A conserved role of the Hippo signalling pathway in initiation of the first lineage specification event across mammals.

Our understanding of the molecular events driving cell specification in early mammalian development relies mainly on mouse studies, and it remains unclear whether these mechanisms are conserved across mammals, including humans. We have shown that the establishment of cell polarity via aPKC is a conserved event in the initiation of the trophectoderm (TE) placental programme in mouse, cow and human embryos. However, the mechanisms transducing cell polarity into cell fate in cow and human embryos are unknown. Here, we have examined the evolutionary conservation of Hippo signalling, which is thought to function downstream of aPKC activity, in four different mammalian species: mouse, rat, cow and human. In all four species, inhibition of the Hippo pathway by targeting LATS kinases is sufficient to drive ectopic TE initiation and downregulation of SOX2. However, the timing and localisation of molecular markers differ across species, with rat embryos more closely recapitulating human and cow developmental dynamics, compared with the mouse. Our comparative embryology approach uncovered intriguing differences as well as similarities in a fundamental developmental process among mammals, reinforcing the importance of cross-species investigations.

A cause of porto-mesenteric pneumatosis not secondary to intestinal ischemia.

The finding of portal pneumatosis may be related to multiple etiologies such as intestinal inflammatory diseases, intestinal infectious diseases, chemotherapy and radiotherapy treatments or advanced stages of intestinal ischemia. The gold standard for diagnosis is computed tomography, and once the findings are observed, proper differential diagnosis must be asserted to prevent unnecessary laparotomies.

Motor Development among Spanish Preschool Children.

The purpose of this study was to analyze motor development of Spanish preschoolers, taking into account sex and age, being an only child, prematurity, and the practice of extracurricular activities. The sample was composed of 300 preschoolers (132 girls, 168 boys) ages 3 to 6 years. Preschoolers were tested on 12 fundamental motor skills (locomotor and object control) through the Test of Gross Motor Development-Second Edition (TGMD-2). Nonparametric analysis indicated that there are differences between girls and boys in locomotor and object control skills in the age range of 3-4 years. However, boys and girls scored similarly at the age of 5 years in locomotor development. There were not differences between only children and those who are not only children. Similarly, prematurity was not associated with locomotor and object control development. Nevertheless, those preschoolers who practice extracurricular physical activities scored significantly higher in comparison with those children do not. Further research is needed to shed light on the differences between boys and girls in object control. It may be explained by the types of extracurricular activities.

Appendicular enterobiasis / Enterobiasis apendicular

Introducción. La presencia de parásitos en el apéndice puede desencadenar, de forma excepcional, un cuadro de apendicitis aguda.El dolor es secundario a los cólicos apendiculares, sin que implique necesariamente una invasión o inflamación apendicular.Caso clínico. Presentamos el caso de una adolescente de 13 añosque consulta en urgencias por cuadro de 4 días de evolución dedolor abdominal en fosa ilíaca derecha con vómitos y anorexia. Seorienta como apendicitis aguda. La ecografía no permite visualizarel apéndice y se realiza una tomografía computarizada que muestra signos de apendicitis aguda incipiente. Se decide practicarapendicectomía, observándose en la luz apendicular estructurasparasitarias compatibles con enterobiasis. Se realiza tratamientoantihelmíntico con mebendazol, tanto para la paciente como paralos convivientes.Comentarios. La infestación por Enterobius vermicularis puedeafectar al apéndice, causando un síndrome apendicular, por lo quela enterobiasis debe incluirse en el diagnóstico diferencial del dolor abdominal agudo. Para resolver el proceso, además de la apendicectomía, si existen signos de inflamación apendicular, es necesario realizar un tratamiento antihelmíntico con mebendazol. (AU)

Introduction. Parasitic infestation is a very uncommon cause ofacute appendicitis. Helminths can cause appendicular colic due toobstruction without involving invasion or inflammation of the mucous membrane.Case report. We present the case of a 13-year-old girl attended inthe emergency room due to a 4-day history of acute abdominalpain in the right iliac fossa with emesis and anorexia. As ultrasound examination did not visualize the appendix, a computedtomography scan was performed, showing signs of incipient acuteappendicitis. During the appendectomy, parasitic structures compatible with enterobiasis in the appendicular lumen were observed. Anthelmintic treatment with mebendazole was administeredto both the patient and the parents.Comments. Enterobius vermicularis infestation of the appendix cancause appendicular syndrome. Enterobiasis should be included inthe differential diagnosis of abdominal pain. Antihelminthictreatment with mebendazole is required to resolve the process together with appendectomy if there are signs of appendicular inflammation. (AU)

Introducció. La presència de paràsits a l’interior de l’apèndix pot desencadenar, de manera excepcional, un quadre d’apendicitis aguda. El dolor és secundari a còlics apendiculars, sense implicar necessàriament invasió o inflamació de l’apèndix. Cas clínic. Presentem el cas d’una adolescent de 13 anys que consulta a urgències per quadre de 4 dies d’evolució de dolor abdominal a la fossa ilíaca dreta amb vòmits i anorèxia. Inicialment s’orienta com a apendicitis aguda. L’ecografia abdominal no permet visualitzar l’apèndix i per tomografia computada s’observen signes d’apendicitis aguda incipient. Es procedeix a apendicectomia, i a la llum apendicular s’observen estructures parasitàries compatibles amb Enterobius vermicularis. S’inicia tractament antihelmíntic amb mebendazole, tant per a la pacient com per als convivents. Comentaris. L’enterobiasi s’ha d’incloure en el diagnòstic diferencial de dolor abdominal agut, perquè la infestació per Enterobius vermicularis afecta l’apèndix pot causar síndrome apendicular. Per tal de resoldre el procés, cal fer un tractament antihelmíntic amb mebendazole, juntament amb apendicectomia si hi ha signes d’inflamació apendicular. (AU)

Causa de neumatosis porto-mesentérica no secundaria a isquemia intestinal / A cause of porto-mesenteric pneumatosis not secondary to intestinal ischemia

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