EMT promoting transcription factors as prognostic markers in human breast cancer.

PURPOSE: Breast cancer is one of the most common female cancers. Moreover, despite the progress in medicine, its mortality rate is still very high. Therefore, researchers are constantly looking for new prognostic factors, which may simplify disease diagnosis and optimize the therapy. Metastases are responsible for the majority of deaths caused by breast cancer. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition is one of the mechanisms of metastasis, which is controlled by specific transcription factors. In the recent years, many researchers studied the prognostic value of factors promoting the epithelial-mesenchymal transition in patients with breast cancer. This work is an attempt to summarize the current state of knowledge on this issue. METHODS: A systemic search of peer-reviewed articles published between November 2005 and February 2016 was performed using PubMed/MEDLINE database. Most cited articles constituted original papers, although single review articles were also included. RESULTS: Based on the so far conducted studies, a promising conclusion can be drawn, that several described factors might serve as a putative negative prognostic marker in breast cancer. CONCLUSIONS: Obtained results of this review should encourage researchers to conduct further clinical trials on large patient groups which will evaluate the prognostic value of EMT transcription factors in breast cancer course.

[Nanopesticides - Light or dark side of the force?] / Nanopestycydy ­ jasna czy ciemna strona mocy?

Nanotechnology has been used in many branches of industry, including agriculture, where nanomaterials are used as carriers of chemical plant protection compounds, as well as active ingredients. Meanwhile, the effects of nanopesticides exposure on the human body are unknown. Due to their occupation, farmers should be particularly monitored. This paper summarizes the use of nanoparticles in agriculture, the route of potential exposure for agricultural workers and the current state of knowledge of nanopesticides toxicity to mammalian cells. The authors also discuss techniques for detecting nanoparticles in the workplace, as well as biomarkers and effects of exposure. The results of this review indicate that the use of nanotechnology in agriculture can bring measurable benefits by reducing the amount of chemicals used for plant protection. However, there is no research available to determine whether or not the use of pesticide nanoformulations increases the harmful effects of pesticides. Moreover, the results of research on cell lines and in animal models suggest that nanoparticles used as active substance are toxic to mammalian cells. Interestingly, there is also a complete lack of epidemiological studies on this subject. In the nearest future the effects of exposure to nanopesticides may require a particular attention paid by scientists and medical doctors who, treat agricultural workers and their families. Med Pr 2017;68(3):423-432.

Proteomic approach to nanotoxicity.

UNLABELLED: In recent years a large number of engineered nanomaterials (NMs) have been developed with promising technical benefits for consumers and medical appliances. In addition to already known potentially advantageous biological properties (antibiotic, antifungal and antiviral activity) of NMs, many new medical applications of NMs are foreseen, such as drug carriers, contrast agents, radiopharmaceuticals and many others. However, there is increasing concern about potential environmental and health effects due to NMs exposure. An increasing body of evidence suggests that NMs may trigger undesirable hazardous interactions with biological systems with potential to generate harmful effects. In this review we summarized a current state of knowledge on the proteomics approaches to nanotoxicity, including protein corona formation, in vitro and in vivo effects of exposure to NMs on proteome of different classes of organisms, from bacteria and plants to mammals. The effects of NMs on the proteome of environmentally relevant organisms are also described. SIGNIFICANCE: Despite the benefit that development of nanotechnology may bring to the society, there are still major gaps of knowledge on the influence of nanomaterials on human health and the environment. Thus, it seems necessary to conduct further interdisciplinary research to fill the knowledge gaps in NM toxicity, using more holistic approaches than offered by conventional biological techniques. "OMICS" techniques will certainly help researchers in this field. In this paper we summarized the current stage of knowledge of the effects of nanoparticles on the proteome of different organisms, including those commonly used as an environmentally relevant indicator organisms.

Effect of Prenatal Exposure to Pesticides on Children's Health.

The aim of this study was to summarize the current state of knowledge on pesticide-related fertility problems and disadventeges of childrens due to prenatal pesticides exposure. Available literature was analyzed. Due to the extent of the issue, the study focuses on epidemiological studies conducted in humans, despite evidence from in vitro and animal studies. It seems certain that exposure to harmful chemicals is one of the factors that may cause a decline in fertility and problems with conceiving, whereas exposure during pregnancy can impair foetal development. Prenatal exposure may also result in the occurrence of childhood cancer and neurobehavioral disorders. The meaning of the project is to summarize the role of pesticides in the process of reproduction. This applies especially to people working in agriculture, since they might be occupationally exposed to pesticides.