RESUMEN
Sterols have long been associated with diverse fields, such as cancer treatment, drug development, and plant growth; however, their underlying mechanisms and functions remain enigmatic. Here, we unveil a critical role played by a GmNF-YC9-mediated CCAAT-box transcription complex in modulating the steroid metabolism pathway within soybeans. Specifically, this complex directly activates squalene monooxygenase (GmSQE1), which is a rate-limiting enzyme in steroid synthesis. Our findings demonstrate that overexpression of either GmNF-YC9 or GmSQE1 significantly enhances soybean stress tolerance, while the inhibition of SQE weakens this tolerance. Field experiments conducted over two seasons further reveal increased yields per plant in both GmNF-YC9 and GmSQE1 overexpressing plants under drought stress conditions. This enhanced stress tolerance is attributed to the reduction of abiotic stress-induced cell oxidative damage. Transcriptome and metabolome analyses shed light on the upregulation of multiple sterol compounds, including fucosterol and soyasaponin II, in GmNF-YC9 and GmSQE1 overexpressing soybean plants under stress conditions. Intriguingly, the application of soybean steroids, including fucosterol and soyasaponin II, significantly improves drought tolerance in soybean, wheat, foxtail millet, and maize. These findings underscore the pivotal role of soybean steroids in countering oxidative stress in plants and offer a new research strategy for enhancing crop stress tolerance and quality from gene regulation to chemical intervention.
Asunto(s)
Glycine max , Estrés Fisiológico , Glycine max/genética , Glycine max/fisiología , Glycine max/metabolismo , Estrés Fisiológico/genética , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas/efectos de los fármacos , Plantas Modificadas Genéticamente , Esteroides/metabolismo , Sequías , Productos Agrícolas/genética , Productos Agrícolas/metabolismo , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Proteínas de Plantas/genéticaRESUMEN
Salt tolerance during seed germination is essential for seedling establishment under salt stress. Sirtuin-like proteins, NAD+ -dependent histone deacetylases, are involved in plant responses to abiotic stresses; however, the regulatory mechanism remains unknown. We elucidated the mechanism underlying AtSRT2 (a sirtuin-like protein)-mediated regulation of salt tolerance during seed germination in Arabidopsis. The AtSRT2 mutant srt2 exhibited significantly reduced seed germination percentages under salt stress; its targets were identified via chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled with ultra-high-throughput parallel DNA sequencing (ChIP-Seq) assay. Epistasis analysis was performed to identify AtSRT2-related pathways. Overexpression of SRT2.7, an AtSRT2 splice variant, rescued the salt-sensitive phenotype of mutant srt2. AtSRT2 histone deacetylation activity was important for salt tolerance during seed germination. The acetylation level of histone H4K8 locus in srt2-1 increased significantly under salt treatment. Vesicle-associated membrane protein 714 (VAMP714), a negative regulator of hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 )-containing vesicle trafficking in cells, was identified as a target of AtSRT2. AtSRT2 regulated histone acetylation in the promoter region of VAMP714 and inhibited VAMP714 transcription under salt treatment. Seed germination percentage of double-mutant srt2-1vamp714 was close to that of single-mutant vamp714, and higher than that of single-mutant srt2 under salt stress. Hydrogen peroxide content and DNA damage increased after salt treatment in srt2 during seed germination. AtSRT2 regulates salt tolerance during seed germination through VAMP714 in Arabidopsis.
Asunto(s)
Proteínas de Arabidopsis , Arabidopsis , Sirtuinas , Arabidopsis/metabolismo , Proteínas de Arabidopsis/genética , Proteínas de Arabidopsis/metabolismo , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas , Germinación , Histona Desacetilasas/genética , Histona Desacetilasas/metabolismo , Histonas/metabolismo , Peróxido de Hidrógeno/metabolismo , Proteínas R-SNARE/genética , Tolerancia a la Sal/genética , Semillas/metabolismo , Sirtuinas/genética , Sirtuinas/metabolismo , Estrés Fisiológico/genéticaRESUMEN
Abscisic acid (ABA) receptors are considered as the targeted manipulation of ABA sensitivity and water productivity in plants. Regulation of their stability or activity will directly affect ABA signalling. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades link multiple environmental and plant developmental cues. However, the molecular mechanism of ABA signalling and MAPK cascade interaction remains largely elusive. TaMPK3 overexpression decreases drought tolerance and wheat sensitivity to ABA, significantly weakening ABA's inhibitory effects on growth. Under drought stress, overexpression lines show lower survival rates, shoot fresh weight and proline content, but higher malondialdehyde levels at seedling stage, as well as decreased grain width and 1000 grain weight in both glasshouse and field conditions at the adult stage. TaMPK3-RNAi increases drought tolerance. TaMPK3 interaction with TaPYL4 leads to decreased TaPYL4 levels by promoting its ubiquitin-mediated degradation, whereas ABA treatment diminishes TaMPK3-TaPYL interactions. In addition, the expression of ABA signalling proteins is impaired in TaMPK3-overexpressing wheat plants under ABA treatment. The MPK3-PYL interaction module was found to be conserved across monocots and dicots. Our results suggest that the MPK3-PYL module could serve as a negative regulatory mechanism for balancing appropriate drought stress response with normal plant growth signalling in wheat.
Asunto(s)
Ácido Abscísico , Proteínas Quinasas Activadas por Mitógenos , Ácido Abscísico/metabolismo , Ácido Abscísico/farmacología , Proteínas Portadoras/metabolismo , Sequías , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas , Proteínas Quinasas Activadas por Mitógenos/metabolismo , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Plantas Modificadas Genéticamente/metabolismo , Plantones/fisiología , Estrés FisiológicoRESUMEN
Drought and salt stresses impose major constraints on soybean production worldwide. However, improving agronomically valuable soybean traits under drought conditions can be challenging due to trait complexity and multiple factors that influence yield. Here, we identified a nuclear factor Y C subunit (NF-YC) family transcription factor member, GmNF-YC14, which formed a heterotrimer with GmNF-YA16 and GmNF-YB2 to activate the GmPYR1-mediated abscisic acid (ABA) signalling pathway to regulate stress tolerance in soybean. Notably, we found that CRISPR/Cas9-generated GmNF-YC14 knockout mutants were more sensitive to drought than wild-type soybean plants. Furthermore, field trials showed that overexpression of GmNF-YC14 or GmPYR1 could increase yield per plant, grain plumpness, and stem base circumference, thus indicating improved adaptation of soybean plants to drought conditions. Taken together, our findings expand the known functional scope of the NF-Y transcription factor functions and raise important questions about the integration of ABA signalling pathways in plants. Moreover, GmNF-YC14 and GmPYR1 have potential for application in the improvement of drought tolerance in soybean plants.
Asunto(s)
Ácido Abscísico , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas , Ácido Abscísico/metabolismo , Sequías , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Plantas Modificadas Genéticamente/metabolismo , Transducción de Señal/genética , Glycine max/metabolismo , Estrés Fisiológico/genéticaRESUMEN
Calmodulin-binding protein 60 (CBP60) members constitute a plant-specific protein family that plays an important role in plant growth and development. In the soybean genome, nineteen CBP60 members were identified and analyzed for their corresponding sequences and structures to explore their functions. Among GmCBP60A-1, which primarily locates in the cytomembrane, was significantly induced by drought and salt stresses. The overexpression of GmCBP60A-1 enhanced drought and salt tolerance in Arabidopsis, which showed better state in the germination of seeds and the root growth of seedlings. In the soybean hairy roots experiment, the overexpression of GmCBP60A-1 increased proline content, lowered water loss rate and malondialdehyde (MDA) content, all of which likely enhanced the drought and salt tolerance of soybean seedlings. Under stress conditions, drought and salt response-related genes showed significant differences in expression in hairy root soybean plants of GmCBP60A-1-overexpressing and hairy root soybean plants of RNAi. The present study identified GmCBP60A-1 as an important gene in response to salt and drought stresses based on the functional analysis of this gene and its potential underlying mechanisms in soybean stress-tolerance.
Asunto(s)
Proteínas de Unión a Calmodulina/genética , Glycine max/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Estrés Salino/genética , Arabidopsis/genética , Sequías , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas/genética , Estudio de Asociación del Genoma Completo/métodos , Plantas Modificadas Genéticamente/genética , Tolerancia a la Sal/genética , Plantones/genética , Semillas/genética , Proteínas de Soja/genética , Estrés Fisiológico/genéticaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Crop productivity is challenged by abiotic stresses, among which drought stress is the most common. NF-Y genes, especially NF-YA genes, regulate tolerance to abiotic stress. RESULTS: Soybean NF-Y gene GmNFYA5 was identified to have the highest transcript level among all 21 NF-YA genes in soybean (Glycine max L.) under drought stress. Drought-induced transcript of GmNFYA5 was suppressed by the ABA synthesis inhibitor naproxen (NAP). GmNFYA5 transcript was detected in various tissues at vegetative and reproductive growth stages with higher levels in roots and leaves than in other tissues, which was consist with the GmNFYA5 promoter: GUS fusion assay. Overexpression of GmNFYA5 in transgenic Arabidopsis plants caused enhanced drought tolerance in seedlings by decreasing stomatal aperture and water loss from leaves. Overexpression and suppression of GmNFYA5 in soybean resulted in increased and decreased drought tolerance, respectively, relative to plants with an empty vector (EV). Transcript levels of ABA-dependent genes (ABI2, ABI3, NCED3, LEA3, RD29A, P5CS1, GmWRKY46, GmNCED2 and GmbZIP1) and ABA-independent genes (DREB1A, DREB2A, DREB2B, GmDREB1, GmDREB2 and GmDREB3) in transgenic plants overexpressing GmNFYA5 were higher than those of wild-type plants under drought stress; suppression of GmNFYA5 transcript produced opposite results. GmNFYA5 probably regulated the transcript abundance of GmDREB2 and GmbZIP1 by binding to the promoters in vivo. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggested that overexpression of GmNFYA5 improved drought tolerance in soybean via both ABA-dependent and ABA-independent pathways.
Asunto(s)
Arabidopsis/fisiología , Factor de Unión a CCAAT/genética , Sequías , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas/fisiología , Glycine max/fisiología , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Arabidopsis/genética , Factor de Unión a CCAAT/metabolismo , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Plantas Modificadas Genéticamente/genética , Plantas Modificadas Genéticamente/fisiología , Glycine max/genéticaRESUMEN
BRI1-EMS suppressor (BES)/brassinazole-resistant (BZR) family transcription factors are involved in a variety of physiological processes, but the biological functions of some BES/BZR transcription factors remain unknown; moreover, it is not clear if any of these proteins function in the regulation of plant stress responses. Here, wheat (Triticum aestivum) brassinazole-resistant 2 (TaBZR2)-overexpressing plants exhibited drought tolerant phenotypes, whereas downregulation of TaBZR2 in wheat by RNA interference resulted in elevated drought sensitivity. electrophoretic mobility shift assay and luciferase reporter analysis illustrate that TaBZR2 directly interacts with the gene promoter to activate the expression of T. aestivum glutathione s-transferase-1 (TaGST1), which functions positively in scavenging drought-induced superoxide anions (O2 -). Moreover, TaBZR2 acts as a positive regulator in brassinosteroid (BR) signaling. Exogenous BR treatment enhanced TaBZR2-mediated O2 - scavenging and antioxidant enzyme gene expression. Taken together, we demonstrate that a BES/BZR family transcription factor, TaBZR2, functions positively in drought responses by activating TaGST1 and mediates the crosstalk between BR and drought signaling pathways. Our results thus provide new insights into the mechanisms underlying how BES/BZR family transcription factors contribute to drought tolerance in wheat.
Asunto(s)
Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Factores de Transcripción/metabolismo , Triticum/fisiología , Brasinoesteroides/metabolismo , Brasinoesteroides/farmacología , Núcleo Celular/metabolismo , Sequías , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas/efectos de los fármacos , Glutatión Transferasa/genética , Glutatión Transferasa/metabolismo , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Plantas Modificadas Genéticamente , Regiones Promotoras Genéticas , Interferencia de ARN , Estrés Fisiológico/genética , Superóxidos/metabolismo , Factores de Transcripción/genética , Triticum/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
Photonic quantum memory is the core element in quantum information processing (QIP). For the scalable and convenient practical applications, great efforts have been devoted to the integrated quantum memory based on various waveguides fabricated in solids. However, on-demand storage of qubits, which is an essential requirement for QIP, is still challenging to be implemented using such integrated quantum memory. Here we report the on-demand storage of time-bin qubits in an on-chip waveguide memory fabricated on the surface of a ^{151}Eu^{3+}:Y_{2}SiO_{5} crystal, utilizing the Stark-modulated atomic frequency comb protocol. A qubit storage fidelity of 99.3%±0.2% is obtained with single-photon-level coherent pulses, far beyond the highest fidelity achievable using the classical measure-and-prepare strategy. The developed integrated quantum memory with the on-demand retrieval capability represents an important step toward practical applications of integrated quantum nodes in quantum networks.
RESUMEN
Vascular plant one-zinc-finger (VOZ) transcription factor, a plant specific one-zinc-finger-type transcriptional activator, is involved in regulating numerous biological processes such as floral induction and development, defense against pathogens, and response to multiple types of abiotic stress. Six VOZ transcription factor-encoding genes (GmVOZs) have been reported to exist in the soybean (Glycine max) genome. In spite of this, little information is currently available regarding GmVOZs. In this study, GmVOZs were cloned and characterized. GmVOZ genes encode proteins possessing transcriptional activation activity in yeast cells. GmVOZ1E, GmVOZ2B, and GmVOZ2D gene products were widely dispersed in the cytosol, while GmVOZ1G was primarily located in the nucleus. GmVOZs displayed a differential expression profile under dehydration, salt, and salicylic acid (SA) stress conditions. Among them, GmVOZ1G showed a significantly induced expression in response to all stress treatments. Overexpression of GmVOZ1G in soybean hairy roots resulted in a greater tolerance to drought and salt stress. In contrast, RNA interference (RNAi) soybean hairy roots suppressing GmVOZ1G were more sensitive to both of these stresses. Under drought treatment, soybean composite plants with an overexpression of hairy roots had higher relative water content (RWC). In response to drought and salt stress, lower malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation and higher peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were observed in soybean composite seedlings with an overexpression of hairy roots. The opposite results for each physiological parameter were obtained in RNAi lines. In conclusion, GmVOZ1G positively regulates drought and salt stress tolerance in soybean hairy roots. Our results will be valuable for the functional characterization of soybean VOZ transcription factors under abiotic stress.
Asunto(s)
Deshidratación/metabolismo , Glycine max/metabolismo , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Tolerancia a la Sal/genética , Factores de Transcripción/metabolismo , Proteínas de Arabidopsis/genética , Núcleo Celular/genética , Núcleo Celular/metabolismo , Citosol/metabolismo , Deshidratación/genética , Sequías , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas/genética , Malondialdehído/metabolismo , Peroxidasa/genética , Peroxidasa/metabolismo , Filogenia , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Raíces de Plantas/genética , Raíces de Plantas/metabolismo , Plantas Modificadas Genéticamente/metabolismo , Elementos Reguladores de la Transcripción/genética , Estrés Salino/genética , Plantones/genética , Plantones/metabolismo , Glycine max/genética , Superóxido Dismutasa/genética , Superóxido Dismutasa/metabolismo , Factores de Transcripción/genéticaRESUMEN
Abiotic stresses, such as drought and salt, are major environmental stresses, affecting plant growth and crop productivity. Plant bZIP transcription factors (bZIPs) confer stress resistances in harsh environments and play important roles in each phase of plant growth processes. In this research, 15 soybean bZIP family members were identified from drought-induced de novo transcriptomic sequences of soybean, which were unevenly distributed across 12 soybean chromosomes. Promoter analysis showed that these 15 genes were rich in ABRE, MYB and MYC cis-acting elements which were reported to be involved in abiotic stress responses. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis indicated that 15 GmbZIP genes could be induced by drought and salt stress. GmbZIP2 was significantly upregulated under stress conditions and thus was selected for further study. Subcellular localization analysis revealed that the GmbZIP2 protein was located in the cell nucleus. qRT-PCR results show that GmbZIP2 can be induced by multiple stresses. The overexpression of GmbZIP2 in Arabidopsis and soybean hairy roots could improve plant resistance to drought and salt stresses. The result of differential expression gene analysis shows that the overexpression of GmbZIP2 in soybean hairy roots could enhance the expression of the stress responsive genes GmMYB48, GmWD40, GmDHN15, GmGST1 and GmLEA. These results indicate that soybean bZIPs played pivotal roles in plant resistance to abiotic stresses.
Asunto(s)
Factores de Transcripción con Cremalleras de Leucina de Carácter Básico/metabolismo , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas , Glycine max/genética , Arabidopsis/genética , Arabidopsis/fisiología , Factores de Transcripción con Cremalleras de Leucina de Carácter Básico/genética , Sequías , Fenotipo , Filogenia , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Plantas Modificadas Genéticamente , Estrés Salino , Glycine max/fisiología , Estrés FisiológicoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Ethylene-responsive factors (ERFs) play important roles in plant growth and development and the response to adverse environmental factors, including abiotic and biotic stresses. RESULTS: In the present study, we identified 160 soybean ERF genes distributed across 20 chromosomes that could be clustered into eight groups based on phylogenetic relationships. A highly ABA-responsive ERF gene, GmERF75, belonging to Group VII was further characterized. Subcellular localization analysis showed that the GmERF75 protein is localized in the nucleus, and qRT-PCR results showed that GmERF75 is responsive to multiple abiotic stresses and exogenous hormones. GmERF75-overexpressing Arabidopsis lines showed higher chlorophyll content compared to WT and mutants under osmotic stress. Two independent Arabidopsis mutations of AtERF71, a gene homologous to GmERF75, displayed shorter hypocotyls, and overexpression of GmERF75 in these mutants could rescue the short hypocotyl phenotypes. Overexpressing GmERF75 in soybean hairy roots improved root growth under exogenous ABA and salt stress. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggested that GmERF75 is an important plant transcription factor that plays a critical role in enhancing osmotic tolerance in both Arabidopsis and soybean.
Asunto(s)
Glycine max/genética , Reguladores del Crecimiento de las Plantas/metabolismo , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Factores de Transcripción/metabolismo , Ácido Abscísico/metabolismo , Arabidopsis/genética , Arabidopsis/crecimiento & desarrollo , Arabidopsis/fisiología , Etilenos/metabolismo , Expresión Génica , Hipocótilo/genética , Hipocótilo/crecimiento & desarrollo , Hipocótilo/fisiología , Presión Osmótica , Fenotipo , Filogenia , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Raíces de Plantas/genética , Raíces de Plantas/crecimiento & desarrollo , Raíces de Plantas/fisiología , Glycine max/crecimiento & desarrollo , Glycine max/fisiología , Estrés Fisiológico , Factores de Transcripción/genéticaRESUMEN
LIM proteins have been found to play important roles in many life activities, including the regulation of gene expression, construction of the cytoskeleton, signal transduction and metabolic regulation. Because of their important roles in many aspects of plant development, LIM genes have been studied in many plant species. However, the LIM gene family has not yet been characterized in foxtail millet. In this study, we analyzed the whole genome of foxtail millet and identified 10 LIM genes. All LIM gene promoters contain MYB and MYC cis-acting elements that are related to drought stress. Based on the presence of multiple abiotic stress-related cis-elements in the promoter of SiWLIM2b, we chose this gene for further study. We analyzed SiWLIM2b expression under abiotic stress and hormone treatments using qRT-PCR. We found that SiWLIM2b was induced by various abiotic stresses and hormones. Under drought conditions, transgenic rice of SiWLIM2b-overexpression had a higher survival rate, higher relative water content and less cell damage than wild type (WT) rice. These results indicate that overexpression of the foxtail millet SiWLIM2b gene enhances drought tolerance in transgenic rice, and the SiWLIM2b gene can potentially be used for molecular breeding of crops with increased resistance to abiotic stress.
Asunto(s)
Sequías , Proteínas con Dominio LIM/genética , Setaria (Planta)/crecimiento & desarrollo , Secuenciación Completa del Genoma/métodos , Adaptación Fisiológica , Regulación del Desarrollo de la Expresión Génica , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas , Familia de Multigenes , Oryza/genética , Oryza/crecimiento & desarrollo , Filogenia , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Plantas Modificadas Genéticamente/crecimiento & desarrollo , Regiones Promotoras Genéticas , Setaria (Planta)/genéticaRESUMEN
Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) is involved in many developmental processes and responses to various abiotic stresses in plants. Most of the studies on melatonin focus on its functions and physiological responses in plants, while its regulation mechanism remains unknown. Caffeic acid 3-O-methyltransferase (COMT) functions at a key step of the biosynthesis process of melatonin. In this study, a COMT-like gene, TaCOMT (Traes_1AL_D9035D5E0.1) was identified in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Transient transformation in wheat protoplasts determined that TaCOMT is localized in cytoplasm. TaCOMT in wheat was induced by drought stress, gibberellin (GA)3 and 3-Indoleacetic acid (IAA), but not by ABA. In TaCOMT transgenic Arabidopsis, melatonin contents were higher than that in wild type (WT) plants. Under D-Mannitol treatment, the fresh weight of the transgenic Arabidopsis was significantly higher than WT, and transgenic lines had a stronger root system compared to WT. Drought tolerance assays in pots showed that the survival rate of TaCOMT-overexpression lines was significantly higher than that of WT lines. this phenotype was similar to that the WT lines treated with melatonin under drought condition. In addition, the TaCOMT transgenic lines had higher proline content and lower malondialdehyde (MDA) content compared to WT lines after drought treatment. These results indicated that overexpression of the wheat TaCOMT gene enhances drought tolerance and increases the content of melatonin in transgenic Arabidopsis. It could be one of the potential genes for agricultural applications.
Asunto(s)
Adaptación Biológica , Arabidopsis/genética , Arabidopsis/metabolismo , Sequías , Expresión Génica , Melatonina/biosíntesis , Proteínas Sensibles a N-Etilmaleimida/genética , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Proteínas Sensibles a N-Etilmaleimida/química , Proteínas Sensibles a N-Etilmaleimida/metabolismo , Plantas Modificadas Genéticamente , Transducción de Señal , Estrés Fisiológico/genética , Triticum/genética , Triticum/metabolismoRESUMEN
Growing evidence indicates that elongation factor 1α (EF1α) is involved in responses to various abiotic stresses in several plant species. Soybean EF1α proteins include three structural domains: one GTP-binding domain and two oligonucleotide binding domains that are also called as domain 2 and domain 3. In this study, 10 EF1α genes were identified in the soybean genome. We predicted structures of different domains and analyzed gene locations, gene structures, phylogenetic relationships, various cis-elements, and conserved domains of soybean EF1αs. The expression patterns of 10 EF1α genes were analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Under drought stress, soybean EF1α genes were upregulated in varying degrees. In particular, GmEF4 was upregulated under drought and salt treatments. Compared to the drought- and salt-treated empty vector (EV)-control plants, drought- and salt-treated GmEF4-overexpressing (OE) plants had significantly delayed leaf wilting, longer root, higher biomass, higher proline (Pro) content, and lower H2O2, O2-, and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents. Thus, this study provides a foundation for further functional genomics research about this important family under abiotic stress.
Asunto(s)
Sequías , Glycine max/fisiología , Tolerancia a la Sal , Estrés Fisiológico , Factores de Elongación Transcripcional/metabolismo , Sitios de Unión , Mapeo Cromosómico , Biología Computacional/métodos , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas , Modelos Moleculares , Fenotipo , Filogenia , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Unión Proteica , Dominios y Motivos de Interacción de Proteínas , Elementos de Respuesta , Glycine max/química , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Factores de Elongación Transcripcional/química , Factores de Elongación Transcripcional/genéticaRESUMEN
Pentatricopeptide-repeat (PPR) proteins were identified as a type of nucleus coding protein that is composed of multiple tandem repeats. It has been reported that PPR genes play an important role in RNA editing, plant growth and development, and abiotic stresses in plants. However, the functions of PPR proteins remain largely unknown in soybean. In this study, 179 DYW subgroup PPR genes were identified in soybean genome (Glycine max Wm82.a2.v1). Chromosomal location analysis indicated that DYW subgroup PPR genes were mapped to all 20 chromosomes. Phylogenetic relationship analysis revealed that DYW subgroup PPR genes were categorized into three distinct Clusters (I to III). Gene structure analysis showed that most PPR genes were featured by a lack of intron. Gene duplication analysis demonstrated 30 PPR genes (15 pairs; ~35.7%) were segmentally duplicated among Cluster I PPR genes. Furthermore, we validated the mRNA expression of three genes that were highly up-regulated in soybean drought- and salt-induced transcriptome database and found that the expression levels of GmPPR4 were induced under salt and drought stresses. Under drought stress condition, GmPPR4-overexpressing (GmPPR4-OE) plants showed delayed leaf rolling; higher content of proline (Pro); and lower contents of H2O2, O2- and malondialdehyde (MDA) compared with the empty vector (EV)-control plants. GmPPR4-OE plants exhibited increased transcripts of several drought-inducible genes compared with EV-control plants. Our results provided a comprehensive analysis of the DYW subgroup PPR genes and an insight for improving the drought tolerance in soybean.
Asunto(s)
Proteínas Portadoras , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas , Glycine max , Familia de Multigenes , Presión Osmótica , Proteínas de Soja , Proteínas Portadoras/biosíntesis , Proteínas Portadoras/genética , Deshidratación/genética , Deshidratación/metabolismo , Estudio de Asociación del Genoma Completo , Proteínas de Soja/biosíntesis , Proteínas de Soja/genética , Glycine max/genética , Glycine max/metabolismoRESUMEN
Plants have a series of response mechanisms to adapt when they are subjected to external stress. Calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) in plants function against a variety of abiotic stresses. We screened 17 CDPKs from drought- and salt-induced soybean transcriptome sequences. The phylogenetic tree divided CDPKs of rice, Arabidopsis and soybean into five groups (I-V). Cis-acting element analysis showed that the 17 CDPKs contained some elements associated with drought and salt stresses. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis indicated that the 17 CDPKs were responsive after different degrees of induction under drought and salt stresses. GmCDPK3 was selected as a further research target due to its high relative expression. The subcellular localization experiment showed that GmCDPK3 was located on the membrane of Arabidopsis mesophyll protoplasts. Overexpression of GmCDPK3 improved drought and salt resistance in Arabidopsis. In the soybean hairy roots experiment, the leaves of GmCDPK3 hairy roots with RNA interference (GmCDPK3-RNAi) soybean lines were more wilted than those of GmCDPK3 overexpression (GmCDPK3-OE) soybean lines after drought and salt stresses. The trypan blue staining experiment further confirmed that cell membrane damage of GmCDPK3-RNAi soybean leaves was more severe than in GmCDPK3-OE soybean lines. In addition, proline (Pro) and chlorophyll contents were increased and malondialdehyde (MDA) content was decreased in GmCDPK3-OE soybean lines. On the contrary, GmCDPK3-RNAi soybean lines had decreased Pro and chlorophyll content and increased MDA. The results indicate that GmCDPK3 is essential in resisting drought and salt stresses.
Asunto(s)
Sequías , Regulación del Desarrollo de la Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas/efectos de los fármacos , Glycine max/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Estrés Salino/genética , Cloruro de Sodio/efectos adversos , Arabidopsis/efectos de los fármacos , Arabidopsis/genética , Arabidopsis/crecimiento & desarrollo , Arabidopsis/metabolismo , Oryza/efectos de los fármacos , Oryza/genética , Oryza/crecimiento & desarrollo , Oryza/metabolismo , Filogenia , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Regiones Promotoras Genéticas , Elementos de Respuesta , Glycine max/efectos de los fármacos , Glycine max/crecimiento & desarrollo , Glycine max/metabolismoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The calcineurin B-like protein (CBL)-interacting protein kinase (CIPK) signaling pathway responds to various abiotic stresses in plants. RESULTS: Wheat CIPK23, isolated from wheat drought transcriptome data set, was induced by multiple abiotic stresses, including drought, salt, and abscisic acid (ABA). Compared with wild-type plants, TaCIPK23-overexpression wheat and Arabidopsis showed an higher survival rate under drought conditions with enhanced germination rate, developed root system, increased accumulation of osmolytes, and reduced water loss rate. Over-expression of TaCIPK23 rendered transgenic plants ABA sensitivity, as evidenced by delayed seed germination and the induction of stomatal closure. Consistent with the ABA-sensitive phenotype, the expression level of drought- and ABA-responsive genes were increased under drought conditions in the transgenic plants. In addition, using yeast two-hybrid system, pull-down and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFc) assays, TaCIPK23 was found to interact with TaCBL1 on the plasma membrane. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that TaCIPK23 plays important roles in ABA and drought stress responses, and mediates crosstalk between the ABA signaling pathway and drought stress responses in wheat.
Asunto(s)
Ácido Abscísico/metabolismo , Reguladores del Crecimiento de las Plantas/metabolismo , Proteínas Quinasas/metabolismo , Transducción de Señal , Triticum/enzimología , Arabidopsis/genética , Arabidopsis/fisiología , Proteínas de Unión al Calcio/genética , Proteínas de Unión al Calcio/metabolismo , Sequías , Genes Reporteros , Germinación , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Raíces de Plantas/enzimología , Raíces de Plantas/genética , Raíces de Plantas/fisiología , Plantas Modificadas Genéticamente , Proteínas Quinasas/genética , Plantones/enzimología , Plantones/genética , Plantones/fisiología , Semillas/enzimología , Semillas/genética , Semillas/fisiología , Cloruro de Sodio/metabolismo , Estrés Fisiológico , Triticum/genética , Triticum/fisiología , Técnicas del Sistema de Dos HíbridosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Abiotic stress severely influences plant growth and development. MYB transcription factors (TFs), which compose one of the largest TF families, play an important role in abiotic stress responses. RESULT: We identified 139 soybean MYB-related genes; these genes were divided into six groups based on their conserved domain and were distributed among 20 chromosomes (Chrs). Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) indicated that GmMYB118 highly responsive to drought, salt and high temperature stress; thus, this gene was selected for further analysis. Subcellular localization revealed that the GmMYB118 protein located in the nucleus. Ectopic expression (EX) of GmMYB118 increased tolerance to drought and salt stress and regulated the expression of several stress-associated genes in transgenic Arabidopsis plants. Similarly, GmMYB118-overexpressing (OE) soybean plants generated via Agrobacterium rhizogenes (A. rhizogenes)-mediated transformation of the hairy roots showed improved drought and salt tolerance. Furthermore, compared with the control (CK) plants, the clustered, regularly interspaced, short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-transformed plants exhibited reduced drought and salt tolerance. The contents of proline and chlorophyll in the OE plants were significantly greater than those in the CK plants, whose contents were greater than those in the CRISPR plants under drought and salt stress conditions. In contrast, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents were significantly lower in the OE plants than in the CK plants, whose contents were lower than those in the CRISPR plants under stress conditions. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicated that GmMYB118 could improve tolerance to drought and salt stress by promoting expression of stress-associated genes and regulating osmotic and oxidizing substances to maintain cell homeostasis.
Asunto(s)
Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Factores de Transcripción/metabolismo , Agrobacterium/metabolismo , Arabidopsis/metabolismo , Arabidopsis/fisiología , Deshidratación , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas , Genes de Plantas/genética , Filogenia , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/fisiología , Raíces de Plantas/microbiología , Plantas Modificadas Genéticamente , Reacción en Cadena en Tiempo Real de la Polimerasa , Estrés Salino , Glycine max/genética , Glycine max/metabolismo , Glycine max/fisiología , Factores de Transcripción/genética , Factores de Transcripción/fisiologíaRESUMEN
WRKYs are important regulators in plant development and stress responses. However, knowledge of this superfamily in soybean is limited. In this study, we characterized the drought- and salt-induced gene GmWRKY12 based on RNA-Seq and qRT-PCR. GmWRKY12, which is 714 bp in length, encoded 237 amino acids and grouped into WRKY II. The promoter region of GmWRKY12 included ABER4, MYB, MYC, GT-1, W-box and DPBF cis-elements, which possibly participate in abscisic acid (ABA), drought and salt stress responses. GmWRKY12 was minimally expressed in different tissues under normal conditions but highly expressed under drought and salt treatments. As a nucleus protein, GmWRKY12 was responsive to drought, salt, ABA and salicylic acid (SA) stresses. Using a transgenic hairy root assay, we further characterized the roles of GmWRKY12 in abiotic stress tolerance. Compared with control (Williams 82), overexpression of GmWRKY12 enhanced drought and salt tolerance, increased proline (Pro) content and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) content under drought and salt treatment in transgenic soybean seedlings. These results may provide a basis to understand the functions of GmWRKY12 in abiotic stress responses in soybean.
Asunto(s)
Resistencia a la Enfermedad/fisiología , Glycine max/metabolismo , Tolerancia a la Sal/fisiología , Plantones/metabolismo , Proteínas de Soja/metabolismo , Factores de Transcripción/metabolismo , Deshidratación , Plantones/genética , Proteínas de Soja/genética , Glycine max/genética , Factores de Transcripción/genéticaRESUMEN
Myeloblastosis (MYB) transcription factors are one of the largest families of transcription factors in higher plants. They play an important role in plant development, defense response processes, and non-biological stresses, i.e., drought stress. Foxtail millet (Setaria italica L.), originated in China, is resistant to drought and low nutrition stresses and has been regarded as an ideal material for studying abiotic stress resistance in monocotyledon. In this study, we ran a transcription profile analysis of zheng 204 under low-nitrogen conditions and identified a MYB-like transcription factor SiMYB42, which was up-regulated under low-nitrogen stress. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that SiMYB42 belongs to R2R3-MYB subfamily and has two MYB conserved domains. Expression pattern analysis showed that SiMYB42 was significantly up-regulated under various stress conditions, including low-nitrogen stress, high salt, drought and ABA conditions. The results of subcellular localization, quantitative real-time PCR and transcriptional activation analysis indicated that SiMYB42 protein localizes to the nucleus and cell membrane of plant cells, mainly expressed in the leaf or root of foxtail millet, and has transcription activation activity. Functional analysis showed that there was no significant difference between transgenic SiMYB42 Arabidopsis and wild-type (WT) Arabidopsis under normal conditions; however, under low-nitrogen condition, the root length, surface area and seedling fresh weight in transgenic SiMYB42 Arabidopsis, were significantly higher than their counterparts in WT. These results suggest that SiMYB42 transgenic plants exhibit higher tolerance to low-nitrogen stress. Expression levels of nitrate transporters genes NRT2.1, NRT2.4 and NRT2.5, which are the transcriptional targets of SiMYB42, were higher in transgenic SiMYB42 Arabidopsis plants than those in WT; the promoter regions of NRT2.1, NRT2.4 and NRT2.5 all have MYB binding sites. These results indicate that SiMYB42 might enhance foxtail millet tolerance to low-nitrogen condition through regulating the expression of nitrate transporter genes. This study reveals the possible functions of SiMYB42 in a low-nitrogen stress response pathway, and provides a foundation for further understanding the entire regulation network of foxtail millet in response to low-nitrogen stress.