Evaluating the confounding effects of medical therapies on potassium intake assessment in patients with heart failure.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Potassium-wasting (loop diuretics [LD]) and potassium-sparing (spironolactone) medications used for heart failure (HF) may alter renal potassium handling and confound the use of twenty-four-hour (24-h) urine collections as a surrogate marker for potassium intake, an effect that has been observed with dietary sodium assessment. The objective was to determine the strength of association between 24-h urine collections and weighed food records in assessing potassium intake in HF patients stratified by LD usage and spironolactone usage. METHODS AND RESULTS: Stable outpatients with HF simultaneously completed two 24-h urine collections and two weighed food records on consecutive days. Analyses compared patients stratified by LD and/or spironolactone use. Pearson's correlation and the Bland-Altman method of agreement assessed the relationship between the techniques. Overall, 109 patients (61 ± 11 yrs, 74% male) were included. The mean difference in dietary potassium estimated between 24-h urine collections and food records was -353 ± 1043 mg (p < 0.01) for all patients, with no differences between measures among subgroups. The association between the two methods was r = 0.551 (95% CI, 0.373 to 0.852, p < 0.001) for LD users; r = 0.287 (95% CI, 0.01 to 0.570, p = 0.050) for LD non-users; r = 0.321 (95% CI, 0.13 to 0.798, p = 0.043) for spironolactone users, and; r = 0.534 (95% CI, 0.331 to 0.747, p < 0.001) for spironolactone non-users. There were no significant mean biases identified as part of the Bland-Altman analysis. CONCLUSION: Among HF patients, potassium-wasting and potassium-sparing medications do not influence the agreement between the two methods in the assessment of potassium intake.

The World Hypertension League Science of Salt: a regularly updated systematic review of salt and health outcomes studies (Sept 2019 to Dec 2020).

The World Hypertension League Science of Salt health outcomes review series highlights high-quality publications relating to salt intake and health outcomes. This review uses a standardised method, outlined in previous reviews and based on methods developed by WHO, to identify and critically appraise published articles on dietary salt intake and health outcomes. We identified 41 articles published between September 2019 to December 2020. Amongst these, two studies met the pre-specified methodological quality criteria for critical appraisal. They were prospective cohort studies and examined physical performance and composite renal outcomes as health outcomes. Both found an association between increased/higher sodium intake and poorer health outcomes. Few studies meet criteria for high-quality methods. This review adds further evidence that dietary salt reduction has health benefits and strengthens evidence relating to health outcomes other than blood pressure and cardiovascular disease. We observe that most studies on dietary sodium do not have adequate methodology to reliably assess sodium intake and its association with health outcomes.

Further evidence that methods based on spot urine samples should not be used to examine sodium-disease relationships from the Science of Salt: A regularly updated systematic review of salt and health outcomes (November 2018 to August 2019).

The aim of this eighth Science of Salt outcomes review is to identify, summarize, and critically appraise studies on dietary sodium and health outcomes published between November 1, 2018, and August 31, 2019, to extend this series published in the Journal since 2016. The standardized Science of Salt search strategy was conducted. Studies were screened based on a priori defined criteria to identify publications eligible for detailed critical appraisal. The search strategy resulted in 2621 citations with 27 studies on dietary sodium and health outcomes identified. Two studies met the criteria for detailed critical appraisal and commentary. We report more evidence that high sodium intake has detrimental health effects. A post hoc analysis of the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) sodium trial showed that lightheadedness occurred at a greater frequency with a high sodium DASH diet compared to a low sodium DASH diet. In addition, evidence from a post-trial analysis of the Trials of Hypertension (TOHP) I and II cohorts showed that estimates of sodium intake from methods based on spot urine samples are inaccurate and this method alters the linearity of the sodium-mortality association. Compared to measurement of 24-hour sodium excretion using three to seven 24-hour urine collections, estimation of average 24-hour sodium excretion with the Kawasaki equation appeared to change the mortality association from linear to J-shaped. Only two high-quality studies were identified during the review period, both were secondary analyses of previously conducted trials, highlighting the lack of new methodologically sound studies examining sodium and health outcomes.

Effect of calf muscle electrical stimulation on rostral fluid shift, snoring and obstructive sleep apnea.

STUDY OBJECTIVES: Overnight fluid shift from the legs into the neck may contribute to the pathogenesis of snoring and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The present study investigates the effects of calf muscle electrical stimulation (ES) on reducing leg fluid accumulation while seated, subsequent rostral fluid shift on lying down, and the impact on snoring and OSA. METHODS: Sixteen non-obese, normotensive men with OSA participated in the study. On the first study day, participants sat for 150 min receiving either active or sham ES through random allocation, then lied supine for 60 min. While seated and supine, leg and neck fluid volumes were measured using bioelectrical impedance to determine the magnitude of fluid shift. On the night of the study day, participants wore a portable sleep apnea diagnostic device overnight to measure snoring and sleep apnea severity. One week later, participants crossed over to the other study condition. RESULTS: Active calf muscle ES reduced leg fluid accumulation by 46% while seated. Upon lying supine, active ES reduced fluid shift out of the legs by 17% and reduced neck fluid accumulation by 31%. This led to a 15% reduction in snoring index, but did not alleviate OSA. CONCLUSIONS: One session of calf muscle ES was effective at reducing leg fluid accumulation and rostral fluid shift, which led to a modest reduction in the snoring index, but not OSA. Despite this lack of effect of calf muscle ES in attenuating OSA severity, the reduction in the snoring index suggests that it did have an effect, albeit mild, on upper-airway mechanics.

Paucity of high-quality studies reporting on salt and health outcomes from the science of salt: A regularly updated systematic review of salt and health outcomes (April 2017 to March 2018).

The purpose of this review is to identify, summarize, and critically appraise studies on dietary salt and health outcomes that were published from April 2017 to March 2018. The search strategy was adapted from a previous systematic review on dietary salt and health. Identified studies were screened based on a priori defined criteria to identify publications eligible for detailed critical appraisals. Overall, 6747 citations were identified by the search strategy, and 42 health outcome studies were identified. Three of the 42 studies met the criteria for methodological quality and health outcomes and underwent detailed critical appraisals and commentary. In addition, a systematic review and meta-analysis was critically appraised, although it did not strictly meet our methodological criteria. All four of the studies critically appraised found that sodium reduction improved blood pressure, especially in individuals with hypertension. In addition, sodium reduction reduced albuminuria in patients with stage 1-3 chronic kidney disease. Examination of the time course of blood pressure responses to sodium reduction revealed lowering sodium in the context of an average American diet may not produce maximal blood pressure reductions within a 4-week intervention period. This review provides further evidence of the benefit of sodium reduction for blood pressure lowering and gives insights into the subgroups of the population that may derive the greatest benefit from sodium reduction and the time course required to see benefit. Only three high-quality studies were identified during this 12-month review period, highlighting the critical need for more well-conducted rigorous studies in this area.

Science of Salt: A regularly updated systematic review of salt and health outcomes studies (April to October 2018).

The Science of Salt reviews identify, summarize, and critically appraise published studies on dietary salt and health outcomes according to pre-specified methods. This review covers the period April 3 to October 30, 2018. Here, nineteen studies that fit pre-specified criteria for review and summary are included. Three of these, one prospective cohort study, one randomized controlled trial, and a post hoc analysis of the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) sodium trial fulfilled the quality criteria for detailed critical appraisal, including risk of bias assessment, and commentary. Two trials demonstrated a positive association between salt intake and blood pressure. In a cohort of older Italians, increased risk of total mortality was observed with salt intake less than ~16 g/d (6300 mg sodium/d) at baseline; no association existed for incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) or CVD mortality. The paucity of published studies which met our criteria for methodological quality is of concern.

High sodium intake increases blood pressure and risk of kidney disease. From the Science of Salt: A regularly updated systematic review of salt and health outcomes (August 2016 to March 2017).

The purpose of this review was to identify, summarize, and critically appraise studies on dietary salt and health outcomes that were published from August 2016 to March 2017. The search strategy was adapted from a previous systematic review on dietary salt and health. Studies that meet standards for methodological quality criteria and eligible health outcomes are reported in detailed critical appraisals. Overall, 47 studies were identified and are summarized in this review. Two studies assessed all-cause or disease-specific mortality outcomes, eight studies assessed morbidity reduction-related outcomes, three studies assessed outcomes related to symptoms/quality of life/functional status, 25 studies assessed blood pressure (BP) outcomes and other clinically relevant surrogate outcomes, and nine studies assessed physiologic surrogate outcomes. Eight of these studies met the criteria for outcomes and methodological quality and underwent detailed critical appraisals and commentary. Five of these studies found adverse effects of salt intake on health outcomes (BP; death due to kidney disease and initiation of dialysis; total kidney volume and composite of kidney function; composite of cardiovascular disease (CVD) events including, and risk of mortality); one study reported the benefits of salt restriction in chronic BP and two studies reported neutral results (BP and risk of CKD). Overall, these articles confirm the negative effects of excessive sodium intake on health outcomes.

Adequate intake of potassium does not cause hyperkalemia in hypertensive individuals taking medications that antagonize the renin angiotensin aldosterone system.

BACKGROUND: Reduced potassium excretion caused by angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEis) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) may increase the risk of hyperkalemia (serum potassium concentration >5 mmol/L) in the setting of increased potassium intake. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of increasing dietary potassium on serum potassium concentration in hypertensive individuals with normal renal function treated with an ACEi or ARB. We hypothesized that an increase in dietary potassium would not provoke hyperkalemia in this population despite treatment with either an ACEi or ARB. DESIGN: We conducted a controlled, parallel-design clinical trial in 20 hypertensive subjects with normal renal function treated with an ACEi or ARB, with random assignment to a usual diet or a high-potassium diet (HKD). Fruit and vegetable intake was used to increase potassium intake. Serum potassium concentration, 3-d food records, and 24-h urine collections were completed at baseline and 4 wk. RESULTS: In the usual-diet group there were no statistically significant differences for potassium excretion, intake, or serum levels at end of study compared with baseline. The HKD group had significant differences in urinary potassium excretion (83 ± 26 mmol/d at baseline compared with 109 ± 35 mmol/d at 4 wk, P = 0.01) and dietary potassium intake (3775 ± 1189 mg/d at baseline compared with 5212 ± 1295 mg/d at 4 wk, P = 0.02). Despite increased potassium intake in the HKD group, serum potassium concentrations did not significantly increase from baseline at midpoint or end of study (4.1 ± 0.6, 4.3 ± 0.3, and 4.2 ± 0.4 mmol/L, respectively). CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that an increase in dietary potassium over a 4-wk period is safe in hypertensive subjects who have normal renal function and are receiving ACEi and/or ARB therapy. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02759367.

[News of the inquiry about nursing needs and resources in the Brazilian Journal of Nursing (1955-1958)]. / Notícias do Levantamento de Recursos e Necessidades de Enfermagem na Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem (1955-1958).

Social historical study that has as object news related to the Assessment of the Resources and Needs of Nursing in Brazil published in the Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem between 1955 and 1958. The primary source is constituted of copies of Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem published within the selected period of the study. The secondary sources are constituted of books, papers, dissertations and thesis related to the Nursing history. The data analysis was supported by the secondary sources and the thought of the sociologist Pierre Bourdieu. The results evidenced that Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem, in addition to making possible the dissemination of news about the Assessment provided visibility to it and, at last, had the symbolic effect of giving power and prestige to the Brazilian Nursing.

Circunstâncias da criação do primeiro curso de Graduação em Enfermagem do Espírito Santo / Circunstancias de la creación del primer curso de Graduación en Enfermería del Espírito Santo / Circumstances of the creation of the first Graduation Course in Nursing of Espírito Santo

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar as circunstâncias da criação do primeiro curso de graduação em enfermagem do Espírito Santo a partir da expansão dos cursos de graduação em enfermagem no Brasil na década de 1970. Método: estudo sócio-histórico documental, com abordagem qualitativa. O recorte temporal compreende o período de 1972 a 1976, sendo o marco inicial demarcado pela III Reunião de Ministros da Saúde das Américas, ocorrida no Chile. Foram utilizadas como fontes primárias centrais dois documentos escritos: o relatório do trabalho intitulado "Dados sobre a formação do pessoal de enfermagem do Brasil", produzido pela Comissão de Documentação e Estudos da Associação Brasileira de Enfermagem, publicado em 1969, e o relatório "Desenvolvimento do Ensino Superior de Enfermagem no Brasil", publicado pelo Departamento de Assuntos Universitários do Ministério da Educação e da Cultura, em 1979. Resultados: a expansão do número de cursos de graduação em enfermagem no Brasil na década de 1970, a partir do Plano Decenal de Saúde Para as Américas, propiciou condições favoráveis para criação do primeiro curso de graduação em enfermagem do Espírito Santo. Conclusão: o Brasil, por meio do Departamento de Assuntos Universitários do Ministério da Educação e da Cultura e com o apoio da Associação Brasileira de Enfermagem, iniciou uma política de desenvolvimento da enfermagem, onde foram criados, na década de 1970, um expressivo número de cursos de graduação em enfermagem, possibilitando além do aumento do quantitativo de enfermeiros uma melhor distribuição geográfica desses profissionais.

RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar las circunstancias de la creación del primer curso de graduación en enfermería del Espírito Santo a partir de la expansión de los cursos de graduación en enfermería en Brasil en la década de 1970. Método: estudio socio-histórico documental, con abordaje cualitativo. El recorte temporal comprende el período de 1972 a 1976, siendo el marco inicial demarcado por la III Reunión de Ministros de Salud de las Américas, ocurrida en Chile. Se utilizaron como fuentes primarias centrales dos documentos escritos: el informe del trabajo titulado "Datos sobre la forma-ción del personal de enfermería de Brasil", producido por la Comisión de Documentación y Estudios de la Asociación Brasileña de Enfermería, publicado en 1969, y el informe "Desarrollo de la Enseñanza Superior de Enfermería en Brasil", publicado por el Departamento de Asuntos Universitarios del Ministerio de Educación y Cultura en 1979. Resultados: la expansión del número de cursos de graduación en enfermería en Brasil en la década de 1970, a partir del Plan Decenal de Salud para las Américas, propició condiciones favorables para la creación del primer curso de graduación en enfermería del Espíritu Santo. Conclusión: Brasil, a través del Departamento de Asuntos Universitarios del Ministerio de Educación y Cultura y con el apoyo de la Asociación Brasileña de Enfermería, inició una política de desarrollo de la enfermería, donde se crearon, en la década de 1970, un expresivo número de cursos de graduación en enfermería, posibilitando además del autismo del cuantitativo de enfermeros una mejor distribución geográfica de esos profesionales.

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the circumstances of the creation of the first nursing undergraduate course in Espírito Santo from the expansion of nursing undergraduate courses in Brazil in the 1970s. Method: socio-historical documentary study, with a qualitative approach. The period covered was from 1972 to 1976, the initial milestone set by the III Meeting of the Ministers of Health of the Americas, held in Chile. Two written documents were used as central primary sources: the report of the work entitled "Data on the Training of Nursing Personnel in Brazil", produced by the Documentation and Studies Commission of the Brazilian Nursing Association, published in 1969, and the report "Nursing Higher Education Development in Brazil", published by the Department of University Affairs of the Ministry of Education and Culture in 1979. Results: The increase in the number of undergraduate nursing courses in Brazil in the 1970s, based on the Ten-Year Health Plan for the Americas, provided favorable conditions for the creation of the first nursing undergraduate course in Espírito Santo. Conclusion: Brazil, through the Department of University Affairs of the Ministry of Education and Culture and with the support of the Brazilian Nursing Association, initiated a nursing development policy, in which, during the 1970s, a significant number undergraduate courses in nursing were created, allowing a better geographical distribution of nurses in addition to the increase in the number of these professionals.

Notícias do Levantamento de Recursos e Necessidades de Enfermagem na Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem (1955-1958) / News of the Inquiry about Nursing Needs and Resources in the Brazilian Journal of Nursing (1955-1958) / Noticias del Levantamiento de Necesidades y Recursos de Enfermería en la Revista Brasileña de Enfermería (1955-1958)

Estudo Histórico Social que tem como objeto notícias sobre o Levantamento de Recursos e Necessidades de Enfermagem no Brasil, publicadas na Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem entre 1955 e 1958. A fonte primária foi constituída pelos exemplares da Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem, publicados dentro do recorte temporal do estudo. As fontes secundárias foram constituídas por livros, artigos, dissertações e teses relativas à história da Enfermagem. A análise dos dados teve apoio das fontes secundárias e do pensamento do sociólogo Pierre Bourdieu. Os dados evidenciaram que a Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem, além de oportunizar a divulgação de notícias acerca do Levantamento, proporcionou visibilidade ao mesmo mediante a veiculação dessas notícias e, por fim, teve o efeito simbólico de conferir poder e prestígio à Enfermagem Brasileira.

Social historical study that has as object news related to the Assessment of the Resources and Needs of Nursing in Brazil published in the Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem between 1955 and 1958. The primary source is constituted of copies of Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem published within the selected period of the study. The secondary sources are constituted of books, papers, dissertations and thesis related to the Nursing history. The data analysis was supported by the secondary sources and the thought of the sociologist Pierre Bourdieu. The results evidenced that Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem, in addition to making possible the dissemination of news about the Assessment provided visibility to it and, at last, had the symbolic effect of giving power and prestige to the Brazilian Nursing.

Estudio Histórico Social que tiene como objeto noticias referentes al Levantamiento de Recursos y Necesidades de Enfermería en Brasil publicadas en la Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem entre 1955 y 1958. La fuente primaria se constituye de los ejemplares de la Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem publicados dentro del recorte temporal do estudio. Las fuentes secundarias están constituidas de libros, artículos disertaciones y tesis relativas a la historia de la Enfermería. El análisis de los datos tuvo apoyo de las fuentes secundarias y del pensamiento del Sociólogo Pierre Bourdieu. Los resultados evidencian que la Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem, además de posibilitar la divulgación de noticias acerca del Levantamiento proporcionó visibilidad al mismo mediante la divulgación de esas noticias y, por fin, tuve el efecto simbólico de conferir poder y prestigio a la Enfermería Brasileña.

Levantamento de recursos e necessidades de enfermagem no Brasil: estratégias para realização / Survey of resources and needs of the professional nursing practice in Brazil: strategies for its implementation

Objetivo: Descrever as providências preliminares para viabilização do Levantamento e analisar as estratégias utilizadas pelas enfermeiras envolvidas com vistas à realização do Levantamento. Métodos: Estudo histórico-social, onde as fontes utilizadas foram documentos escritos localizados no Centro de Documentação da Escola de Enfermagem Anna Nery da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro e no Centro de Memória da Associação Brasileira de Enfermagem. Resultados: O recorte temporal compreende os anos entre 1954 e 1958, abrangendo assim o período de planejamento e execução do referi o Levantamento pela Associação Brasileira de Enfermagem. A partir do VII Congresso Brasileiro de Enfermagem, em 1954 até a entrega do Relatório Final da pesquisa em 1958, as enfermeiras envolvidas no Levantamento, através da Associação, tiveram que desenvolver estratégias para viabilizar e concluir essa pesquisa. Conclusão: Nessa perspectiva, os diversos tipos de capital (econômico, social e simbólico) que conseguiu acumular e mobilizar ao seu favor mostrou-se como estratégia eficaz durante a realização do Levantamento.

Criação, implantação e consolidação do primeiro curso de graduação em enfermagem no Espírito Santo (1976-1981)

Estudo histórico-social toma como objeto a criação, implantação e consolidação do primeiro curso de graduação em enfermagem do Estado do Espírito Santo (ES), o da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES). O recorte temporal se estende de 1971 (ano de criação do curso) a 1981, que corresponde ao ano de consolidação do curso através de seu reconhecimento pelo Ministério da Educação e da Cultura (MEC) Os objetivos da tese foram: descrever as circunstâncias que determinaram a criação do primeiro curso de graduação em enfermagem no ES; analisar as estratégias do corpo docente para implantar o curso na UFES e discutir os efeitos simbólicos da consolidação do curso de graduação em enfermagem da UFES. Os achados foram iluminados pelos conceitos da Teoria do Mundo Social desenvolvida pelo sociólogo francês Pierre Bourdieu. Com relação às fontes de pesquisa, as primárias constituíram-se de documentos escritos, orais e iconográficos, enquanto que as secundárias foram compostas do acervo bibliográfico existente sobre a referida temática. Na realização do estudo, foram atendidos os preceitos éticos da Resolução 466/2012 do Conselho Federal de Saúde...

This is a historical-social study that takes as its subject the implementation andconsolidation of the first Nursing undergraduate course in the State of Espirito Santo(ES), which is the one at the Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo (UFES). Theperiod studied is from 1971 (year of the creation of the course) to 1981, whichcorresponds to the year of consolidation of the course through its recognition at theEducation and Culture Department. The objectives of the thesis were: to describe thecircumstances that determine the creation of the first Nursing undergraduate course inthe ES; to analyse the strategies of the body of professors in implementing the course atthe UFES, and to discuss the symbolic effects of the consolidation of the Nursingunderagraduate course at UFES. The findings were iluminated by the concepts of theSocial World Theory, developed by the french sociologist Pierre Bourdieu. As researchsources, the primary ones were written, oral and iconographic documents, while thesecondary were composed of the bibliographical archives about the theme. The ethicalprecepts of Resolution 466/2012, of the Federal Health Council were met in theexecution of the study...

Estudio histórico-social que toma como objeto la creación, implantación yconsolidación del primer curso de graduación en enfermería del Estado de EspíritoSanto (ES), el de la Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES). El recorte temporalse extende de 1971 (año de creación del curso) a 1981, que corresponde al año deconsolidación del curso a través de su reconocimiento por el Ministério de Educación yCultura (MEC). Los objetivos de la tesis fueran: describir las circunstancias quedeterminaran la creación del primer curso de graduación en enfermería en el ES;analizar las estrategias del cuerpo docente para implantar el curso en la UFES y discutirlos efectos simbólicos de la consolidación del curso de graduación en enfermería de laUFES. Los hachados fueran iluminados por los conceptos de la Teoría del MundoSocial, desarrolladla por el sociólogo francés Pierre Bourdieu. Con relación a las fuentesde pesquisa, las primarias fueran documentos escritos, orales e iconográficos, en cuantolas secundarias fueran compostas del acervo bibliográfico existente sobre la referidatemática. En la realización del estudio, fueran atendidos a los preceptos éticos de laResolución 466/2012 del Consejo Federal de Salud...

O processo de organização do levantamento de recursos e necessidades de enfermagem no Brasil (1954-1958) / The process of organization the survey of nursing resources and needs in Brazil (1945-1958)

Estudo histórico-social, que tomou como objeto o Levantamento de Recursos e Necessidades de Enfermagem no Brasil, pela Associação Brasileira de Enfermagem. O recorte temporal compreende o período de 1954 a 1958; o marco inicial corresponde ao ano de realização do VII Congresso Nacional de Enfermagem que recomendou a necessidade de um levantamento para avaliar a enfermagem no Brasil e o marco final vincula-se a três importantes acontecimentos: a) o Seminário Didático Internacional sobre Levantamentos de Enfermagem; b) a apresentação dos principais resultados do Levantamento, pela Comissão Técnica do Centro de Levantamentos, durante o XI Congresso Brasileiro de Enfermagem e c) o Relatório Final, apresentado ao Conselho Diretor do Centro de Levantamentos, com 46 recomendações. Nesse contexto, os objetivos da Dissertação foram: a) descrever as circunstâncias que estimularam a Associação Brasileira de Enfermagem a realizar o Levantamento de Recursos e Necessidades de Enfermagem no Brasil e b) analisar as estratégias das enfermeiras para realizar o Levantamento. Para fundamentação teórica, recorreu-se ao pensamento do sociólogo Pierre Bourdieu, especificamente, aos conceitos de habitus, campo, poder e capital (simbólico, científico, social e cultural). As fontes primárias abarcaram documentos escritos e iconográficos, localizados no acervo do Centro de Documentação da Escola de Enfermagem Anna Nery, da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (CEDOC EEAN/UFRJ), no Centro de Memória da Associação Brasileira de Enfermagem, na Biblioteca Setorial da Pós-Graduação da Escola de Enfermagem Anna Nery. As fontes secundárias abrangeram artigos, livros, teses e dissertações sobre a Universidade Brasileira, história da Enfermagem Brasileira, em especial, sobre a trajetória da Associação Brasileira de Enfermagem. Os principais resultados indicam que, durante o VII CBEn, a Associação Brasileira de Enfermagem...