent or joint effect of depression/anxiety symptoms and ambient PM1 exposure on poor sleep quality. In the adjusted models, the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) of poor sleep quality associated with depression and anxiety symptoms were 3.75 (3.37, 4.17) and 3.42 (3.06, 3.81), respectively, and that associated with long-term exposure to PM1 was 1.06 (1.03, 1.09). An interaction effect was observed between anxiety symptoms score and PM1 concentration on poor sleep quality. With the increment of PM1 concentration, the association was strengthened between depression/anxiety symptoms and poor sleep quality. Besides, compared with the reference group, the ORs (95% CIs) of poor sleep quality in those with comorbidity of depression and anxiety symptoms were 4.98 (3.95, 6.29), 5.23 (3.98, 6.87), 5.76 (4.42, 7.49), and 5.58 (3.83, 8.14), respectively, from the first to the fourth quartile level of the PM1 concentration. These findings suggested that long-term exposure to PM1 strengthened the association of depression/anxiety symptoms with poor sleep quality in rural China.

miR-434 and miR-242 have a potential role in heat stress response in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are being extensively studied as they function as key metabolic regulators which play a role in the heat stress response. However, the role of miRNAs in heat stress remains uncertain and many new miRNAs have not yet been discovered. In a previous study, we performed high-throughput sequencing of differentially expressed miRNAs identified on exposing rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to heat stress (18 vs. 24°C), which led to the identification of two novel miRNAs, temporarily named novel miR-434 and -242. The differential expression level of these miRNAs was extremely significant (P < 0.01); we analysed target gene mRNA transcripts by bioinformatics software (miRanda). We found novel miR-434 and -242 were predicted to regulate the transcripts of heat shock 70-kDa protein 4-like (HSPA4L) and calreticulin (CRT), respectively, by bioinformatics software. Here our core objective was to validate if HSPA4L and CRT are indeed the target genes of novel miR-434 and -242, respectively, and for this purpose we used the dual-luciferase reporter assay system. Target gene sequences were synthesized and cloned into a dual-luciferase vector. To better understand the function of the target genes, we combined the previous sequencing results of Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis. We found that novel miR-434 regulated HSPA4L expression by binding to a putative binding site in the 3'-UTR of HSPA4L, and luciferase activity inhibition was observed. In contrast, novel miR-242 was not involved in regulating CRT expression. To conclude, we believe our results should serve as a foundation for future studies aiming to comprehensively understand the mechanisms used by rainbow trout to cope with heat stress.

[Effects of Air Pollutants on Outpatient Visits for Atopic Dermatitis in Lanzhou].

Objective To quantitatively evaluate the associations of PM2.5,PM10,NO2,and SO2 concentrations with the outpatient visits for atopic dermatitis in Lanzhou. Methods The data of outpatient visits,together with meteorological data and air pollutant data,from January 2013 to December 2017 were collected.The generalized additive model based on Poisson distribution was employed to study the lag effects of PM2.5,PM10,NO2,and SO2 concentrations on the visits of outpatients,with the seasonal and long-term trends and day-of-the-week effect controlled. Results The results of the single pollutant model showed that PM2.5 and PM10 had the most obvious while still insignificant impact on the outpatient visits for atopic dermatitis on the current day(lag0).NO2 also had the most obvious impact in the case of lag0 and showed a lag effect.For each 10 µg/m3 increase in NO2 concentration,the excess risk(ER)of outpatient visits for atopic dermatitis was 1.95%(95% CI=1.09%-2.82%,P=0.01).SO2 had the most significant effect on lag6,and the outpatient visits increased by 1.55%(95% CI=0.48%-2.54%)for every 10 µg/m3 rise in SO2 concentration(P=0.02).Females were more sensitive to PM10 and SO2 than males.For every 10 µg/m3 increase in PM10 and SO2,the female outpatient visits increased by 0.02% and 2.47%,respectively.Males were sensitive to PM2.5 and NO2,and the every 10 µg/m3 rise in PM2.5 and NO2 increased male outpatient visits by 0.47% and 1.78%,respectively.Gaseous pollutants(NO2 and SO2)had more significant effect on people ≤2 years old than on those of other ages.Every 10 µg/m3 rise in NO2 and SO2 would increase the ≤2-year-old outpatient visits by 2.35% and 1.57%,respectively(P=0.02).People of 13-59 years old were sensitive to NO2 concentration,and every 10 µg/m3 rise in NO2 concentration increased their visits by 1.39%.NO2 affected the outpatient visits during the cold and warm seasons,with the ER values of 2.35% and 1.89%,respectively(P=0.01).Particulate matter(PM2.5 and PM10)had the most obvious yet insignificant association with the outpatient visits in winter.The interactions between PM2.5 and NO2,between PM10 and NO2,and between SO2 and NO2 affected the total outpatient visits for atopic dermatitis.The results of double pollutant model showed that in the presence of PM2.5,PM10,or SO2,the effect of NO2 on the outpatient visits for atopic dermatitis enhanced compared with that predicted by single pollutant model(P=0.01). Conclusion The air pollutants(PM2.5,PM10,NO2,and SO2)in Lanzhou were closely related to the outpatient visits for atopic dermatitis,and the increased concentrations of NO2 and SO2 was more likely to increase the risk of atopic dermatitis.

[Effects of Temperature on Outpatient Visits for Urticaria among Lanzhou Residents Based on Distributed Lag Non-linear Model].

Objective To evaluate the influence of temperature on the outpatient visits for urticaria in Lanzhou City and its hysteresis and to find out the sensitive populations by sex and age stratification.Methods We collected the urticaria outpatient data in three grade A class three hospitals as well as the meteorological data and air pollutant data in Lanzhou from January 2011 to December 2017.The distributed lag non-linear model(DLNM)was employed to analyze the influence of daily mean temperature on the outpatient visits for urticaria.Stratification analysis was performed for different age groups(0-14,15-59,≥60 years)and different sex populations.Results Temperature had a non-linear relationship with the outpatient visits for urticaria,and there existed hysteresis.During the research period,the average daily outpatient visits for urticaria at the three hospitals in Lanzhou was 25,ranging from 1 to 76.With the rise in the daily mean temperature within 0-10 ℃,the risk of outpatient visits for urticaria first increased and then decreased.When the daily mean temperature was 2 ℃,hysteresis occurred on the 18th day,and the relative risk(RR)reached the maximum(1.12,95% CI:1.04-1.20)at the lag of 21 days.The risk of urticaria increased with the rise in temperature at high temperature.In addition,the effect of high temperature on the outpatient visits for urticaria in Lanzhou presented hysteresis,and the hysteresis was more obvious at higher temperatures.At the lag of 21 days,when the temperatures were 19.9 ℃ and 25.5 ℃,the RR values were 1.20(95% CI:1.12-1.27)and 1.39(95% CI:1.31-1.48),respectively.The results of stratified analysis showed that the effect of high temperature was more sensitive for those of 0-14 years and 15-59 years as well as the female population,and the RR values at a lag of 21 days were 1.60(95% CI:1.45-1.71),1.34(95% CI:1.25-1.43),and 1.43(95% CI:1.33-1.53)for the population of 0-14 years,the population of 15-59 years,and female population,respectively.Low temperature mainly affected the people aged ≥60 years,with a maximum RR of 1.38(95% CI:1.03-1.85)when the daily mean temperature was -4.8 ℃ at a lag of 12 days.It did not affect other populations.Conclusions The daily mean temperature in Lanzhou share a close relationship with the outpatient visits for urticaria.High temperature will increase the risk of urticaria for people at the age of 0-14 years and 15-59 years,while low temperature will increase the risk of urticaria for people above 60 years.

Fruit and vegetable intake modifies the associations between suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 genetic variants and type 2 diabetes.

PURPOSE: Type 2 diabetes is a complex disease determined by variable genes and environmental factors. The study was designed to investigate the effect of interactions of four polymorphisms of suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) with fruit and vegetable (F&V) intake on type 2 diabetes in a rural population of China. METHODS: A total of 4411 participants from the rural areas of Henan, China were included in the study. Multivariate logistic regression and restricted cubic splines were used to estimate the associations between polymorphisms and risk allele score of SOCS3 and type 2 diabetes in different groups. Haplotype analysis was conducted to examine the effects of linkage inheritance at these four loci on type 2 diabetes. RESULTS: Three of the four polymorphisms showed significant associations with type 2 diabetes in the less F&V intake group after adjusting the covariates, the odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were 1.24 (1.08-1.41) for rs4969168, 1.16 (1.02-1.32) for rs9892622, and 1.21 (1.06-1.39) for rs9914220. No significant association was detected in the more F&V intake group. The obvious dose-response relationship between the risk allele score and type 2 diabetes was also noted only in the less F&V intake group. CONCLUSIONS: Variants of SOCS3 gene were associated with type 2 diabetes and the associations could be modified by the F&V intake.

Association of long-term exposure to ambient air pollutants with prolonged sleep latency: The Henan Rural Cohort Study.

BACKGROUND: Prolonged sleep latency is associated with far-reaching public health consequences. Although evidence about the effect of air pollution on sleep problem has been shown, the effect on sleep latency remained unknown. The study aimed to analyze the association between long-term exposure to air pollution and prolonged sleep latency in rural China. METHODS: In all, 27935 participants were included in the study from Henan Rural Cohort Study. A satellite-based spatiotemporal model was used to evaluate the 3-year average concentration of air pollutants at the home address of participants before the baseline survey. Air pollutants included NO2 (nitrogen dioxide), PM1 (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters ≤1 µm), PM2.5 (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters ≤ 2.5 µm), and PM10 (particulate matter with aerodynamic diametes ≤ 10 µm). A logistic regression model was conducted to assess the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) between air pollutants and prolonged sleep latency. RESULTS: There were 5825 (20.85%) participants with prolonged sleep latency. The average concentration of NO2, PM1, PM2.5, and PM10 were 38.22 (2.54) µg/m3, 56.29 (1.75) µg/m3, 72.30 (1.87) µg/m3, and 130.01 (4.58) µg/m3. The odds ratio (95%CI) of prolonged sleep latency with an IQR increase of NO2, PM1, PM2.5, and PM10 were 1.59 (1.33-1.90), 1.23 (1.13-1.33), 1.28 (1.13-1.45) and 1.43 (1.22-1.67). The stratified analysis showed the effect of air pollutants was stronger among those with stroke. CONCLUSION: Long-term exposure to NO2, PM1, PM2.5 and PM10 were associated with prolonged sleep latency. The adverse impact of air pollution should be considered when treating sleep problems.

Long-term exposure to air pollution might increase prevalence of osteoporosis in Chinese rural population.

OBJECTIVES: The associations of long-term exposure to air pollution with osteoporosis are rarely reported, especially in rural China. This study aimed to explore the association among rural Chinese population. METHODS: A total of 8033 participants (18-79 years) derived from the Henan Rural Cohort Study (n = 39,259) were included in this cross-sectional study. Exposure to air pollutants was estimated using machine learning algorithms with satellite remote sensing, land use information, and meteorological data [including particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters ≤1.0 µm (PM1), ≤2.5 µm (PM2.5), and ≤10 µm (PM10), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2)]. The bone mineral density of each individual was measured by using ultrasonic bone density apparatus and osteoporosis was defined based on the T-score ≤ -2.5. Multiple logistic regression models were used to examine the association of air pollution and osteoporosis prevalence. RESULTS: We observed that per 1 µg/m3 increase in PM1, PM2.5, PM10 and NO2 were associated with a 14.9%, 14.6%, 7.3%, and 16.5% elevated risk of osteoporosis. Compared with individuals in the first quartile, individuals in the fourth quartile had higher odds ratio (OR) of osteoporosis (P-trend < 0.001), the ORs (95% confidence interval) were 2.08 (1.72, 2.50) for PM1, 2.28 (1.90, 2.74) for PM2.5, 1.93 (1.60, 2.32) for PM10, and 2.02 (1.68, 2.41) for NO2. It was estimated that 20.29%-24.36% of osteoporosis cases could be attributable to air pollution in the rural population from China. CONCLUSIONS: Long-term exposure to air pollutants were positively associated with high-risk of osteoporosis, indicated that improving air quality may be beneficial to improve rural residents health.

Long-term effects of ambient air pollutants on suicidal ideation in China: The Henan Rural Cohort Study.

BACKGROUND: The association between ambient air pollutants exposure and suicidal ideation (SI) has rarely been explored, especially in Chinese population. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the long-term effects of ambient air pollutants on SI among a Chinese rural population. METHOD: We recruited 29997 participants from the Henan Rural Cohort study in 2016-2017. SI was evaluated by using the ninth item of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) in the baseline survey. We adopted a satellite-based spatiotemporal model to estimate participants' exposure to particulate matters (PMs) (PM with an aerodynamic diameter ≤1 µm (PM1), ≤2.5 µm (PM2.5) or ≤10 µm (PM10), respectively) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and then calculated the 3-year average concentrations of the four pollutants. We used logistic regression models to explore the association between long-term exposure to ambient air pollutants and SI. In addition, we conducted several stratified analyses to examine effect modification of selected factors. RESULTS: The odds ratios (95% confidence intervals [CI]) of SI in response to each 1 µg/m3 increase in PM1, PM2.5, PM10 and NO2 concentrations were 1.08 (1.01, 1.15), 1.10 (1.02, 1.19), 1.05 (1.01, 1.09) and 1.12 (1.04, 1.21), respectively. Individuals exposed to PM1, PM2.5, PM10 or NO2 concentrations in the fourth quartile had a 1.36-fold (95%CI: 1.08, 1.72), 1.69-fold (95%CI: 1.05, 2.72), 1.49-fold (95%CI: 1.09, 2.05) or 1.71-fold (95%CI: 1.15, 2.85) risks of SI, compared to the ones with corresponding air pollutants in the first quartile. Besides, the risks of SI increased with the quartiles of air pollutants (PM1: Ptrend = 0.002, PM2.5: Ptrend = 0.003, PM10: Ptrend = 0.010, NO2: Ptrend = 0.010). Stratified analyses suggested that males, highly educated participants, ever-drinkers and people aged range 36-64 years were more vulnerable to the adverse effects of air pollutants. CONCLUSIONS: This study provided evidence for the long-term effects of ambient PMs and NO2 on SI in rural Chinese adults, particularly for males, highly educated participants, ever-drinkers and people aged range 36-64 years.

Associations of SRD5A1 gene variants and testosterone with dysglycemia: Henan Rural Cohort study.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Multiple studies support a complex relationship between testosterone and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and the transformation of testosterone is affected by several reductases. Thus, we aimed to explore the associations of steroid-5α-reductase type 1 (SRD5A1) gene polymorphism with impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and T2DM and the interactive effects of testosterone and genotypes on glycometabolism. METHODS AND RESULTS: A case-control study including 2365 participants was performed. Genomic DNA was extracted from the whole blood and genotyped for the SRD5A1 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) rs1691053. Multivariable logistic regression and linear regression were performed to estimate the associations of SRD5A1 rs1691053 alleles and genotypes with glycometabolism. Generalized linear models were used to investigate the modulatory effects of serum testosterone on glycometabolism indexes in males. After multivariable adjustment, the odds ratio (OR) of homozygous CC genotypes in male carriers was 2.62 (95%CI: 1.11-6.18) for IFG. Furthermore, significant associations of SRD5A1 rs1691053 polymorphisms with adverse indices of glycometabolism were observed in males. Interestingly, the opposite associations in females were observed. The interactive associations of SNP and testosterone were found and mutations were more likely to lead unfavorable metabolic phenotypes. CONCLUSION: These results showed that SRD5A1 rs1691053 gene polymorphism was independently associated with glycometabolism. The interaction between a genetic polymorphism from SRD5A1 and testosterone involved glycometabolism was identified in males. Although this preliminary data should be replicated with other rigorous researches, it highlighted the importance of the SNP-testosterone interaction over the present of glycometabolism.

Age and gender specific association between obesity and depressive symptoms: a large-scale cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: This is a cross-sectional study to explore the age and gender specific association between obesity and depression in Chinese rural adults. METHODS: A total of 29,900 eligible participants from the Henan Rural Cohort Study were included. Standard anthropometric measurements were undertaken to obtain data on body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC). The Patient Health Questionnaire-2 (PHQ-2) was utilized to discover depressive symptoms. Logistic regression was performed to explore the association between obesity (independent variable) and depressive symptoms (dependent variable). RESULTS: There were 1777 subjects with depressive symptoms, accounting for 5.94%. After multivariable adjustment, compared with normal weight group, the odds ratios (ORs) [95% confidence interval (CI)] for depressive symptoms in underweight, overweight and general obese groups were 1.41 (1.08-1.84), 0.87 (0.78-0.97) and 0.86 (0.74-0.99), respectively. Similarly, the OR (95% CI) of abdominal obesity group was 0.84 (0.76-0.93). Besides, there was linear decreasing trend of WC with depressive symptoms, but not BMI. Moreover, the inverse association between obesity and depressive symptoms was stronger in men and the elderly than that in women and the young. CONCLUSION: Underweight was associated with a higher prevalence of depressive symptoms, which indicated that health care should pay attention to underweight as well as obesity, especially for women and the young. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: The Henan Rural Cohort Study has been registered at Chinese Clinical Trial Register (Registration number: ChiCTR-OOC-15006699 ). Date of registration: 2015-07-06.

Dose-response association of sleep quality with anxiety symptoms in Chinese rural population: the Henan rural cohort.

BACKGROUND: The epidemiological evidence on the association of sleep quality on anxiety symptoms has been inconclusive. This study aimed to explore the association between sleep quality and anxiety symptoms in rural Chinese population and investigate whether age, lifestyles, and chronic diseases modified this association. METHODS: A total of 27,911 participants aged 18-79 years from the Henan Rural Cohort Study were included in the study. Sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scale. Poor sleep quality was defined as PSQI ≥6. Anxiety symptoms were evaluated with the two-item generalized anxiety disorder scale (GAD-2). Individual with score ≥ 3 was viewed as having anxiety symptoms. Logistic regression and restricted cubic spline were conducted to examine the association of sleep quality with anxiety symptoms. RESULTS: Altogether, 6087 (21.80%) participants were poor sleepers and 1557 (5.58%) had anxiety symptoms. The odds of anxiety were increased with increment of PSQI score after fitting restricted cubic splines. The poor sleep quality was associated with a higher possibility of anxiety symptoms [odd ratio (OR): 4.60, 95% confidence interval (CI): 3.70-5.72] in men, and (OR: 3.56, 95% CI: 3.10-4.09) in women for multivariable analysis. Further, stratified analyses showed that the effect of sleep quality on anxiety symptoms could be modified by age, marital status, smoking status, drinking status, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. CONCLUSIONS: A dose-response association between PSQI score and anxiety symptoms was found. In addition, the relationship between poor sleep quality and greater anxiety symptoms was observed in this rural population, especially in participants aged ≥60 years and those with unhealthy habits or had a chronic disease. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The trial was prospectively registered on July 6, 2015 and available online at ClinicalTrials.gov ID: ChiCTR-OOC-15006699 .

Mediation effect of body mass index on the association between spicy food intake and hyperuricemia in rural Chinese adults: the Henan rural cohort study.

BACKGROUND: The relationship of spicy food intake with hyperuricemia remains unknown. The objective of this study was to examine the association between spicy food intake and hyperuricemia, and whether this association was mediated by body mass index (BMI) in Chinese rural population. METHODS: 38, 027 adults aged 18-79 years were recruited from the Henan Rural Cohort Study. Information on spicy food intake was obtained using a validated questionnaire survey. Multivariable logistic regression model was used to estimate the association between spicy food intake and hyperuricemia, multiple linear regression model was performed to estimate the relationships between spicy food intake, BMI and serum urate level. BMI was used as a mediator to evaluate the mediation effect. RESULTS: After adjusting for potential confounders, compared with no spicy food flavor, the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of mild, middle, and heavy flavor for hyperuricemia were 1.09 (1.00-1.19), 1.10 (0.97-1.24), and 1.21 (1.10-1.46), respectively (Ptrend = 0.017). Similarly, compared with those without intake in spicy food, the multivariable adjusted OR (95% CI) of 1-2 days/week, 3-5 days/week, and 6-7 days/week were 1.15 (1.01-1.31), 1.14 (1.01-1.30) and 1.15 (1.05-1.26), respectively (Ptrend = 0.007). However, when we further controlling for BMI, the associations were substantially attenuated. Furthermore, mediation analysis showed that BMI play a full mediating role in the relationship of spicy food intake with hyperuricemia. CONCLUSION: Spicy food flavor and intake frequency are positively related with hyperuricemia in Chinese rural population. BMI may play a full mediating role in the relationship. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The Henan Rural Cohort Study registered at Chinese Clinical Trial Register (Registration number: ChiCTR-OOC-15006699 ). Date of registration: 2015-07-06.

[Insulin Resistance and Skin Diseases].

Insulin resistance refers to a pathological condition in which cells fail to respond sufficiently to insulin,leading to impaired glucose uptake and utilization. In recent years,some skin diseases have been found to be associated with metabolic syndrome,and insulin resistance is considered to be the most important pathophysiological feature of the metabolic syndrome. Recent literatures have described the role of insulin resistance in the pathogenesis of these skin diseases. This article elucidates the mechanisms of insulin resistance involved in skin diseases.

Association of serum testosterone with different classes of glucose metabolism and the mediation effect of obesity: The Henan Rural Cohort Study.

AIMS: We aimed to investigate the association of serum testosterone with impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and calculate the proportion explained by obesity status on the relationship. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A case-control study including 2775 participants was performed. Serum testosterone was quantified by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Conditional logistic regression and multivariable linear regression were performed to estimate the relationships between testosterone and different glucose status. Waist circumference (WC) was used as a mediator to estimate the mediation effect. RESULTS: After adjusting for multiple variables, serum testosterone levels were negatively associated with T2DM in males (per 1 unit natural log-transformed, odd ratio (OR) = 0.73, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.56, 0.96; Tertile 3 vs Tertile 1, OR = 0.46, 95% CI:0.29, 0.72) while were positively in females (per 1 unit natural log-transformed, OR = 1.56, 95% CI:1.32, 1.84; Tertile 3 vs Tertile 1, OR = 3.55, 95% CI: 2.22, 5.66). In males, a higher testosterone tended to be associated with a lower fasting plasma glucose level and a weaker HOMA2-IR but a stronger HOMA2-ß. Opposite findings were observed in females. Furthermore, WC played a full and partial mediating role in the relationship between testosterone and IFG and T2DM both in males and females. CONCLUSION: Serum testosterone levels had opposite effects on IFG and T2DM in males and females. With higher serum testosterone levels, the dysglycemia progression was decreased among males while increased among females. In addition, WC played a full and partial mediating role in the relationship between testosterone and IFG and T2DM.