Recommendations on screen time, sleep and physical activity: associations with academic achievement in Swiss adolescents.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate how meeting international recommendations for screen time (<2 h/day), moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA; at least 60 min/day) and sleep (8-10 h/night), as well as media multitasking (MMI) as a form of screen time, impact academic achievement in early adolescence. STUDY DESIGN: A prospective design was used, where self-report measures were collected during the spring semester and academic achievement at the end of the school year. METHODS: A total of 1208 grade 3 middle school students (Mage = 13.55 years, SDage = 0.60) in 37 Swiss schools filled out a paper-and-pencil questionnaire including measures of screen time (covering watching television, playing video games, Internet use, smartphone use and social media use), MMI, sleep time and time for MVPA. To evaluate academic achievement, end-term grades were provided by the collaborating education administration for Italian, Maths, Science, History, Geography, Music and Visual arts. RESULTS: After adjustment for covariates, such as gender, socio-economic status, body mass index and stressful life events, multivariate linear mixed-effect models, nesting participants in schools, showed that meeting recommendations for screen time (B = 0.12, ß = 0.105, P < 0.001) and MVPA (B = 0.09, ß = 0.09, P = 0.001), but not sleep (B = 0.05, P = 0.087), were associated with higher academic achievement. Considering the number of recommendations met, meeting all three recommendations improved academic achievement the most (B = 0.24, ß = 0.21, P < 0.001), followed by meeting the guidelines for screen time + MVPA (B = 0.20, ß = 0.15, P < 0.001) and for screen time + sleep (B = 0.21, ß = 0.13, P < 0.001). In the fully adjusted model, multitasking with two or more media was related to a worse academic achievement. CONCLUSIONS: Screen time (including MMI), sleep and MVPA impact academic achievement in adolescence; hence, governmental organisations and schools should raise awareness about the positive and negative effects of following or not recommendations for MVPA, sleep and screen time among adolescents and their parents. In addition, support should be provided to promote sufficient sleep and MVPA while limiting overall screen time and parallel device use.

Functioning and Disability in Leprosy.

This study has been carried out to investigate the frequency of musculoskeletal symptoms in people affected by leprosy and correlate this to their functional capacity to perform daily living and working activities and to their degree of disability. This cross-sectional study was performed on 100 clients who answered a questionnaire on personal and clinical data, the Nordic Musculoskeletal (QNSO), and the shoulder, arm and hand dysfunction (DASH) questionnaires. The mean age was 53.63 years and there was a predominance of men (67%), low education (53%), and multibacillary disease (84%). Physical impairment affected 95% of respondents and 92% indicated pain and/or paresthesia in the arms that interfered in functional capacity.Respondents with musculoskeletal symptoms have more difficulty to perform daily living and working activities compared to those without musculoskeletal symptoms (p-value<0.05). The presence of physical disabilities was not associated with difficulties to perform daily living (p-value=0.29) and labor activities (p-value=0.87). The majority of patients experienced pain and/or paresthesia of the arms, and this was associated with difficulties to perform daily living and working activities. However, the presence of physical disability does not seem to cause major impediments or limitations to perform these activities.

Instrumentos de avaliação funcional da mão: uma análise crítica de cinco testes

A mão é parte essencial do corpo humano. Graças às suas funções, é um instrumento de ação indispensável para conseguirmos nossa independência e satisfazer nossas necessidades básicas. A perda de qualquer uma dessas funções da mão resulta em déficits desse processo. No Instituto Lauro de Souza Lima, o setor de Terapia Ocupacional atende uma grande demanda de pacientes da Ortopedia e Neurofisiatria com diferentes patologias associadas a lesões nervosas periféricas, entre as quais, a principal é a Hanseníase. O setor já conta com um protocolo de monitoração neural que auxilia na prevenção de incapacidades norteando condutas da equipe de reabilitação, mas não há um protocolo validado que guie a equipe para os pacientes em reabilitação cirúrgica. Desta forma, houve a necessidade de inserir um instrumento de avaliação funcional da mão quantitativo para aplicação na rotina dos atendimentos pré e pós-operatórios.

Avaliação de sintomas depressivos na hanseníase

Na hanseníase vários fatores podem comprometer a decisão do paciente em se responsabilizar por seu próprio cuidado: o estigma, baixa autoestima, o isolamento social, rejeição familiar, baixa perspectiva profissional, limitações físicas, dor, entre outros. Esses fatores podem ser considerados um risco para o desenvolvimento de sintomas depressivos na hanseníase.

Estratégias de enfrentamento do paciente com deficiências físicas na hanseníase

Na hanseníase, os pacientes podem vivenciar um prejuízo das condições emocionais de maneiras diferentes, podendo comprometer sua estabilidade e segurança. O enfrentamento das deficiências físicas depende de como o paciente se vê frente ao problema, em função da perda do trabalho, dificuldade em realizar atividades de lazer e atividades de vida diária e prática (AVDs e AVPs). Objetivo: Avaliar as estratégias de enfrentamento utilizadas pelo paciente com deficiência física e identificar as dificuldades na execução das AVDs e AVPs, decorrentes da doença.

Sintomas depressivos, trabalho e grau de incapacidade em pessoas com deficiências na hanseníase

A depressão é o transtorno psiquiátrico mais comum na hanseníase. Objetivo: verificar a frequência dos sintomas depressivos e sua relação com o grau de incapacidade (GI) e com as variáveis sociodemográficas.