Crohn's disease in one mixed-race population in Brazil.

AIM: To evaluate the classification and severity of Crohn's disease in different racial groups. METHODS: Patients with Crohn's disease from the outpatient clinic of the University Hospital Prof. Edgard Santos were enrolled in the study. This hospital is a reference centre for inflammatory bowel disease. Race was determined using self-identification. The Vienna's classification was applied for all subjects. The severity of Crohn's disease was determined according to the number of surgical procedures, hospital admissions in the last year and treatment with steroids and immunosuppressors. Statistical analysis was calculated using t test for means, chi2 or F for proportions. A P value < 0.05 was considered to be significant. RESULTS: Sixty-five patients were enrolled. Non-white patients were more frequently diagnosed with Crohn's disease in the age less than 40 years than white patients. The behaviour of disease was similar in both groups with a high frequency of the penetrating form. There was a tendency for non-white patients to have a greater frequency of hospital admissions in the last year compared to white subjects. Non-whites also had a higher rate of colonic and upper gastrointestinal involvement, and were also more frequently on treatment with immunossupressors than white patients although this difference was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Non-white patients with Crohn's disease had an earlier diagnosis and appeared to have had a more severe disease presentation than white patients.

Feasibility and safety of autologous bone marrow mononuclear cell transplantation in patients with advanced chronic liver disease.

AIM: To evaluate the safety and feasibility of bone marrow cell (BMC) transplantation in patients with chronic liver disease on the waiting list for liver transplantation. METHODS: Ten patients (eight males) with chronic liver disease were enrolled to receive infusion of autologous bone marrow-derived cells. Seven patients were classified as Child-Pugh B and three as Child-Pugh C. Baseline assessment included complete clinical and laboratory evaluation and abdominal MRI. Approximately 50 mL of bone marrow aspirate was prepared by centrifugation in a ficoll-hypaque gradient. At least of 100 millions of mononuclear-enriched BMCs were infused into the hepatic artery using the routine technique for arterial chemoembolization for liver tumors. Patients were followed up for adverse events up to 4 mo. RESULTS: The median age of the patients was 52 years (range 24-70 years). All patients were discharged 48 h after BMC infusion. Two patients complained of mild pain at the bone marrow needle puncture site. No other complications or specific side effects related to the procedure were observed. Bilirubin levels were lower at 1 (2.19 +/- 0.9) and 4 mo (2.10 +/- 1.0) after cell transplantation that baseline levels (2.78 +/- 1.2). Albumin levels 4 mo after BMC infusion (3.73 +/- 0.5) were higher than baseline levels (3.47 +/- 0.5). International normalized ratio (INR) decreased from 1.48 (SD = 0.23) to 1.43 (SD = 0.23) one month after cell transplantation. CONCLUSION: BMC infusion into hepatic artery of patients with advanced chronic liver disease is safe and feasible. In addition, a decrease in mean serum bilirubin and INR levels and an increase in albumin levels are observed. Our data warrant further studies in order to evaluate the effect of BMC transplantation in patients with advanced chronic liver disease.

Clinical and epidemiological features of patients with chronic hepatitis C co-infected with HIV.

UNLABELLED: Co-infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is increasingly common and affects the clinical course of chronic hepatitis C. Highly active antiretroviral therapy has improved the life expectancy of HIV infected patients, but, by extending survival, it permits the development of HCV cirrhosis. This study tried to evaluate clinical and epidemiological features of patients with chronic hepatitis C co-infected with HIV. We evaluated 134 HCV-infected patients: i) group A-- 65 co-infected HCV/HIV patients, ii) group B-- 69 mono-infected HCV patients. The impact of HIV infection on HCV liver disease was analyzed using Child's score, ultrasound findings and liver histology. Patients were subjected to HCV genotyping and anti-HBs dosage. Patients mean age was 42.4 years (+/-9.1) and 97 (72.4%) were males. Injected drug use and homo/bisexual practice were more frequently encountered in the co-infected group: 68.3% and 78.0%, respectively. Antibodies against hepatitis B virus (anti-HBs) were found in only 38.1% of the patients (66.7% group A x 33.3% group B). Ten out of 14 individuals (71.4%) who had liver disease (Child B or C) and 25 out of 34 (73.5%) who showed ultrasound evidence of chronic liver disease were in the co-infection group. HCV genotype-2/3 was more frequently encountered in co-infected patients (36.9% group A vs. 21.8% group B). CONCLUSIONS: a) HIV infection seems to adversely affect the clinical course of chronic hepatitis C, b) injected drug use, bi/homosexual practice and genotype-2/3 were more frequently encountered in co-infected patients, c) immunization against HBV should be encouraged in these patients.

Daily interferon induction regimen using different manufactured interferons (alpha-2A or alpha-2B) in combination with ribavirin for treatment of chronic hepatitis C: a prospective randomized study.

BACKGROUND: [corrected] Studies on hepatitis C virus kinetics showed that serum levels of interferon fall 48 h after drug administration, when viral load is increasing again. Previously to the availability of pegylated interferon, daily induction therapy with standard interferon was under evaluation. AIMS: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of interferon alpha daily induction regimen in combination with ribavirin. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A randomized trial including 93 patients with chronic hepatitis C was carried out. On satisfying all eligibility criteria, patients were randomly allocated to two different treatment groups: 44 individuals in treatment arm A: IFN 3 MU thrice weekly + ribavirin 1.0-1.2 g daily for 48 weeks (IFN TIW) and 49 individuals in treatment arm B: IFN 3 MU daily + ribavirin 1.0-1.2 g daily for 12 weeks followed by IFN 3 MU thrice weekly + ribavirin 1.0-1.2 g daily, until completion of 48 weeks of therapy (IFN QD). HCV genotyping was obtained in 85 subjects. A negative HCV-RNA 6 months after cessation of therapy was considered a sustained virological response RESULTS: Eighty three patients completed treatment, five dropped out (one from IFN TIW and four from IFN QD) and in five patients therapy was discontinued due to medical request (two from IFN TIW and three from IFN QD). There was no statistically significant difference between groups with respect to therapy interruption. The frequency of cirrhosis was 29%, similar in both groups. In the "intention to treat" analysis the overall sustained virological response was 39.8%. There was no significant difference in sustained virological response rate between both treatment strategies (36.4% IFN TIW vs 42.9% IFN QD). In the 83 patients who finished the trial, sustained virological response was 44.6%. Among subjects with HCV genotype-1, the sustained virological response was 42% (40.9% IFN TIW vs 42.9% IFN QD) and among patients with HCV genotype 2 or 3, the sustained virological response was 55.6% (50% IFN TIW vs 63.6% IFN QD) CONCLUSIONS: Combination therapy had an overall sustained virological response rate of 39.8% ("intention to treat analysis"). There was no difference with respect to sustained virological response rates between patients who used daily induction schedule compared to standard regimen. Adverse events, even more frequent in the daily induction group, did not interfere with the treatment strategies.

Myxovirus resistance, osteopontin and suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 polymorphisms predict hepatitis C virus therapy response in an admixed patient population: comparison with IL28B.

OBJECTIVES: Suppressor of cytokine signaling 3, myxovirus resistance protein and osteopontin gene polymorphisms may influence the therapeutic response in patients with chronic hepatitis C, and an association with IL28 might increase the power to predict sustained virologic response. Our aims were to evaluate the association between myxovirus resistance protein, osteopontin and suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 gene polymorphisms in combination with IL28B and to assess the therapy response in hepatitis C patients treated with pegylated-interferon plus ribavirin. METHOD: Myxovirus resistance protein, osteopontin, suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 and IL28B polymorphisms were analyzed by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism, direct sequencing and real-time PCR. Ancestry was determined using genetic markers. RESULTS: We analyzed 181 individuals, including 52 who were sustained virologic responders. The protective genotype frequencies among the sustained virologic response group were as follows: the G/G suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (rs4969170) (62.2%); T/T osteopontin (rs2853744) (60%); T/T osteopontin (rs11730582) (64.3%); and the G/T myxovirus resistance protein (rs2071430) genotype (54%). The patients who had ≥3 of the protective genotypes from the myxovirus resistance protein, the suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 and osteopontin had a greater than 90% probability of achieving a sustained response (p<0.0001). The C/C IL28B genotype was present in 58.8% of the subjects in this group. The sustained virological response rates increased to 85.7% and 91.7% by analyzing C/C IL28B with the T/T osteopontin genotype at rs11730582 and the G/G suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 genotype, respectively. Genetic ancestry analysis revealed an admixed population. CONCLUSION: Hepatitis C genotype 1 patients who were responders to interferon-based therapy had a high frequency of multiple protective polymorphisms in the myxovirus resistance protein, osteopontin and suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 genes. The combined analysis of the suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 and IL28B genotypes more effectively predicted sustained virologic response than IL28B analysis alone.

Infusion of autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells through hepatic artery results in a short-term improvement of liver function in patients with chronic liver disease: a pilot randomized controlled study.

AIM: This randomized controlled study evaluated the effect of autologous infusion of bone marrow cells (BMC) in patients with hepatic cirrhosis. METHODS: Thirty patients on the liver transplant waiting list were randomly assigned to receive BMC therapy or no treatment. They were followed up for 1 year. The study was nonblinded. Autologous mononuclear-enriched BMC were infused into the hepatic artery; liver function scores/tests were chosen as endpoints to assess efficacy. Statistical analysis calculated mean relative changes (RC) from baseline and fitted a random-effects model. RESULTS: Mean age, baseline model for end-stage liver disease, and Child-Pugh score were similar in both groups. Child-Pugh score improved in the first 90 days in the cell therapy group compared with controls (P = 0.017, BMC group RC = -8%, controls RC = +5%). The model for end-stage liver disease score remained stable in the treated patients (RC -2 to +6%), whereas it increased during follow-up in the control group (RC +6 to +18%). Albumin levels improved in the treatment arm, whereas they remained stable among controls in the first 90 days (P = 0.034; BMC group RC = +16%, control group RC = +2%). Bilirubin levels increased among controls, whereas they decreased in the therapy arm during the first 60 days; INR RC differences between groups reached up to 10%. The changes observed did not persist beyond 90 days. CONCLUSION: Transplantation of autologous BMC into the hepatic artery improved liver function in patients with advanced cirrhosis in the first 90 days. However, larger studies are necessary to define the role of BMC therapy in cirrhotic patients. Repeated autologous BMC infusions or combination therapy with granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor might improve or sustain the treatment response.

Current status of stem cell therapy for liver diseases.

Liver failure is one of the main causes of death worldwide and is a growing health problem. Since the discovery of stem cell populations capable of differentiating into specialized cell types, including hepatocytes, the possibility of their utilization in the regeneration of the damaged liver has been a focus of intense investigation. A variety of cell types were tested both in vitro and in vivo, but the definition of a more suitable cell preparation for therapeutic use in each type of liver lesions is yet to be determined. Here we review the protocols described for differentiation of stem cells into hepatocytes, the results of cell therapy in animal models of liver diseases, as well as the available data of the clinical trials in patients with advanced chronic liver disease.

Myxovirus resistance, osteopontin and suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 polymorphisms predict hepatitis C virus therapy response in an admixed patient population: comparison with IL28B

OBJECTIVES: Suppressor of cytokine signaling 3, myxovirus resistance protein and osteopontin gene polymorphisms may influence the therapeutic response in patients with chronic hepatitis C, and an association with IL28 might increase the power to predict sustained virologic response. Our aims were to evaluate the association between myxovirus resistance protein, osteopontin and suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 gene polymorphisms in combination with IL28B and to assess the therapy response in hepatitis C patients treated with pegylated-interferon plus ribavirin. METHOD: Myxovirus resistance protein, osteopontin, suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 and IL28B polymorphisms were analyzed by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism, direct sequencing and real-time PCR. Ancestry was determined using genetic markers. RESULTS: We analyzed 181 individuals, including 52 who were sustained virologic responders. The protective genotype frequencies among the sustained virologic response group were as follows: the G/G suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (rs4969170) (62.2%); T/T osteopontin (rs2853744) (60%); T/T osteopontin (rs11730582) (64.3%); and the G/T myxovirus resistance protein (rs2071430) genotype (54%). The patients who had ≥3 of the protective genotypes from the myxovirus resistance protein, the suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 and osteopontin had a greater than 90% probability of achieving a sustained response (p<0.0001). The C/C IL28B genotype was present in 58.8% of the subjects in this group. The sustained virological response rates increased to 85.7% and 91.7% by analyzing C/C IL28B with the T/T osteopontin genotype at rs11730582 and the G/G suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 genotype, respectively. Genetic ancestry analysis revealed an admixed population. CONCLUSION: Hepatitis C genotype 1 patients who were responders to interferon-based therapy had a high frequency of multiple protective polymorphisms in the myxovirus ...

Distribution of hepatitis B virus genotypes among patients with chronic infection.

UNLABELLED: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) can be classified into at least eight genotypes, A-H. We evaluated the distribution HBV genotypes among patients with chronic infection. METHODS: We consecutively evaluated adult patients with chronic HBV infection from Salvador, Brazil. Patients were classified according to HBV infection chronic phases based on HBV-DNA levels and presence of serum HBV markers. HBV-DNA was qualitatively and quantitatively detected in serum by polymerised chain reaction (PCR). Isolates were genotyped by comparison of amino acid mutations and phylogenetic analysis. RESULTS: One-hundred and fourteen patients were evaluated. HBV-DNA was positive in 96 samples. HBV genotype was done in 76. Mean age was 36 +/- 11.3. In 61 of 76 cases subjects were classified as inactive HBsAg carriers. Their mean HBV serum level was 1760 copies/ml and 53 of 61 were infected with HBV genotype A, seven with HBV genotype F and one with genotype B. Twelve of the 76 patients had detectable hepatitis B e-antigen (HBeAg) in serum. Ten were infected with HBV genotype A and two with genotype F; most had increased alanine aminotransferase and high HBV-DNA levels. Three patients were in the immunotolerant phase, two were infected with HBV genotype A and one with genotype F. HBV subtyping showed subtypes adw2 and adw4. CONCLUSIONS: HBV genotype A adw2 and genotype F adw4 were the most prevalent isolates found. We could not find differences in genotype distribution according to HBV clinical phases and DNA levels. We did not detect HBV genotype D in contrast to a previous study in our center with acute hepatitis B. All inactive HBsAg carriers had low HBV-DNA levels.

Daily interferon induction regimen using different manufactured interferons (alpha-2a or alpha-2b) in combination with ribavirin for treatment of chronic hepatitis C: a prospective randomized study

BACKGROUD: Studies on hepatitis C virus kinetics showed that serum levels of interferon fall 48 h after drug administration, when viral load is increasing again. Previously to the availability of pegylated interferon, daily induction therapy with standard interferon was under evaluation. AIMS: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of interferon alpha daily induction regimen in combination with ribavirin. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A randomized trial including 93 patients with chronic hepatitis C was carried out. On satisfying all eligibility criteria, patients were randomly allocated to two different treatment groups: 44 individuals in treatment arm A: IFN 3 MU thrice weekly + ribavirin 1.0-1.2 g daily for 48 weeks (IFN TIW) and 49 individuals in treatment arm B: IFN 3 MU daily + ribavirin 1.0-1.2 g daily for 12 weeks followed by IFN 3 MU thrice weekly + ribavirin 1.0-1.2 g daily, until completion of 48 weeks of therapy (IFN QD). HCV genotyping was obtained in 85 subjects. A negative HCV-RNA 6 months after cessation of therapy was considered a sustained virological response RESULTS: Eighty three patients completed treatment, five dropped out (one from IFN TIW and four from IFN QD) and in five patients therapy was discontinued due to medical request (two from IFN TIW and three from IFN QD). There was no statistically significant difference between groups with respect to therapy interruption. The frequency of cirrhosis was 29 percent, similar in both groups. In the "intention to treat" analysis the overall sustained virological response was 39.8 percent. There was no significant difference in sustained virological response rate between both treatment strategies (36.4 percent IFN TIW vs 42.9 percent IFN QD). In the 83 patients who finished the trial, sustained virological response was 44.6 percent. Among subjects with HCV genotype-1, the sustained virological response was 42 percent (40.9 percent IFN TIW vs 42.9 percent IFN QD) and among patients...

RACIONAL: Estudos em cinética viral na hepatite C demonstraram que há uma queda dos níveis séricos de interferon 48 h após a sua administração, quando a carga viral do vírus C volta a se elevar. Antes da disponibilidade do interferon peguilado, diversos ensaios clínicos investigaram a terapia de indução com interferon standard OBJETIVOS: Avaliar a segurança e eficácia do esquema de indução diário com interferon alfa associado à ribavirina. PACIENTES E MÉTODOS: Noventa e três pacientes com hepatite crônica C foram incluídos. Através de randomização, foram alocados em um de dois braços terapêuticos: 44 indivíduos no grupo A: IFN 3MU três vezes por semana + ribavirina 1,0-1,2 g diariamente por 48 semanas e 49 indivíduos no grupo B: IFN 3MU diariamente por 12 semanas, seguindo-se por IFN 3MU três vezes por semana até completar 48 semanas + ribavirina 1,0-1,2 g diariamente por 48 semanas. A genotipagem do vírus C foi realizada em 85 indivíduos. Considerou-se resposta virológica sustentada a persistência do HCV-RNA negativo 6 meses após o término da terapia RESULTADOS: Oitenta e três pacientes completaram o tratamento. Houve cinco abandonos (um do grupo A e quatro do grupo B) e em cinco pacientes a terapia foi retirada devido a efeitos adversos (dois do grupo A e três do grupo B). Não houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre os grupos quanto à interrupção do tratamento. A freqüência de cirrose foi 29 por cento, semelhante entre os grupos. Na análise "intention to treat" a resposta virológica sustentada foi 39,8 por cento. Não houve diferença estatística na taxa de resposta virológica sustentada entre ambas as estratégias terapêuticas (36,4 por cento grupo A vs 42,9 por cento grupo B). Nos 83 pacientes que finalizaram o estudo, a resposta virológica sustentada foi 44,6 por cento. Entre os pacientes com genótipo 1, a resposta virológica sustentada foi 42 por cento (40,9 por cento grupo A vs 42,9 por cento grupo B) e entre os pacientes...

Clinical and epidemiological features of patients with chronic hepatitis C co-infected with HIV

Co-infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is increasingly common and affects the clinical course of chronic hepatitis C. Highly active antiretroviral therapy has improved the life expectancy of HIV infected patients, but, by extending survival, it permits the development of HCV cirrhosis. This study tried to evaluate clinical and epidemiological features of patients with chronic hepatitis C co-infected with HIV. We evaluated 134 HCV-infected patients: i) group A - 65 co-infected HCV/HIV patients, ii) group B - 69 mono-infected HCV patients. The impact of HIV infection on HCV liver disease was analyzed using Child's score, ultrasound findings and liver histology. Patients were subjected to HCV genotyping and anti-HBs dosage. Patients mean age was 42.4 years (±9.1) and 97 (72.4 percent) were males. Injected drug use and homo/bisexual practice were more frequently encountered in the co-infected group: 68.3 percent and 78.0 percent, respectively. Antibodies against hepatitis B virus (anti-HBs) were found in only 38.1 percent of the patients (66.7 percent group A x 33.3 percent group B). Ten out of 14 individuals (71.4 percent) who had liver disease (Child B or C) and 25 out of 34 (73.5 percent) who showed ultrasound evidence of chronic liver disease were in the co-infection group. HCV genotype-2/3 was more frequently encountered in co-infected patients (36.9 percent group A vs. 21.8 percent group B). Conclusions: a) HIV infection seems to adversely affect the clinical course of chronic hepatitis C, b) injected drug use, bi/homosexual practice and genotype-2/3 were more frequently encountered in co-infected patients, c) immunization against HBV should be encouraged in these patients.

Hepatite crônica B / Chronic hepatitis B

A infecção pelo vírus da hepatite B (VHB) é um importante problema de saúde pública, associado a significante morbidade e mortalidade por doença crônica do fígado. Em pacientes com infecção crônica pelo VHB as lesões hepáticas são imunomediadas, através de citocinas, expressando a tentativa do sistema imune de destruir o agente viral. O ccDNA, entretanto, persiste na célula infectada, caracterizando não haver a cura da infecção viral mesmo quando há evidência sorológica de "clearence viral" e a viremia está indetectável.

Curso de atualização em emergências médicas: aula 18: insuficiência hepatica aguda / Course of updating in medical emergencies: class 18: acute hepatic failure

A insuficiência hepática aguda (IHA) é uma síndrome clínica extremamente grave, de diagnóstico precoce difícil, evolução rápida e alta mortalidade. Nesta revisão buscamos reunir as informações mais atuais sobre classificação, etiologia, diagnóstico e tratamento, discutindo as diversas controvérsias sobre o tema. O diagnóstico da IHA é difícil e engloba o quadro clínico e laboratorial de hepatite aguda (grave), tempo de protrombina alargado, com qualquer alteração do sensório, além de pesquisa cuidadosa na história do paciente, incluindo o uso de medicações ou ervas e presença de diagnóstico prévio de hepatopatia. O diagnóstico etiólogico inclui infecções virais, medicamentos e toxinas, causas cardíacas e vasculares, metabólicas, além da hepatite autoimune, doenças de Wilson e neoplasias. O tratamento da IHA é dado em duas etapas, sendo a primeira constituída pelas medidas de suporte, prevenção e tratamento das complicações, que devem ser oferecidas a todos os pacientes, e a segunda pelas medidas específicas, que serão direcionadas dependendo da etiologia. O transplante hepático é a única terapia definitiva para os pacientes que não conseguem o restabelimento da função hepática.

Acute hepatic failure (AHF) is one extremely serious clinical syndrome of difficult pre-emptive diagnosis, rapid evolution and high mortality. In this review we summarized the current information regarding its classification, etiology, diagnosis and treatment, and discussed the controversies about the issue. The diagnosis of the AHF is difficult and includes laboratorial and clinical findings of severe acute hepatitis, increased prothrombin time and presence of hepatic encephalopathy. It is necessary that a careful history of the patient be obtained especially with respect to utilization of medications, herbs as well as the presence of previous diagnosis of liver disease. The possible etiologies include viral infections, cardiac and vascular affections, medications and toxins, metabolic causes, auto-immune hepatitis, Wilson's disease and neoplasm. The treatment of AHF requires support measures, prevention and treatment of complications that must be offered all patients and specific measures which should be offered according to the etiology of AHF. Liver transplant is the only definitive therapy for patients who do not recover the hepatic function.

Tolerância à sulfassalazina em pacientes com retocolite ulcerativa (RCUI) em Salvador-Bahia / Sulphasalazine tolerability in patients with ulcerative colitis in Salvador-Bahia

A sulfassalazina (SSZ) é amplamente utilizada para tratamento da retocolite ulcerativa idiopática. Estudos relatam frequência de efeitos colaterais em torno de 20-45%, os quais em geral são dose-dependentes e relacionados com altos n¡veis séricos de sulfapiridina, ocorrendo principalmente nos pacientes com baixa capacidade genética de acetilação hepática da medicação. Embora seja droga utilizada há muito tempo, a escassez de dados em nosso meio motivou a realização de um levantamento da tolerância desse medicamento em pacientes do Programa Estadual de Medicamentos de Alto Custo da Secretaria de Saúde da Bahia. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo com avaliação de prontuários de pacientes em acompanhamento ambulatorial que fizeram uso de SSZ. Foram levantados dados epidemiológicos, dados sobre a extensão da doença, exames laboratoriais, dose, tempo de uso e suspensão da SSZ, relatos de queixas espontâneas dos pacientes com relação a eventos adversos gastrointestinais, hematológicos, dermatológicos, neurológicos e urinários. Resultados: Foram avaliados 100 pacientes com média de idade de 44,1 anos (13-87), sendo 73% do sexo feminino. Apresentaram efeitos colaterais 37% dos pacientes, havendo necessidade de suspensão da medicação em 47,4% (18/37) dos casos, redução da dose em 18,4% (7/37) e hospitalização em 7,8% (3/37). Os efeitos colaterais mais frequentes nos pacientes com colite distal, predominando cefaléia (11 %), epigastralgia (11 %) e náuseas em 9% dos pacientes. Conclusões: A frequência de eventos adversos foi semelhante … relatada em outros estudos, com baixa frequência de reações adversas graves. Não foi observada relação entre a frequência e gravidade dos efeitos colaterais e a extensão da doença.

Perfil da doença de Crohn fistulizante em atividade em dois serviços universitários em Salvador, Bahia / Profile of the fistulizing Crohn's disease in two university services in Salvador, Bahia

Na Doença de Crohn (DC) os pacientes podem desenvolver fístulas, com uma freqüência que aumenta com a evolução. Este grupo de pacientes apresenta alterações peculiares, com manifestação variável a depender de características como o tipo de fístula e local de envolvimento. São poucas as descrições desta forma de doença em nosso meio. Objetivo: descrever características da população de pacientes com Doença de Crohn fistulizante (DCF) em dois serviços universitários, ressaltando suas variáveis clínicas e demográficas e a qualidade de vida destes pacientes. Desenho do estudo: Série de casos. Pacientes e Métodos: os pacientes foram avaliados entre dezembro de 2002 a dezembro de 2003, incluindo-se neste período todos os pacientes com DCF em atividade, nos dois ambulatórios de referência para Doença Inflamatória Intestinal (DII). A coleta de dados foi realizada através de entrevista, incluindo características sócio-demográficas, descrição da DC e das fístulas, e análise da qualidade de vida através do questionário Short-Forum 36 (SF-36). Resultados: foram avaliados 20 pacientes, com média de idade de 38,5mais ou menos14,4 (variando de 18-72) anos. A maioria(13/65por cento) dos pacientes do sexo feminino. O tipo mais comum de fístula foi perineal (10/50por cento) e a localização mais freqüente da DC foi na região íleo-colônica (10/50por cento). Houve envolvimento retal em 13 (65por cento) pacientes. Na análise da qualidade de vida, os melhores resultados foram em capacidade funcional (79,6) e aspectos sociais (70). Os piores escores foram em aspectos emocional (51,7) e físico (56,3). Conclusões: na população analisada, a doença mostrou-se mais freqüente em adultos jovens e mulheres. Fístula perianal foi mais freqüente, mostrando uma associação com doença íleo-cecal e acometimento retal. A DCF demonstrou afetar de forma significativa a qualidade de vida dos pacientes, especialmente em aspectos físicos e emocionais, apontando para a necessidade de acompanhamento especializado, envolvendo uma abordagem multi-disciplinar.

Formas de doença hepática em pacientes com alcoolismo em Salvador, Bahia / Types of hepatic disease in alcoholic patients in the city of Salvador, state of Bahia, Brazil

O estudo teve o objetivo de avaliar a frequência das diversas formas de doenças hepáticas em etilistas crónicos que frequentam o Ambulatório de Hepatologia do Hospital Prof. Edgard Santos da Universidade Federal da Bahia. Dos 96 pacientes submetidos à biopsia hepática, verificou-se que 69 (71,9%) apresentavam doença alcoólica do fígado e 27 (28,1%) apresentavam outras formas de doença hepática, habitualmente näo correlacionadas ao alcoolismo. Estes dados sugerem, portanto, a existência de outras formas de hepatopatia em alcoólatras e mostram que, além da avaliaçäo clínica e laboratorial, torna-se fundamental o estudo histológico no diagnóstico destes indivíduos, uma vez que podemos surpreender patologias hepáticas outras näo atribuídas ao alcoolismo

Marcadores do vírus da hepatite B em células mononucleares do sangue periférico / Hepatitis B virus markers in peripheral blood mononuclear cells

Foram estudados 69 pacientes com hepatopatia crônica, todos com avaliaçäo histológica e 10 pacientes vacinados para o vírus da hepatite B (VHB). Foram determinados os seguintes marcadores: 1) soro: AgHBe, anti-HBe, anti-HBc total, anti-HBs, anti-HCV, VHB-DNA; 2) lisado de células mononucleates do sangue periférico (MN): AgHBs, AGHBe; 3) tecido hepático: AgHBs, AgHBc. Foram divididos quatro grupos de acordo com a sorologia. Grupo I-pacientes AgHBs positivos (n=25). Em 19(76%) observou-se AgHBs no lisado de MN. O AgHBe nos MN foi detectado em oito (32%), todos com evidência de replicaçäo viral (presença de AgHBe/ou HBV-DNA no soro/AgHBc no tecido). Grupo II - paciente anti-HBc total/anti-HBs positivo (n=14), encontrou-se AgHBs em cinco (36%) e AgHBe em um (7,1%). No paciente positivo para AgHBe em MN, encontrou-se marcadores de replicaçäo no soro e no tecido (VHB-DNA, AgHBc). Dos nove pacientes anti-HBs positivos, três tinham AgHBs nos MN. Grupo III - pacientes seronegativos para VHB. O AgHBs estava presente nos MN em dois (6,6%), porém o AgHBe estava ausente em todos. Havia concomitante presença do AgHBs nos MN e tecido hepático em um caso. Näo foram observados marcadores de replicaçäo em nenhum caso. Grupo IV - 10 indivíduos sadios vacinados para VHB. Exceto anti-HBs no soro, nenhum outro marcador do VHB foi encontrado no soro e/ou mononucleares. Os resultados, quanto a utilizaçäo dos marcadores de VHB e, células MN, sugerem: 1) presença de AgHBs em MN portadores do VHB é evento freqüente, aparentemente sem significado clínico importante; 2) os marcadores do VHB em MN podem apresentar-se como alternativa para o diagnóstico de infecçäo pelo VHB seronegativo, assim como para aferir a replicaçäo viral, 3) A presença do AgHBs em MN correlacionou-se fortemente com replicaçäo viral demonstrada pelo VHB-DNA no soro e AgHBc no tecido