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1.
Nature ; 629(8014): 1133-1141, 2024 May.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38750368

RESUMEN

The N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor is a glutamate-activated cation channel that is critical to many processes in the brain. Genome-wide association studies suggest that glutamatergic neurotransmission and NMDA receptor-mediated synaptic plasticity are important for body weight homeostasis1. Here we report the engineering and preclinical development of a bimodal molecule that integrates NMDA receptor antagonism with glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonism to effectively reverse obesity, hyperglycaemia and dyslipidaemia in rodent models of metabolic disease. GLP-1-directed delivery of the NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801 affects neuroplasticity in the hypothalamus and brainstem. Importantly, targeting of MK-801 to GLP-1 receptor-expressing brain regions circumvents adverse physiological and behavioural effects associated with MK-801 monotherapy. In summary, our approach demonstrates the feasibility of using peptide-mediated targeting to achieve cell-specific ionotropic receptor modulation and highlights the therapeutic potential of unimolecular mixed GLP-1 receptor agonism and NMDA receptor antagonism for safe and effective obesity treatment.


Asunto(s)
Maleato de Dizocilpina , Péptido 1 Similar al Glucagón , Receptor del Péptido 1 Similar al Glucagón , Obesidad , Receptores de N-Metil-D-Aspartato , Animales , Humanos , Masculino , Ratones , Ratas , Tronco Encefálico/metabolismo , Tronco Encefálico/efectos de los fármacos , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Maleato de Dizocilpina/efectos adversos , Maleato de Dizocilpina/farmacología , Maleato de Dizocilpina/uso terapéutico , Dislipidemias/tratamiento farmacológico , Dislipidemias/metabolismo , Péptido 1 Similar al Glucagón/metabolismo , Receptor del Péptido 1 Similar al Glucagón/agonistas , Receptor del Péptido 1 Similar al Glucagón/metabolismo , Hiperglucemia/tratamiento farmacológico , Hiperglucemia/metabolismo , Hipotálamo/efectos de los fármacos , Hipotálamo/metabolismo , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Plasticidad Neuronal/efectos de los fármacos , Obesidad/tratamiento farmacológico , Obesidad/metabolismo , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Ratas Wistar , Receptores de N-Metil-D-Aspartato/metabolismo , Receptores de N-Metil-D-Aspartato/antagonistas & inhibidores
2.
Cell Rep ; 40(8): 111258, 2022 08 23.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36001956

RESUMEN

Metformin is a blood-glucose-lowering medication with physiological effects that extend beyond its anti-diabetic indication. Recently, it was reported that metformin lowers body weight via induction of growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15), which suppresses food intake by binding to the GDNF family receptor α-like (GFRAL) in the hindbrain. Here, we corroborate that metformin increases circulating GDF15 in mice and humans, but we fail to confirm previous reports that the GDF15-GFRAL pathway is necessary for the weight-lowering effects of metformin. Instead, our studies in wild-type, GDF15 knockout, and GFRAL knockout mice suggest that the GDF15-GFRAL pathway is dispensable for the effects of metformin on energy balance. The data presented here question whether metformin is a sufficiently strong stimulator of GDF15 to drive anorexia and weight loss and emphasize that additional work is needed to untangle the relationship among metformin, GDF15, and energy balance.


Asunto(s)
Factor 15 de Diferenciación de Crecimiento , Metformina , Animales , Receptores del Factor Neurotrófico Derivado de la Línea Celular Glial/metabolismo , Factor 15 de Diferenciación de Crecimiento/metabolismo , Humanos , Metformina/farmacología , Metformina/uso terapéutico , Ratones , Obesidad/metabolismo , Pérdida de Peso
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