RESUMEN
Mycobacterium tuberculosis RD-Rio strains are still rare in the former Soviet Union countries and Asia. We describe a strain in Kazakhstan that belongs to the RD-Rio secondary branch, which is endemic to northwest Russia and eastern Europe. Although RD-Rio strains are frequently multidrug resistant, this heterogeneous branch included only drug-susceptible isolates.
Asunto(s)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis/clasificación , Tuberculosis/epidemiología , Tuberculosis/microbiología , Antituberculosos/farmacología , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana Múltiple , Genotipo , Humanos , Kazajstán/epidemiología , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Repeticiones de Minisatélite , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/efectos de los fármacos , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/genética , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/aislamiento & purificación , Filogenia , Vigilancia de la PoblaciónAsunto(s)
Técnicas de Diagnóstico Molecular/métodos , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/aislamiento & purificación , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Tuberculosis/diagnóstico , Proteínas Bacterianas/genética , ADN Bacteriano/genética , Variación Genética , Genotipo , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/genética , Federación de Rusia , Factor sigma/genética , Factores de Tiempo , Tuberculosis/microbiología , Tuberculosis Resistente a Múltiples Medicamentos/diagnóstico , Tuberculosis Resistente a Múltiples Medicamentos/microbiologíaRESUMEN
We studied differences between phagocytic responses to nanoparticles (NPs) versus microparticles in the pulmonary region by synthesizing magnetite of different sizes and instilling suspensions of these particles intratracheally into rats' lungs. Ten and 50 nm particles caused a greater increase in cell counts of the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) than the instillation of microparticles. The response to 10 nm particles was weaker than to 50 nm ones, and the smaller NPs were more cytotoxic; both were more cytotoxic than the microparticles. Phagocytic activity was also studied using optical and atomic force microscopy. Phagocytes were more "loaded" in the lungs instilled with 10 nm particles as compared with those instilled with 50 nm particles; NPs of both sizes were engulfed more avidly than microparticles. We found in a separate comparative experiment that magnetite NPs were more cytotoxic than titanium dioxide and quartz suspensions having particle size distribution typical of industrial dusts.