Digital technology and its effects on knowledge improvement for diabetes management: An integrative review.

AIM: To evaluate the effectiveness of educational digital technology in improving patients' and health professionals' knowledge about diabetes management. BACKGROUND: The use of digital technologies has been expanding in recent years in several areas of healthcare and education. DESIGN: Integrative literature review. DATA SOURCES: The following databases were searched: PubMed, Lilacs, BDENF, Web of Science and SciELO (1 January 2016 and 31 December 2020). REVIEW METHODS: Titles and abstracts were screened and selected by independent reviewers based on eligibility criteria. A consensus was drawn on which articles should be included. Data were extracted using an instrument created by the authors, and the synthesis of knowledge was made by compiling the results in a table and identifying thematic axes. RESULTS: Seventy-one articles were retrieved, and after the final analysis, a total of 11 were included. Most studies have pointed out benefits from the use of digital technologies in diabetes education, with two thematic categories emerging: 'Digital technologies in the education of patients with diabetes' and 'Digital technologies in continuing professional education in diabetes'. CONCLUSION: The use of digital technologies is beneficial and effective both for continuing professional education and educating patients about diabetes management.

E-MunDiabetes: A Mobile Application for Nursing Students on Diabetes Education During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic caused tremendous disruption of health systems worldwide. Patients with diabetes are at a high risk of COVID-19 exposure because face-to-face consultations have been standard for diabetes management. This study describes the development and validation of a mobile application for nursing students on diabetes education during the COVID-19 pandemic. The application was developed by a certified diabetes educator nurse and by a freelance programmer and, in the next step, validated in terms of content and appearance by a group of expert nurses on diabetes (n = 29), nursing students (n = 40), and information technology experts (n = 11). Validity indexes of 0.99 for content and 0.92 for appearance were obtained, and usability values of 78.9 (±15.3) and 78.2 (±10.8) were obtained from nursing and information technology experts, respectively. The self-assessment and satisfaction items evaluated by nursing students had a total agreement of 96.3% and an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.91. Both the content and the appearance of the application were considered adequate, and the usability scores indicate that the application is useful and easy to use.

The Methionine 549 and Leucine 552 Residues of Friedelin Synthase from Maytenus ilicifolia Are Important for Substrate Binding Specificity.

Friedelin, a pentacyclic triterpene found in the leaves of the Celastraceae species, demonstrates numerous biological activities and is a precursor of quinonemethide triterpenes, which are promising antitumoral agents. Friedelin is biosynthesized from the cyclization of 2,3-oxidosqualene, involving a series of rearrangements to form a ketone by deprotonation of the hydroxylated intermediate, without the aid of an oxidoreductase enzyme. Mutagenesis studies among oxidosqualene cyclases (OSCs) have demonstrated the influence of amino acid residues on rearrangements during substrate cyclization: loss of catalytic activity, stabilization, rearrangement control or specificity changing. In the present study, friedelin synthase from Maytenus ilicifolia (Celastraceae) was expressed heterologously in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Site-directed mutagenesis studies were performed by replacing phenylalanine with tryptophan at position 473 (Phe473Trp), methionine with serine at position 549 (Met549Ser) and leucine with phenylalanine at position 552 (Leu552Phe). Mutation Phe473Trp led to a total loss of function; mutants Met549Ser and Leu552Phe interfered with the enzyme specificity leading to enhanced friedelin production, in addition to α-amyrin and ß-amyrin. Hence, these data showed that methionine 549 and leucine 552 are important residues for the function of this synthase.

Screening of 2A peptides for polycistronic gene expression in yeast.

A complexity of pathway expression in yeast compared to prokaryotes is the need for separate promoters and terminators for each gene expressed. Single transcript expression and separated protein production is possible via the use of 2A viral peptides, but detailed characterization to assess their suitability and applications is needed. The present work aimed to characterize multiple 2A peptide sequences to determine suitability for metabolic engineering applications in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We screened 22 peptides placed between fluorescent protein sequences. Cleaving efficiency was calculated by western blot intensity of bands corresponding to the cleaved and uncleaved forms of the reporter. Three out of the 22 sequences showed high cleavage efficiency: 2A peptide from Equine rhinitis B virus (91%), Porcine teschovirus-1 (85%) and Operophtera brumata cypovirus-18 (83%). Furthermore, expression of the released protein was comparable to its monocistronic expression. As a proof-of-concept, the triterpene friedelin was successfully produced in the same yeast strain by expressing its synthase with the truncated form of HMG1 linked by the 2A peptide of ERBV-1, with production titers comparable to monocistronic expression (via separate promoters). These results suggest that these peptides could be suitable for expression and translation of multiple proteins in metabolic engineering applications in S. cerevisiae.

Stryphnodendron Species Known as "Barbatimão": A Comprehensive Report.

Stryphnodendron spp., popularly known as "barbatimão", is the native Brazilian tree most often employed to treat wounds and infections. The aim of the present study was to highlight the importance of S. adstringens, as well as other Stryphnodendron species recognized as "barbatimão", to human health, depicting the relevance of ethnopharmacological knowledge to scientific evidence for uses, related chemical compounds, development of pharmaceutical formulations, and the establishment of toxicity parameters. For this purpose, the literature databases PubMed, Scielo, Lilacs, CAPES Thesis and Google Scholar were searched until 2017. It was observed that stem bark was the primary part of the plant used, mainly as a decoction, for wound healing and treatment of infectious and inflammatory disorders. Confirmed biological activities, including wound healing, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities, were related to the presence of compounds from tannin class, mostly proanthocyanidins. Toxicity parameters for stem bark were inconclusive, but toxicity was observed to a significant extent when seeds were ingested by cattle or other animals. Due to these important and confirmed biological activities, government policy encourages the phytotherapic use of S. adstringens, and some formulations with stem bark extracts were developed and patented. Furthermore, antiprotozoal, hypoglycemic and antiviral activities were identified as promising.

Friedelin in Maytenus ilicifolia Is Produced by Friedelin Synthase Isoforms.

Triterpenes are interesting compounds because they play an important role in cell homeostasis and a wide variety exhibiting defense functions is produced by plant secondary metabolism. Those same plant secondary metabolites also exhibit biological properties with promising therapeutic potential as anti-inflammatory and antitumor agents. Friedelin is a triterpene ketone with anti-inflammatory and gastroprotective activities and it is a precursor of relevant antitumor quinonemethides. Although many triterpene synthases have been described, only two friedelin synthases were characterized and there is no information about their genomic features and alleles. In the present work, we aimed to identify the gene and new isoforms of friedelin synthase in Maytenus ilicifolia leaves to be functionally characterized in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The gene sequence analysis elucidated the exon/intron structure and confirmed the presence of single nucleotide polymorphisms with four non-synonymous mutations outside the active site of the enzyme. Therefore, two new isoforms were observed and the heterologous production of the enzymes in yeast showed similar production of friedelin. This first description of different alleles of the gene of friedelin synthase in M. ilicifolia can guide their validation as markers for friedelin-producer specimens.

The Combined Use of Proteomics and Transcriptomics Reveals a Complex Secondary Metabolite Network in Peperomia obtusifolia.

Peperomia obtusifolia, an ornamental plant from the Piperaceae family, accumulates a series of secondary metabolites with interesting biological properties. From a biosynthesis standpoint, this species produces several benzopyrans derived from orsellinic acid, which is a polyketide typically found in fungi. Additionally, the chiral benzopyrans were reported as racemic and/or as diastereomeric mixtures, which raises questions about the level of enzymatic control in the cyclization step for the formation of the 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran moiety. Therefore, this article describes the use of shotgun proteomic and transcriptome studies as well as phytochemical profiling for the characterization of the main biosynthesis pathways active in P. obtusifolia. This combined approach resulted in the identification of a series of proteins involved in its secondary metabolism, including tocopherol cyclase and prenyltransferases. The activity of these enzymes was supported by the phytochemical profiling performed in different organs of P. obtusifolia. However, the polyketide synthases possibly involved in the production of orsellinic acid could not be identified, suggesting that orsellinic acid may be produced by endophytes intimately associated with the plant.

Antioxidant Activity and Validation of Quantification Method for Lycopene Extracted from Tomato.

Lycopene is a carotenoid found in tomatoes with potent antioxidant activity. The aim of the study was to obtain an extract containing lycopene from four types of tomatoes, validate a quantification method for the extracts by HPLC, and assess its antioxidant activity. Results revealed that the tomatoes analyzed contained lycopene and antioxidant activity. Salad tomato presented the highest concentration of this carotenoid and antioxidant activity. The quantification method exhibited linearity with a correlation coefficient of 0.9992. Tests for the assessment of precision, accuracy, and robustness achieved coefficients with variation of less than 5%. The LOD and LOQ were 0.0012 and 0.0039 µg/mL, respectively. Salad tomato can be used as a source of lycopene for the development of topical formulations, and based on performed tests, the chosen method for the identification and quantification of lycopene was considered to be linear, precise, exact, selective, and robust.

Chemical characterization and acaricide potential of essential oil from aerial parts of Tagetes patula L. (Asteraceae) against engorged adult females of Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille, 1806).

Rhipicephalus sanguineus, commonly known as the brown dog tick, is one of the most widely distributed species of tick. In dogs, it can cause anemia and provide the transmission of pathogenic microorganisms such as Babesia canis, Ehrlichia canis, Hepatozoon canis, Anaplasma platys, and Mycoplasma haemocanis. To man, it can transmit the intracellular parasites Rickettsia rickettsii and Rickettsia conorii, the causative agents of the Rocky Mountain spotted fever in the Americas and Mediterranean and spotted fever in Europe and North Africa. Its control is performed by applying synthetic formulations composed of pyrethroids; however, continued use of these products results in environmental damage and acquisition of resistance. Alternatively, studies with botanical insecticides have been increasingly recurrent. Therefore, this study aimed to test the efficacy of essential oil of Tagetes patula, a ruderal species widely described in the literature for its insecticidal properties, in engorged females of R. sanguineus by the adults immersion test (AIT) and impregnated paper disk test (IPDT). The essential oil used, through gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry, revealed the presence of 55 compounds, being the 4-vinyl guaiacol and gamma terpinene the majority ones. The AIT compared to the IPDT was more efficient in inhibiting oviposition of tick; however, the eggs laid by the females submitted to saturated atmosphere with essential oil, from IPDT, not hatched, interrupted their development cycle. Besides being a pioneer work, the results presented here contributes to new researches, aiming the incorporation of essential oil in an acaricide for use in the environment.

Anti-Candida targets and cytotoxicity of casuarinin isolated from Plinia cauliflora leaves in a bioactivity-guided study.

In addition to the bio-guided investigation of the antifungal activity of Plinia cauliflora leaves against different Candida species, the major aim of the present study was the search for targets on the fungal cell. The most active antifungal fraction was purified by chromatography and characterized by NMR and mass spectrometry. The antifungal activity was evaluated against five Candida strains according to referenced guidelines. Cytotoxicity against fibroblast cells was determined. The likely targets of Candida albicans cells were assessed through interactions with ergosterol and cell wall composition, porosity and architecture. The chemical major component within the most active antifungal fraction of P. cauliflora leaves identified was the hydrolysable tannin casuarinin. The cytotoxic concentration was higher than the antifungal one. The first indication of plant target on cellular integrity was suggested by the antifungal activity ameliorated when using an osmotic support. The most important target for the tannin fraction studied was suggested by ultrastructural analysis of yeast cell walls revealing a denser mannan outer layer and wall porosity reduced. It is possible to imply that P. cauliflora targeted the C. albicans cell wall inducing some changes in the architecture, notably the outer glycoprotein layer, affecting the cell wall porosity without alteration of the polysaccharide or protein level.

Non-pharmacological management of neonatal pain: a systematic review.

INTRODUCTION: Shortly after birth, neonates are exposed to several painful medical procedures, such as newborn metabolic screening, vaccination and venipuncture, without proper management of pain. Unpleasant experiences during the neonatal period are proven to be associated with negative long-term consequences. Non-pharmacological interventions have been studied, although rarely administered and seldom documented. The aim of this systematic review was to assess non-pharmacological approaches to neonatal pain during diagnostic and treatment procedures. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: Extensive literature research to access randomized controlled trials on non-pharmacological pain management in neonates was performed in MEDLINE (through PubMed), Scopus and Web of Science from October 2011 to September 2021. First analysis included all article titles and abstracts screening to identify relevant studies, and second analysis included a full-text screening of previously selected studies. Eligibility was assessed independently by two authors, and disagreements were resolved by discussion and consensus. In the end, 19 published studies were included, representing a total of 1930 newborns. Main outcome, neonatal pain, was assessed by different neonatal pain evaluation scales. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: Non-pharmacological interventions including sucrose/glucose solutions, non-nutritive sucking, breastfeeding, olfactive stimulus, auditory stimulus and sensory stimulus (skin-to-skin care, kangaroo/maternal holding, heat, therapeutic massage, swaddling/facilitated tucking and acupressure) showed decreased behavioral and physiologic pain responses. CONCLUSIONS: Evidence suggests non-pharmacological approaches are safe, effective and can be easily applied in daily practice. There is the need for continued research on non-pharmacological interventions on neonatal pain to help healthcare providers build a tailored pain treatment plan for neonates submitted to procedural pain.

Orofacial clefts: Reflections on prenatal diagnosis and family history based on a series of cases of a tertiary children hospital.

Prenatal diagnosis of orofacial clefts allows adequate counseling and planning for prenatal care and delivery. In 2001, two-dimensional ultrasound screening became universally used in Portugal by government guidelines, and after 2007 more advanced ultrasound became available. This study aimed to describe the prevalence of family history in patients with orofacial clefts and analyze prenatal diagnosis in patients born before 2001, between 2001 and 2007 and after 2007. Retrospective analysis of a cohort of patients with orofacial clefts followed by the trans-disciplinary team of a tertiary hospital. A total of 672 OFCs were identified: 40.9% isolated cleft palate, 38.1% cleft lip and palate, 19.7% cleft lip and 1.3% atypical cleft; 57.1% were male. The prevalence of family history was 26.0% of which 30.9% had a recognizable syndrome. Of those born before 2001, 13.7% had prenatal diagnosis; of those born between 2001 and 2007, 32.6% orofacial clefts were diagnosed in utero; and in children born after 2007, prenatal diagnosis increased to 47.1%. In our study, about one-fourth of children had a positive family history. Since the implementation of universal ultrasound screening in Portugal, more orofacial clefts were identified in utero (42.5% vs. 13.7%; p < 0.05) and after the availability of advanced ultrasound, prenatal diagnosis increased to 47.1% (vs. 20.4% before 2007; p < 0.05). Of all orofacial clefts diagnosed prenatally, ultrasound revealed more accuracy for the diagnosis of cleft lip and palate (65.4%) and cleft lip (24.8%). Cleft palate is the most difficult to detect in utero (9.3%). Prenatal ultrasound screening in Portugal has technically evolved with consequent better diagnostic accuracy for the identification of orofacial clefts, allowing better parenteral counseling.

The importance of logical thinking for clinical nursing care.

OBJECTIVE: To present a reflection on the importance of logical thinking for clinical nursing care. METHOD: Reflection paper. REFLECTION: The exercise of an effective clinical care brings with it the need for logical thinking and adequate reasoning for safe and effective nursing practices. Therefore, training based on philosophical principles that encourage the increase of logical and critical thinking is considered unquestionable, ensuring professionals the systematization of assistance with the application of the nursing process based on scientific understanding and strong arguments supported by the path of truthfulness, morality, ethics and critical self-reflection in order to value clinical practices. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: The importance of logical thinking for nursing care is ratified here, supporting nursing care systematization and the nursing process stages. Thus, nurses can use clinical reasoning skills to deliver a humane, ethical, and effective professional performance.

Digital technologies in the care of people with diabetes during the COVID-19 pandemic: a scoping review.

OBJECTIVE: To map evidence on the use of digital technologies in the care of people with diabetes during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHOD: This is a scoping review, based on the JBI manual, which included scientific articles and gray literature from nine primary and seven secondary databases. Articles were independently assessed by two reviewers. Rayyan® was used to select the studies. The description of study characterization is presented in a table and tables, ending in a narrative synthesis. RESULTS: A total of 1,964 studies were identified and, after selection, 23 publications remained for analysis. It turned out that telemedicine was used in all studies and remote consultation support technologies included continuous glucose monitoring devices, glucose data analysis software, insulin delivery systems, applications, audio and/or voice communication devices, which facilitated remote diabetes mellitus monitoring and management. CONCLUSION: Telehealth, monitoring technologies, insulin delivery systems and communication devices were tools used to monitor patients with diabetes during the pandemic.

Gender and leprosy: case studies in Indonesia, Nigeria, Nepal and Brazil.

There appear to be regional differences in gender ratios of leprosy patients being diagnosed and treated. In Asian countries, more men than women are registered whilst in Africa female patients outnumber males. The Netherlands Leprosy Relief (NLR) therefore initiated research into factors underlying these regional gender differences. Between 1997 and 1999, leprosy control teams in Indonesia, Nigeria, Nepal and Brazil supported by social/public health scientists, conducted comparative exploratory research. They looked at three groups of potential explanatory factors: biological, socio-cultural/economic and service-related. The studies were partially quantitative (analysis of the records of patients who according to prescription could have completed treatment) and partially qualitative (interviews/focus group discussions with patients, their relatives, community members and health staff on perceptions of leprosy, its socio-economic consequences, treatment and cure). Biological factors appeared similar in the four countries: irrespective of the M/F ratio, more men than women were registered with multibacillary (MB) leprosy. Strong traditions, the low status of women, their limited mobility, illiteracy and poor knowledge of leprosy appeared to be important sociocultural factors explaining why women were under reporting. Yet, accessible, well reputed services augmented female participation and helped to diminish stigma, which in three out of the four societies seemed greater for women than for men. These positive effects could still be higher if the services would enhance community and patient education with active participation of patients and ex-patients themselves.

Flavonoids from Plinia cauliflora (Mart.) Kausel (Myrtaceae) with antifungal activity.

Plinia cauliflora is a plant species with edible fruits but its chemical composition is not totally known yet although former studies showed its potential as antifungal agent. This work aimed the chemical analysis of the leaves, the activity against fungi species and evaluated cytotoxicity. Extract was obtained with 70% ethanol. An ethyl acetate fraction was obtained and glycosylated quercetin and myricetin were isolated. Samples were tested against Candida species, dermatophytes and entomopathogenic fungi. Cytotoxicity was evaluated against fibroblast cells. Extract showed good activity against C. albicans (minimum inhibitory concentration at 156 µg/mL), C. parapsilosis (78 µg/mL), C. krusei (19 µg/mL), Trichophyton rubrum (78 µg/mL) and Microsporum canis (156 µg/mL). Isolated compounds were more active against C. krusei and T. rubrum. The extract, which was the more active sample, demonstrated low cytotoxic effect and encourage more studies against rising non-albicans species and dermatophyte T. rubrum.

The ATC/TTC haplotype in the Interleukin 8 gene in response to Gram-negative bacteria: A pilot study.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the functionality of ATC/TTC (Hap-1) and ATT/TTC (Hap-2) Interleukin (IL) 8 gene haplotypes in the response of neutrophils to Gram-negative bacteria associated with periodontitis. DESIGN: Neutrophils were isolated by gradient centrifugation from whole peripheral blood of systemically healthy individuals presenting the two IL8 gene haplotypes. Neutrophils were stimulated with P. gingivalis, A. actinomycetemcomitans and PMA/ionomycin. Cytokine gene expression (RT-qPCR) and migration/chemotaxis (boyden chamber assay) were compared according to the presence of Hap-1 or Hap-2 haplotypes. Protein production was also evaluted in the multiplex assay using the mixed population of leukocytes present in the whole blood from the same individuals. The influence of these two haplotypes on the IL8 promoter activity was assessed in gene-reporter experiments. RESULTS: Hap-1 haplotype in neutrophils and leukocytes exacerbated the response to stimulation with Gram-negative bacteria, with higher levels of TNF-α (mRNA and protein), IL-1ß, IL-2R and IFN-γ (protein) and with increased chemotaxis. Presence of the T allele at the rs4071 polymorphism (alias -251) was associated with increased activity of IL8 proximal promoter. CONCLUSIONS: Neutrophils and leukocytes carrying the Hap-1 haplotype (ATC/TTC) in the IL8 gene present an enhanced response to stimulation with Gram-negative bacteria associated with periodontitis. Presence of the T allele (rs4073) in the IL8 proximal promoter increases transcription activity.

Adesão às recomendações de boas práticas em insulinoterapia: relação com o controle glicêmico / Adherence to good practice recommendations for insulin therapy: relation with glycemic control / Adherencia a las recomendaciones de buenas prácticas en insulinoterapia: relación con el control glucémico

Objetivo: Analisar a relação entre os níveis de adesão às recomendações de boas práticas em insulinoterapia e as métricas de controle glicêmico em pacientes com diabetes mellitus. Métodos: Estudo descritivo, transversal e quantitativo, realizado com 102 pacientes com diabetes mellitus. A coleta de dados ocorreu por meio de entrevista semiestruturada e, em caráter complementar, com dados obtidos dos prontuários. Aplicaram-se quatro instrumentos de coleta: I) formulário de caracterização sociodemográfica e clínica, II) recordatório de orientações sobre insulinoterapia, III) folha de registro da automonitorização da glicemia capilar e IV) formulário de registro das métricas de avaliação do controle glicêmico. Resultados: Houve associação estatística significativa entre nível de não adesão (100%) às recomendações em insulinoterapia e tempo no alvo estimado ≤ 70%, assim como entre 80% de não adesão e desvio padrão ≥ 50 mg/dl. Conclusão: Esses achados validam que a não adesão às recomendações de boas práticas de insulinoterapia contribui para o descontrole glicêmico.

Objective: To analyze the relation between adherence levels to good practice recommendations for insulin therapy and glycemic control metrics in patients with diabetes mellitus. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional, quantitative study was conducted with 102 patients with diabetes mellitus. Data were collected by means of semi-structured interviews and complemented by information obtained from medical records. Participants answered four collection instruments: I) a sociodemographic and clinical characterization form, II) a reminder of insulin therapy guidelines, III) a capillary blood glucose self-monitoring record sheet and IV) a record form of glycemic control assessment metrics. Results: Results showed a statistically significant association between non-adherence level (100%) to insulin therapy recommendations with estimated time on target ≤ 70% and between non-adherence (80%) and standard deviation ≥ 50 mg/dl. Conclusion: These findings corroborate that non-adherence to good insulin therapy recommendations contribute to a lack of glycemic control

Objetivo: Analizar la relación entre los niveles de adherencia a las recomendaciones de buenas prácticas en insulinoterapia y las métricas de control glucémico en pacientes con diabetes mellitus. Métodos: estudio descriptivo, transversal y cuantitativo, realizado con 102 pacientes con diabetes mellitus. Para larecolección de datos se utilizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas y, de forma complementaria, se obtuvieron datos de las historias clínicas. Se aplicaron cuatro instrumentos de recolección: I) formulario de caracterización sociodemográfica y clínica, II) recordatorio de pautas de insulinoterapia, III) formulario de autocontrol de glucemia capilar y IV) formulario de registro de métricas de evaluación del control glucémico. Resultados: hubo una asociación estadísticamente significativa entre el nivel de no adherencia (100%) a las recomendaciones de insulinoterapia y el tiempo estimado ≤ 70%; así como entre el 80% de no adherencia y la desviación estándar ≥ 50 mg/dl. Conclusión: estos hallazgos evidencian que la no adherencia a las recomendaciones de buenas prácticas de insulinoterapia contribuye a la falta de control glucémico

Conversation map: an educational strategy in the care of elderly people with diabetes mellitus.

OBJECTIVE: To report the experience of using diabetes conversation maps as an educational strategy for diabetic elderly people. METHOD: Experience report, conducted from July to December 2016 in a specialized outpatient clinic for diabetics, in Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil. A total of 72 users participated, between diabetics and those accompanying them. RESULTS: The participants talked about issues that were not addressed in personal consultations, and could see themselves through the stories of others, thus realizing they were not alone and that others also experienced the same difficulties as them. Through empathy and the accounts of others, participants built knowledge and practices for their own daily lives. Final Considerations: The conversation map enables professionals to empower patients with diabetes, promoting self-care and ensuring better control over the disease, in order to prevent or delay the onset of related complications.

Relação interpessoal no cuidado de enfermagem a pessoas com diabetes tipo 2 / Interpersonal relationships in the nursing care of people with type 2 diabetes / Relación interpersonal en el cuidado de enfermería a personas con diabetes tipo 2

Objetivo: analisar a efetividade da relação interpessoal no cuidado de enfermagem e sua relação com as práticas de autocuidado geral e com os pés em pessoas com diabetes tipo 2. Método: estudo transversal, analítico, realizado em um Hospital Universitário, com 150 pessoas com diabetes tipo 2 que responderam ao Questionário relação interpessoal no cuidado de enfermagem, questionário de atividades de autocuidado com diabetes e questionário da avaliação da adesão ao autocuidado com os pés. Resultados: os resultados mostraram que a efetividade da relação interpessoal no cuidado variou de moderada a alta. Os escores do questionário mostraram significância comorbidades nefropatia, acidente vascular encefálico, aderir à dieta e receber orientações sobre cuidados som os pés. Conclusão: a relação interpessoal no cuidado efetiva pode fortalecer a criação de vínculos, a confiança e verbalização de sentimentos, contribuindo para melhoria na educação em diabetes e para adesão de comportamentos de autocuidado.

Objectives: to analyze the effectiveness of the interpersonal relationship in nursing care and its relationship with general self- care and foot care in people with type 2 diabetes. Method: this cross-sectional, analytical study was conducted at a University Hospital with 150 people with type 2 diabetes who answered the Interpersonal Relationship in Nursing Care Questionnaire, a questionnaire on self-care activities with diabetes, and a questionnaire to assess adherence to feet self-care. Results: the results showed that the effectiveness of the interpersonal relationship in care ranged from moderate to high. The questionnaire scores were significant with nephropathy comorbidities, cerebrovascular accident, diet adherence, and receiving foot care guidance. Conclusion: interpersonal relationships in effective care can strengthen bonding, trust, and verbalization of feelings, improving diabetes education and adherence to self-care behaviors.

Objetivos:analizar la efectividad de la relación interpersonal en el cuidado de enfermería y su relación con las prácticas generales de autocuidado y con los pies en personas con diabetes tipo 2. Método: estudio transversal, analítico, realizado en un Hospital Universitario, con 150 personas con diabetes tipo 2 que respondieron el Cuestionario de Relación Interpersonal en el Cuidado de Enfermería, cuestionario sobre actividades de autocuidado con diabetes y cuestionario para la evaluación de adherencia al autocuidado con los pies. Resultados:los resultados mostraron que la efectividad de la relación interpersonal en el cuidado varió de moderada a alta. Los puntajes del cuestionario mostraron significación con las comorbilidades de la nefropatía, el accidente cerebrovascular, la adherencia a la dieta y recibir orientación sobre el cuidado de los pies. Conclusión:la relación interpersonal en el cuidado efectivo puede fortalecer la creación del vínculo, la confianza y la verbalización de los sentimientos, contribuyendo para una mejoría en la educación en diabetes y la adherencia a las conductas de autocuidado.