RESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate whether atypical urine cytology cases may be stratified more objectively using The Paris System (TPS) and whether reclassified cases correlate with histology and UroVysion® results. METHODS: Atypical urine cytology cases subjected to UroVysion® testing over a period of 6 years were reviewed. Each case was reclassified according to TPS and correlated with histology and UroVysion® results. RESULTS: A total of 91 cases were identified; 70.3% were reclassified as 'negative for high-grade urothelial carcinoma (HGUC)' and 14.3% as 'atypical urothelial cells (AUC)'. The histological correlation was available in 45 cases. In the 'negative for HGUC' category, 67.9% had no histological evidence of malignancy, but 17.9% were diagnosed as HGUC. In the 'AUC' category, histology revealed urothelial carcinoma in 70% of the cases (of these, 71.4% were high grade). There was no histological evidence of malignancy in 30% of cases; notably, all of which were from patients under surveillance. The sensitivity and specificity of UroVysion® were 85.7% and 33.3% in the 'AUC' group and 62.5% and 100% in the 'negative for HGUC' group. CONCLUSIONS: The Paris System is an objective template for reporting urine cytology specimens, and is particularly useful in identifying HGUC cases and refining the category of 'AUC'.
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Carcinoma de Células Transicionales/patología , Células Epiteliales/patología , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria/patología , Neoplasias Urológicas/patología , Urotelio/patología , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Carcinoma de Células Transicionales/diagnóstico , Femenino , Técnicas Histológicas/métodos , Humanos , Hibridación Fluorescente in Situ , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria/diagnóstico , Orina/citologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Methods for determining the origin of BK virus (BKV)-infected cells (decoy cells) in clinical urine samples have not been established although they could enhance the diagnosis of BKV infection in immunocompromised patients. METHODS: We performed simultaneous immunostaining with anti-S100P (a urothelial marker) and anti-SV40 antibodies in 66 clinical urine samples exhibiting SV40 positivity and a decoy-cell appearance on Papanicolaou staining. The clinical voided urine samples included seven cases of renal transplantation, 47 cases of cancer therapy and 12 cases of non-neoplastic disease. SurePath(™) liquid-based cytology was used for the urine samples. RESULTS: BKV-infected cells were categorized as SV40(+)/S100P(+) and SV40 (+)/S100p(-). SV40(+)/S100P(-) cells were found in 55 cases (83.4%); nine cases (13.6%) carried both SV40(+)/S100P(-) and SV40(+)/S100P(+) cells. The former were identified as BKV infection in renal tubules and the latter in both the renal tubules and urothelial epithelia. The remaining two cases (3.0%) had only SV40(+)/S100P(+) cells of urothelial origin. CONCLUSION: Simultaneous immunostaining with anti-S100P and anti-SV40 is a useful method for determining the origin of BKV-infected cells in clinical urine samples from immunocompromised patients such as renal transplantation recipients.
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Anticuerpos/inmunología , Virus BK/inmunología , Proteínas de Unión al Calcio/inmunología , Proteínas de Neoplasias/inmunología , Infecciones por Polyomavirus/orina , Virus 40 de los Simios/inmunología , Infecciones Tumorales por Virus/orina , Orina/virología , Biomarcadores/orina , Humanos , Infecciones por Polyomavirus/diagnóstico , Infecciones por Polyomavirus/inmunología , Infecciones por Polyomavirus/virología , Infecciones Tumorales por Virus/diagnóstico , Infecciones Tumorales por Virus/inmunología , Infecciones Tumorales por Virus/virología , Urotelio/inmunología , Urotelio/virologíaRESUMEN
Pancreatic cystic lesions are increasingly being detected incidentally because of the increased use of cross-sectional imaging. Squamous-lined cysts of the pancreas (lymphoepithelial cyst, epidermoid cyst, and dermoid cyst) are rare cystic lesions lined with squamous epithelium. Distinguishing squamous-lined cysts from other cystic lesions of the pancreas is important to avoid unnecessary surgery, because squamous-lined cysts of the pancreas have no malignant potential. The purpose of this review is to describe findings on computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging and the histopathological characteristics of squamous-lined cysts, and to summarize the key points of differential diagnosis for pancreatic cystic lesions.
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Imagen por Resonancia Magnética/métodos , Páncreas/diagnóstico por imagen , Páncreas/patología , Quiste Pancreático/diagnóstico , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X/métodos , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Niño , Quiste Dermoide/diagnóstico , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Quiste Epidérmico/diagnóstico , Epitelio/diagnóstico por imagen , Epitelio/patología , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Neoplasias de Células Escamosas/diagnóstico por imagen , Neoplasias de Células Escamosas/patología , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/diagnóstico por imagen , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/patología , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
A four-year-old spayed female Shiba Inu dog weighing 6.1 kg presented with ascites. Cor triatriatum dexter (CTD) without any other concurrent cardiovascular anomalies was diagnosed using echocardiography. The ostium of the abnormal membrane dividing the right atrium into two abnormal chambers was surgically excised under cardiopulmonary bypass. All clinical abnormalities were resolved after surgery. However, seven months later, ascites and CTD recurred. A balloon-expandable stent was placed at the site of recurrence, which improved caudal venous return to the right ventricle. After the second procedure, ascites were resolved, and the dog remained asymptomatic for 18 months without complications. There are previous reports of successful surgical resection of the CTD and of stenting in recurrent CTD following balloon dilation in dogs. However, to the authors' knowledge, no previous reports have described recurrent CTD in dogs after surgical resection of the CTD. In this case, as with recurrent CTD following balloon dilation, stent placement at the site of the CTD can be a viable treatment option when the abnormal membrane recurs.
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BACKGROUND: Steroid sulphatase (STS) is one of the steroid-metabolising enzymes involved in desulphating inactive steroid sulphates and oestrogen sulphotransferase (EST) sulphates active oestrogen. The roles of both STS and EST have not been examined in oestrogen-dependent non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS: We evaluated the immunoreactivity of STS and EST in NSCLC cases using immunohistochemistry. The function of STS and EST was further demonstrated using NSCLC cell lines. RESULTS: The immunoreactivity of STS and EST was detected in 49.5% and 27.8% of NSCLC cases, respectively. The immunoreactivity of STS was significantly higher in female adenocarcinoma cases. The STS-positive NSCLCs were also significantly correlated in an inversed manner with tumour size and cell proliferation and tended to be associated with better clinical outcome. However, the immunoreactivity of EST was significantly correlated with intracellular oestradiol concentration. Results of in vitro analysis demonstrated that oestrone sulphate (E1-S) induced and pregnenolone sulphate (Preg-S) inhibited the proliferation in STS-expressing cell lines. The inhibition by Preg-S was reversed by a specific progesterone receptor blocker. Simultaneous addition of E1-S and Preg-S significantly suppressed the proliferation. CONCLUSION: In NSCLC patients, STS is considered a good prognostic factor. Results of our present study also indicated the benefits of potential progesterone therapy for NSCLC patients.
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Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/enzimología , Neoplasias Pulmonares/enzimología , Esteril-Sulfatasa/metabolismo , Sulfotransferasas/metabolismo , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/patología , Línea Celular Tumoral , Femenino , Humanos , Inmunohistoquímica , Isoenzimas , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patología , Masculino , ARN Mensajero/biosíntesis , ARN Mensajero/genética , Factores Sexuales , Esteril-Sulfatasa/biosíntesis , Esteril-Sulfatasa/genética , Sulfotransferasas/biosíntesis , Sulfotransferasas/genéticaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Estrogens have important roles in ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of the breast. However, the significance of presurgical aromatase inhibitor treatment remains unclear. Therefore, we examined intratumoral concentration of estrogens and changes of clinicopathological factors in DCIS after letrozole treatment. METHODS: Ten cases of postmenopausal oestrogen receptor (ER)-positive DCIS were examined. They received oral letrozole before the surgery, and the tumour size was evaluated by ultrasonography. Surgical specimens and corresponding biopsy samples were used for immunohistochemistry. Snap-frozen specimens were also available in a subset of cases, and used for hormone assays and microarray analysis. RESULTS: Intratumoral oestrogen levels were significantly lower in DCIS treated with letrozole compared with that in those without the therapy. A great majority of oestrogen-induced genes showed low expression levels in DCIS treated with letrozole by microarray analysis. Moreover, letrozole treatment reduced the greatest dimension of DCIS, and significantly decreased Ki-67 and progesterone receptor immunoreactivity in DCIS tissues. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that estrogens are mainly produced by aromatase in DCIS tissues, and aromatase inhibitors potently inhibit oestrogen actions in postmenopausal ER-positive DCIS through rapid deprivation of intratumoral estrogens.
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Inhibidores de la Aromatasa/uso terapéutico , Neoplasias de la Mama/tratamiento farmacológico , Carcinoma Intraductal no Infiltrante/tratamiento farmacológico , Estrógenos/metabolismo , Nitrilos/uso terapéutico , Triazoles/uso terapéutico , Anciano , Aromatasa/metabolismo , Neoplasias de la Mama/metabolismo , Neoplasias de la Mama/cirugía , Carcinoma Intraductal no Infiltrante/metabolismo , Carcinoma Intraductal no Infiltrante/cirugía , Femenino , Humanos , Antígeno Ki-67/metabolismo , Letrozol , Persona de Mediana Edad , Posmenopausia , Receptores de Estrógenos/metabolismo , Receptores de Progesterona/metabolismoRESUMEN
Breast cancer, one of the most common and deleterious of all diseases affecting women, occurs in hereditary and sporadic forms. Hereditary breast cancers are genetically heterogeneous; susceptibility is variously attributable to germline mutations in the BRCA1 (ref. 1), BRCA2 (ref. 2), TP53 (ref. 3) or ataxia telangiectasia (ATM) genes, each of which is considered to be a tumour suppressor. Recently a number of germline mutations in the BRCA2 gene have been identified in families prone to breast cancer. We screened 100 primary breast cancers from Japanese patients for BRCA2 mutations, using PCR-SSCP. We found two germline mutations and one somatic mutation in our patient group. One of the germline mutations was an insertion of an Alu element into exon 22, which resulted in alternative splicing that skipped exon 22. The presence of a 64-bp polyadenylate tract and evidence for an 8-bp target-site duplication of the inserted DNA implied that the retrotransposal insertion of a transcriptionally active Alu element caused this event. Our results indicate that somatic BRCA2 mutations, like somatic mutations in the BRCA1 gene, are very rare in primary breast cancers.
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Neoplasias de la Mama/genética , Mutación , Proteínas de Neoplasias/genética , Factores de Transcripción/genética , Proteína BRCA2 , Secuencia de Bases , Análisis Mutacional de ADN , Elementos Transponibles de ADN , Femenino , Mutación de Línea Germinal , Humanos , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Secuencias Repetitivas de Ácidos NucleicosRESUMEN
A locus for familial melanoma, MLM, has been mapped within the same interval on chromosome 9p21 as the gene for a putative cell cycle regulator, p16INK4 (CDKN2) MTS1. This gene is homozygously deleted from many tumour cell lines including melanomas, suggesting that CDKN2 is a good candidate for MLM. We have analysed CDKN2 coding sequences in pedigrees segregating 9p melanoma susceptibility and 38 other melanoma-prone families. In only two families were potential predisposing mutations identified. No evidence was found for heterozygous deletions of CDKN2 in the germline of melanoma-prone individuals. The low frequency of potential predisposing mutations detected suggests that either the majority of mutations fall outside the CDKN2 coding sequence or that CDKN2 is not MLM.
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Proteínas Portadoras/genética , Cromosomas Humanos Par 9 , Melanoma/genética , Neoplasias Cutáneas/genética , Secuencia de Bases , Southern Blotting , Inhibidor p16 de la Quinasa Dependiente de Ciclina , Frecuencia de los Genes , Mutación de Línea Germinal , Humanos , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , LinajeRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Lung adenocarcinoma (LADCA) patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations are in general associated with relatively high clinical response rate to EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) but not all responded to TKI. It has therefore become important to identify the additional surrogate markers regarding EGFR-TKI sensitivity. METHODS: We first examined the effects of EGFR-TKIs, gefitinib and erlotinib, upon cell proliferation of lung adenocarcinoma cell lines. We then evaluated the gene profiles related to EGFR-TKI sensitivity using a microarray analysis. Results of microarray analysis led us to focus on carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule (CEACAM) family, CEACAM 3, 5, 6, 7, and 19, as potential further surrogate markers of EGFR-TKI sensitivity. We then examined the correlation between the status of CEACAM 3, 5, 6, 7, and 19 immunoreactivity in LADCA and clinicopathological parameters of individual cases. RESULTS: In the cases with EGFR mutations, the status of all CEACAMs examined was significantly higher than that in EGFR wild-type patients, but there were no significant differences in the status of CEACAMs between TKI responder and nonresponder among 22 patients who received gefitinib therapy. However, among 115 EGFR mutation-negative LADCA patients, both CEACAM6 and CEACAM3 were significantly associated with adverse clinical outcome (CEACAM6) and better clinical outcome (CEACAM3). CONCLUSION: CEACAMs examined in this study could be related to the presence of EGFR mutation in adenocarcinoma cells but not represent the effective surrogate marker of EGFR-TKI in LADCA patients. However, immunohistochemical evaluation of CEACAM3/6 in LADCA patients could provide important information on their clinical outcome.
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Adenocarcinoma/tratamiento farmacológico , Adenocarcinoma/metabolismo , Biomarcadores de Tumor/metabolismo , Antígeno Carcinoembrionario/metabolismo , Moléculas de Adhesión Celular/metabolismo , Receptores ErbB/antagonistas & inhibidores , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/metabolismo , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/farmacología , Adenocarcinoma/enzimología , Adenocarcinoma/genética , Adenocarcinoma del Pulmón , Antígeno Carcinoembrionario/genética , Adhesión Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Moléculas de Adhesión Celular/genética , Línea Celular Tumoral , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Receptores ErbB/genética , Receptores ErbB/metabolismo , Clorhidrato de Erlotinib , Gefitinib , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/enzimología , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , Mutación/efectos de los fármacos , Quinazolinas/farmacologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: There is a need for sensitive and specific blood-borne markers for the detection of gastric cancer. Raised serum macrophage inhibitory factor (MIF) levels have been proposed as a marker for gastric cancer diagnosis but, to date, studies have only encompassed patients from high-incidence areas. METHODS: We have compared the serum concentration of MIF in a large cohort of UK and Japanese gastric cancer patients, together with appropriate control subjects (age and gender matched). Carcinoembryonic antigen and H. pylori IgG were also measured, as was DJ-1, a novel candidate protein biomarker identified by analysis of gastric cancer cell line secretomes. RESULTS: Marked elevations of the serum concentration of MIF and DJ-1 were seen in Japanese patients with gastric cancer compared with Japanese controls, a trend not seen in the UK cohort. These results could not be accounted for by differences in age, disease stage or H. pylori status. CONCLUSION: In regions of high, but not low incidence of gastric cancer, both MIF and DJ-1 have elevated serum concentrations in gastric cancer patients, compared with controls. This suggests that differing mechanisms of disease pathogenesis may be at play in high- and low-incidence regions.
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Péptidos y Proteínas de Señalización Intracelular/sangre , Factores Inhibidores de la Migración de Macrófagos/sangre , Proteínas Oncogénicas/sangre , Neoplasias Gástricas/sangre , Neoplasias Gástricas/epidemiología , Estudios de Cohortes , Femenino , Humanos , Incidencia , Japón/epidemiología , Masculino , Estudios Prospectivos , Proteína Desglicasa DJ-1 , Reino Unido/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
Gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) belongs to the family of bombesin-like peptides. GRP was demonstrated to stimulate the proliferation and invasiveness of androgen-independent prostate carcinoma. GRP mediates its action through the membrane-bound receptor, GRP receptor (GRPR), which is characterized by a high-affinity binding for both GRP and bombesin. In human prostate cancer tissue, GRPR mRNA was reported to be detectable in more than 90% but its immunolocalizaition has not been reported. Therefore, in this study we immunolocalized GRPR in 51 human prostate cancer cases and correlated the findings with several clinicopathological parameters in order to better understand the function and regulation of GRPR in human prostate cancer. GRPR was immnolocalized in carcinoma cells and their values were significantly associated with Gleason score and immunoreactivity of estrogen receptor ßcx (ERßcx) that is one of splicing variants of ligand dependent transcription factor, ERß, and considered to be prognostic factor of prostate cancer patients. The amounts of GRPR and ERßcx mRNA in three prostate cancer cell lines PC-3, DU-145 and LNCaP evaluated by quantitative RT-PCR (qPCR) analysis were also significantly correlated. In addition, we established stable transformants of prostate carcinoma cell line PC-3 introduced with ERßcx, and confirmed that GRPR mRNA was induced in ERßcx over-expressing PC-3 cells by qPCR analysis. These results also suggest that ERßcx contributes to prostate cancer development possibly through mediating GRPR expression in carcinoma cells.
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Receptor beta de Estrógeno/genética , Receptor beta de Estrógeno/metabolismo , Neoplasias de la Próstata/genética , Neoplasias de la Próstata/metabolismo , Receptores de Bombesina/genética , Receptores de Bombesina/metabolismo , Adenocarcinoma/genética , Adenocarcinoma/metabolismo , Adenocarcinoma/patología , Anciano , Western Blotting , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Humanos , Técnicas para Inmunoenzimas , Luciferasas/metabolismo , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Clasificación del Tumor , Pronóstico , Neoplasias de la Próstata/patología , ARN Mensajero/genética , Reacción en Cadena en Tiempo Real de la Polimerasa , Células Tumorales CultivadasRESUMEN
AIMS: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is characterized by upper and lower motor neurone involvement with Bunina bodies (BBs) and TDP-43 inclusions. To elucidate the relationship between BBs and TDP-43 inclusions, we examined the spinal cord from 18 patients with ALS. METHODS: Five serial sections from lumbar cord were first stained with haematoxylin and eosin to detect BBs and subsequently immunostained with anti-TDP-43 antibody. Immunoelectron microscopy was performed on vibratome sections from two cases of ALS. RESULTS: BBs were found in 15 out of 18 cases. TDP-43 inclusions were found in all the cases. The average incidence of anterior horn cells with BBs and TDP-43 inclusions relative to the total number of neurones was 17.1% and 46.4%, respectively. The concurrence of both inclusions in the same neurones was found in 15 cases. The incidence of co-localization of BBs and TDP-43 inclusions was 15.7% of total neurones. The frequency of TDP-43 inclusions was significantly higher in neurones with BBs than in those without. Ultrastructurally, TDP-43-immunoreactive filamentous structures were intermingled with early-stage BBs, but not associated with advanced-stage BBs. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that there is a close relationship in the occurrence between BBs and TDP-43 inclusions.
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Esclerosis Amiotrófica Lateral/patología , Proteínas de Unión al ADN/metabolismo , Cuerpos de Inclusión/patología , Neuronas/patología , Médula Espinal/patología , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Esclerosis Amiotrófica Lateral/metabolismo , Proteínas de Unión al ADN/ultraestructura , Femenino , Humanos , Inmunohistoquímica , Cuerpos de Inclusión/metabolismo , Cuerpos de Inclusión/ultraestructura , Vértebras Lumbares , Masculino , Microscopía Inmunoelectrónica , Persona de Mediana Edad , Neuronas/metabolismo , Neuronas/ultraestructura , Médula Espinal/metabolismo , Médula Espinal/ultraestructuraRESUMEN
Previous studies suggested that one or more genes on chromosome 5q21 are responsible for the inheritance of familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) and Gardner's syndrome (GS), and contribute to tumor development in patients with noninherited forms of colorectal cancer. Two genes on 5q21 that are tightly linked to FAP (MCC and APC) were found to be somatically altered in tumors from sporadic colorectal cancer patients. One of the genes (APC) was also found to be altered by point mutation in the germ line of FAP and GS patients. These data suggest that more than one gene on chromosome 5q21 may contribute to colorectal neoplasia, and that mutations of the APC gene can cause both FAP and GS. The identification of these genes should aid in understanding the pathogenesis of colorectal neoplasia and in the diagnosis and counseling of patients with inherited predispositions to colorectal cancer.
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Poliposis Adenomatosa del Colon/genética , Cromosomas Humanos Par 5 , Neoplasias del Colon/genética , Mutación , Neoplasias del Recto/genética , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Secuencia de Bases , Mapeo Cromosómico , Codón/genética , ADN de Neoplasias/genética , ADN de Neoplasias/aislamiento & purificación , Ligamiento Genético , Variación Genética , Humanos , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Sondas de Oligonucleótidos , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa/métodosRESUMEN
Loss of heterozygosity data from familial tumors suggest that BRCA1, a gene that confers susceptibility to ovarian and early-onset breast cancer, encodes a tumor suppressor. The BRCA1 region is also subject to allelic loss in sporadic breast and ovarian cancers, an indication that BRCA1 mutations may occur somatically in these tumors. The BRCA1 coding region was examined for mutations in primary breast and ovarian tumors that show allele loss at the BRCA1 locus. Mutations were detected in 3 of 32 breast and 1 of 12 ovarian carcinomas; all four mutations were germline alterations and occurred in early-onset cancers. These results suggest that mutation of BRCA1 may not be critical in the development of the majority of breast and ovarian cancers that arise in the absence of a mutant germline allele.
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Neoplasias de la Mama/genética , Genes Supresores de Tumor , Mutación de Línea Germinal , Proteínas de Neoplasias/genética , Neoplasias Ováricas/genética , Factores de Transcripción/genética , Adulto , Edad de Inicio , Alelos , Proteína BRCA1 , Secuencia de Bases , Cromosomas Humanos Par 17 , Femenino , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad , Heterocigoto , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Datos de Secuencia MolecularRESUMEN
A strong candidate for the 17q-linked BRCA1 gene, which influences susceptibility to breast and ovarian cancer, has been identified by positional cloning methods. Probable predisposing mutations have been detected in five of eight kindreds presumed to segregate BRCA1 susceptibility alleles. The mutations include an 11-base pair deletion, a 1-base pair insertion, a stop codon, a missense substitution, and an inferred regulatory mutation. The BRCA1 gene is expressed in numerous tissues, including breast and ovary, and encodes a predicted protein of 1863 amino acids. This protein contains a zinc finger domain in its amino-terminal region, but is otherwise unrelated to previously described proteins. Identification of BRCA1 should facilitate early diagnosis of breast and ovarian cancer susceptibility in some individuals as well as a better understanding of breast cancer biology.
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Neoplasias de la Mama/genética , Cromosomas Humanos Par 17 , Genes Supresores de Tumor , Mutación , Proteínas de Neoplasias/genética , Neoplasias Ováricas/genética , Factores de Transcripción/genética , Alelos , Empalme Alternativo , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Animales , Proteína BRCA1 , Femenino , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad , Mutación de Línea Germinal , Haplotipos , Humanos , Escala de Lod , Masculino , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Proteínas de Neoplasias/química , Proteínas de Neoplasias/fisiología , Linaje , Fenotipo , Factores de Transcripción/química , Factores de Transcripción/fisiología , Dedos de ZincRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The three-dimensional double-echo steady-state (3D-DESS) sequence is being used to investigate sequence parameters for the assessment of knee cartilage by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). With the flip angle (FA) values that are commonly used, contrast between cartilage and synovial fluid may be too low to delineate minor lesions of the cartilage surface. PURPOSE: To investigate the value of FA maximizing contrast between cartilage and synovial fluid using the 3D-DESS sequence. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In 10 healthy volunteers (five men, five women; age range 23-48 years), 3D-DESS imaging was performed to capture median sagittal sections of the knee by adjusting FA from 10 degrees to 90 degrees. Cartilage-synovial fluid contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) was measured to determine the value of FA maximizing CNR. Water-excitation pulse was used to suppress fat signals. MRI was performed at 1.0 T using a circular polarization flex coil. RESULTS: Cartilage-synovial fluid CNR was highest with 90 degrees FA, yielding images with good contrast between cartilage and synovial fluid. CONCLUSION: Simply by increasing FA to 90 degrees in 3D-DESS imaging, the contrast between cartilage and synovial fluid increased substantially. Subtle cartilage lesions may thus be detectable using 3D-DESS sequences.
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Aumento de la Imagen/métodos , Imagenología Tridimensional/métodos , Rodilla/anatomía & histología , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética/métodos , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Valores de Referencia , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Recently, a high rate of endometrial cancer has been reported in women with hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC), suggesting a relationship between familial endometrial cancers and HNPCC. Familial endometrial cancers constitute only about 0.5% of all endometrial carcinomas and it is essential to examine family histories in detail. A mutational analysis of three DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes (hMLH1, hMSH2 and hMSH6) in patients with endometrial cancer who meet our criteria for familial predisposition to HNPCC-associated endometrial cancers was performed. Mutations were detected in 18 of the 120 patients (15.0%). Most HNPCC-related endometrial cancers do not meet the New Amsterdam Criteria for HNPCC. These clinical criteria may identify only some HNPCC-associated endometrial cancers. Establishing the correct family history for endometrial cancer patients is important for diagnosing familial endometrial carcinomas. An analysis of MMR genes may be useful for patients with endometrial cancer showing familial aggregation. In addition, gynecologists must be accurately informed, and it is important to perform large-scale, multicenter studies both nationwide and internationally.
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Neoplasias Colorrectales Hereditarias sin Poliposis/genética , Reparación de la Incompatibilidad de ADN , Neoplasias Endometriales/genética , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad , Adulto , Anciano , Neoplasias Colorrectales Hereditarias sin Poliposis/complicaciones , Análisis Mutacional de ADN , Neoplasias Endometriales/complicaciones , Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Patterns of cancer recurrence hold the key to prognosis after curative resection. This retrospective study aimed to identify a predictor and therapeutic candidate for aggressive recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS: Primary HCC tissues from 107 patients who had curative resection were analysed. Genome-wide gene expression profiles were investigated using a microarray technique, and clustering analysis was carried out based on the first diagnosis of recurrence according to the Milan criteria. Immunohistochemical expression and array-based comparative genomic hybridization (array-CGH) were also assessed. RESULTS: Microarray analysis revealed overexpression of Aurora kinase B, a chromosome passenger protein kinase, as the most significant predictor of the aggressive recurrence of HCC. Aurora kinase B protein expression was significantly associated with aggressive recurrence (P < 0.001) and prognosis (P < 0.001). Multivariable analysis identified Aurora kinase B as the only independent predictor of aggressive recurrence of HCC (P = 0.031). Array-CGH analysis showed that genomic instability was closely related to Aurora kinase B expression (P = 0.011). CONCLUSION: Aurora kinase B is an effective predictor of aggressive HCC recurrence, in relation to the genomic instability. It might be worth considering as a molecular target for the adjuvant therapy of HCC.
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Biomarcadores de Tumor/metabolismo , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/cirugía , Hepatectomía/mortalidad , Neoplasias Hepáticas/cirugía , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/diagnóstico , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinasas/metabolismo , Aurora Quinasa B , Aurora Quinasas , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/diagnóstico , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/mortalidad , Supervivencia sin Enfermedad , Expresión Génica , Inestabilidad Genómica , Humanos , Inmunohistoquímica , Neoplasias Hepáticas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Hepáticas/mortalidad , Análisis de Secuencia por Matrices de Oligonucleótidos , Pronóstico , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinasas/genética , ARN Neoplásico/análisis , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Lateralization of language function is a prominent feature of human brain function, and its underlying structural asymmetry has been recently reported in normal right-handed subjects. By means of diffusion tensor tractography (DTT), we investigated the asymmetry of the language network, namely, the arcuate fasciculus in patients in whom the unilateral language dominance was defined by Wada test. METHODS: DTT was performed in 24 patients with a focal lesion or an epileptic focus outside the C-shaped segment of the arcuate fasciculus. The arcuate fasciculus was reconstructed by placing two regions-of-interest in the deep white matter lateral to the corona radiata. The pathway was then divided into one terminating in the temporal lobe (FT tract) and the other in the parietal lobe (FP tract). The relative number and volume of the FT and FP tracts in each hemisphere were submitted to repeated measure ANOVA separately, with the hemisphere as a within-subject factor and with the side of pathology as a between subject factor. RESULTS: The FT tract showed a significantly larger number and volume in the language dominant hemisphere than in the non-dominant hemisphere, while, for the FP tract, no significant hemispheric difference was observed in the relative number or volume. There was a tendency that the FT tract was less lateralized when the pathology was located in the dominant hemisphere than in the non-dominant hemisphere. CONCLUSION: Dominance of the FT tract in the language dominant hemisphere was demonstrated for the first time in a patient population and implicated a clinical utility of DTT for non-invasive evaluation of language lateralization. Our preliminary study might indicate reorganization of the language network in conjunction with pathology.